ayurveda is science of life that deals with drugs...

1. DR. ANURAG MISHRA

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3. In Ayurveda , Desha refers to two factors:
 भुमिदेहं प्रभेदेन् देशिाहुरिह् द्विधा |{A.H.SU
1/23}
 देशस्तु भुमििातुिश्च ्|| {CA.VI 8/92}
 त्रिविध: खलु देश:- जान्गल्: आनुप्:
साधािण्शश्चेतत | {CA.KA 1/8}
 देशस््िानुपो जन्गल: साधािण ् इतत । {SU.SU
35/42}

4.  Desha has been classified into two types i.e
Bhumidesha & Aaturadesha .
 Again, bhumidesha is classified into :
 Jangala
 Anupa
 Sadharana

5.  Land: Clear sky, small hills, Dry and strongwind
 Soil: Rough,sandy and mixed withgravels
 Rain,Air: Less rain fall, harsh and hotair
 Plants: Few, small, thorny trees
 People: Stable and lean, strong body, vata
predominantdosa
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6.  Land: Uneven, river, mountain, covered with forest
 Air: Mild, soft, cold winds
 Rain: Heavy rainfall, lot of waterresources
 Plants: Large trees, land covered with softplant
 People: Mrudu,sukumar,well built,kapha vatadosa
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7.  Sheeta, Varsaa,Ushma,Maaruta remain balanced
 Tridosa are also remain balanced inbody
 People are healthy, well builtstructure
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8.  Xerophytic : Plants that can survive in an
environment with little water.ex: desert,..
 Hydrophytic: plant that grows either partly o
totally submerged in water
 Mesophytic : are terrestrial plants which are
either adapted to particularly dry nor particularly
wet environments.
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9.  According to P.V Sharma:
1. Jangala(Forest)- Vatapredominant
2. Parvatya(Hilly)-Vata.kapha
3. Saikat(Arid)-Vata,pitta
4. Saindhav(Oceanic)-Kapha,pitta
5. Anupa(Sub-aquatic)-Kapha
6. Madhya(Central)-Saadharana
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10. BHUMI PRAVICHARANA

11. 1. Bhumi should be devoidof:
Gravel, Stones, Anthill, Grave yard, slaughter
house, temple, sand brittle
2. Aduradakaa
3. Snigdha, mrudu, sthira, gauri, lohita
4. Sama-even land
5. Ability to germinateseeds
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16.  Physiographic Divisions of India:
1. Northern Himalaya
2. Great Northern plain
3. Central Highlands
4. Deccan Plateu
5. Costal Plains
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 Solid space-50%
Mineral-45%
Organic-5%
 Porespace-50%
Water-25%
Air-25%

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18.  Kalaka vana: Westernhimalaya
 Caitrarath vana: Central himalaya
 Kirata vana: Eastern himalaya
 Panchananda: Northern plain sat foothillsof
Himalaya
 Praacya: Indo- Gangetic plain
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19.  Vedikarusaka: Central highland
 Angireya: Sundarvana,Nagahills,Mikershills.
 Kalingaka: In Vindya & Citrakuta
 Dasharnaka: Nilgiri hills, Anaimalai
 Aparanta: Westernghaat
 Saurastra: Belongs to Avanti & daruvati
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Variouscriteria

22.  Criteria for Drugcollection:
1. Characteristics of drug to becollected
2. Part of theplant
3. Time of collection
4. Purpose
5. Potency of drug
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23.  Characteristics of drug to becollected :
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24.  A drug should be collected from the prasasta bhumi,
and the characteristics are as follows:
 Krimi anupahata  not affected or infested
 Visa anupahata  not affected by toxins
 Sastra anupahata  not affected by weapons
 Atapa anupahata  not affected by extreme heat
 Pavana anupahata  not affected by wind
 Dahana anupahata  not affected by fire
 Toya anupahata  not affected by water
 Sambadha anupahata  not affected by other probs.
 Margoranupahata  not affected by rampage.
 Ekarasam  best quality
 Pustawell grown & nourished
 Prthu plant should possess abundant bark.
 Avagadha mula  deep routed.

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26.  Drugs should not be collected from region which have
abundant valmiki, anupa, smasana, usara, margaja &
kutsita.
 Drugs should not be affected by jantu, vahni and
hima.
 Person should collect during early morning hours
,with a pure consiousness, neat and tidy mentally and
physically. While collecting, a person should be quite
and facing east or northward and collect the drug with
due prayers to siva.

27.  Time of collection:
-
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28. RITU REF. IN
SUSRUTA
CARAKA RA.NI
VASANTA SARA SAKHA,PATRA PUSPA
GRISHMA PHALA MULA ----
PRAVRT MULA ---- ----
VARSHA PATRA ----- PRABALA PATRA
SARAD TWAK TWAK,KANDA,KS
IRA
PANKAJATA
HEMANTA KSIRA SARA KANDA
SISIRA ---- MULA MULA

29. SL. NO. PRAYOJYANGA CARAKA SUSRUTA RA.NI
1 MULA GRISHMA
SISIRA
PRAVRT SISIRA
2 PALASA VARSHA
VASANTA
----- ----
3 SAKA VARSHA
VASANTA
---- ----
4 PUSPA ACC TO
FLOWERING
SEASON
---- VASANTA
5 TWAK SARAD SARAD ----
6 KSIRA SARAD HEMANTA ----
7 SARA HEMANTA VASANTA ----
8 PHALA ACC. TO
FRUITING
SEASON
GRISHMA VASANTA
9 KANDA SARAT ---- HEMANTA
10 PATRA ---- VARSHA SISIRA
11 PANCHANGA ---- ---- SARAT

30. DRAVYA RITU BHUMI DRAVYA-GUNA
SAUMYA VARSHA,HEMANTA,SISIR
A
SAUMYA ATIMADHURA,SNI
GDHA,SITA
AGNEYA SARAD,VASANTA &
GRISHMA
AGNEYA KATU,RUKSA,USNA

31.  Agneya dravya should be collected from vindhya,
malaya, sala parvata (region). As these regions have an
ecological features which is agneya and hence usna
virya dravya collected from here will be excellent.
 Saumya dravya ( sita virya dravya) is to be collected
from himagiri pradsesha,as the ecological condition is
saumya.
Type of dravya Region
Agneya Vindhya,malaya,etc.
Saumya Himigiri

32. SL. NO. BHUMI PURPOSE
1 PRITVI + JALA VIRECANA DRAVYA
2 AKASHA+ VAYU+AKASHA VAMANA DRAVYA
3 UBHAYA GUNABHUYISTHA UBHAYABHAGAHARA
DRAVYA
4 AKASHA GUNABHUYISTHA SAMSAMANA DRAVYA

33.  According to Purpose:
Shaarangadhara:
For shodhana karma-Vasanta
For shamana karma- Sharada
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34.  Different parts of animals are used as food & medicine.
These animal products have to be collected from an
young mature animal( Vayastha).
 For collecting the rakta, roma, nakha of animals , a well
grown young & mature animal is selected.
 For collecting ksira,mutra & purisa , these have to be
collected from a mature animal only after the previously
eaten food by the animal has been digested.

40. All the dravyas should be dry and new ,
except Guduci , kutaja , vasa , kusmanda,
satavari, aswagandha , sahacara, satapuspa &
prasarini.

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45.  Stored house should be in suitable place with proper
ventilation.
 Itshould not be situated ator nearcircle and junction.
 Everyday should be worshipped aftercleaning.
 Should be devoid of fire, water,moister,smoke,dust,rats
and otherinsects.
 Containers should have similar qualities.
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 Preparation of Drug:
Cleaning & Washing
 Sliced: large part
 Mucilaginous fruits: Free frompulp

49. Artificial Drying
Temperature:
Leaves,Flower,herbs: 20-40 degree C
Barks: 30-65 degree C
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50.  Direct sundrying:
Constituents are quitestable
 Shed drying:
Retaining natural colourand volatilecontent
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51.  Oven or traydryers:
Hot air & desired temperaturecirculated
Eg- Belladona root, Cinchonabark
 Vacuumdryers:
Drug sensitive to hightemparature
Eg-Tannic acid, Digitalis leaves
 Spraydryers:
Quick drying of economicallyimportant
constituents. Eg-Papya latex, pectineetc
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52.  Dependable factor:
Morphology
Chemical nature
Ultimateuse
Effect of climaticcondition
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53.  Date: Picked and dryed
 Name: Latin,Botanical.Common
 Method of drying:
Oven dry: +
Sun dry: 0
 Part of the herb: Root,stemetc
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54.  Preservation techniques:
Plota, karpata: Ragged cloth
Mridbhanda, mrittika pata: Earthen pot
Phalaka, pattaka: Plank
Shanku: stake/pillar/post/pale , and
these are to be kept in a clean storage
area.
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55. SL.
NO.
FORMULATION/MEDICINE EXPIRY PERIOD
1 CURNA AFTER 2 MONTHS
2 GUTIKA 1 YEAR
3 AVALEHA 1 YEAR
4 GHRTA AFTER 4 MONTHS
5 TAILA AFTER 4 MONTHS
6 LAGHUPAKA AUSADHAS AFTER 1 YEAR
7 ASAVARISTA INFINITE PERIOD
8 DHATU & RASA YOGAS INFINITE PERIOD

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