1. VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT
KHETRI COPPER COMPLEX
HINDUSTAN COPPER LIMITED
By
ANURAG KUMAR JHA
Exam Roll no.-511214025
SESSION 2017-2018
DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEEING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SHIBPUR
HOWRAH-711103

2. ii
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Hindustan Copper Limited to provide us with such a wonderful and
informative training. We would like to thank the officials at Khetri Nagar who taught us the
basic elements of underground metal mining at the mine and also ensured our 100 percent
safety in the underground. we would also like to thank Prof. I.N Sinha, Head of the
Department of Mining Engineering and Prof G.C Roy, Professor Incharge of Training for
giving us an opportunity of vocational training and sending us to such a technically advent
mine. We would also like to thank all our professors for helping us build the present domain
knowledge which we could use for our future endeavours.
Anurag Kumar Jha
VII Sem BTech-Degree Programme
in Mining Engineering
Indian Institute of Engineering
Science and Technology, Shibpur
Howrah-- 711103

3. iii
Table of Contents
Contents
Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................ii
Table of Contents..................................................................................................................... iii
Chapter-1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1
Chapter-2 Geology and Ore Reserves........................................................................................6
Chapter-3 Mine Sampling........................................................................................................11
Chapter-4 Method of Stoping ..................................................................................................15
Chapter-5 Blasting ...................................................................................................................17
Chapter-6 Machinery ...............................................................................................................19
Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................25

4. 1
Chapter-1
Introduction
Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), a public sector undertaking under the administrative
control of the Ministry of Mines, was incorporated on 9th November 1967. It has the
distinction of being the nation’s only vertically integrated copper producing company as it
manufactures copper right from the stage of mining to beneficiation, smelting, refining and
casting of refined copper metal into downstream saleable products.
Khetri is situated at the foothills of the Aravalli Range, which hosts copper mineralization,
giving rise to a 80 km long metallogenetic province from Singhana in the north to
Raghunathgarh in the south, popularly known as Khetri Copper Belt. The belt comprises of
tightly folded Proterozoic metasediments that rest over basement gneisses and is a part of the
North Delhi fold belt. Prominent deposits of the belt are: Khetri, Kolihan, Banwas,
Chandmari, Dhani Basri, Baniwali Ki Dhani (Neem Ka Thana, Rajasthan). Other deposits
are: Dholamala, Akwali, Muradpura - Pacheri (Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan), and Devtalai
(Bhilwara, Rajasthan).
Origin
Regular mining ceased in this area around 1872. With the advent of 20th century, the
geologists of Geological Survey of India of Indian Bureau of Mines undertook explorations.
Development of Khetri Mine was started by National Mineral Development Corporation
(NMDC) and the project was handed over to HCL in 1967 when HCL was formed.
Subsequently, smelting and refining facilities were added.
Khetri comprises of Khetri town and Khetrinagar. Khetri town was founded by Raja Khet
Singhji Nirwan, and Khetrinagar, which is about 10 km away from Khetri town, is developed
and maintained by Hindustan Copper Limited.
Existing Infrastructure
i. Mechanized underground mines namely 'Khetri' and 'Kolihan' (capacity 1.0 million
tonnes of ore per annum)
ii. Beneficiation plant (capacity 1.81 million tonnes per annum)
iii. Process plants to produce 31,000 TPA of refined copper

5. 2
1. Ore Body
(a) Strike Length 4.80 Km
(b) Average Width 10 metres
(c) Average Dip 65 deg.
(d) Average Grade 1.37 %
Intermediate Plan of Khetri Copper Mine
2. Ore reserves of Khetri Mine
(a) Reserve of Khetri Block : 34.11 Million Tons, Avg. Grade1.13%
(b) Reserve of Banwas Block : 25.39 Million Tons, Avg. Grade 1.69%
Total : 59.50 million tons with average grade 1.37% Cu.
3. Mode of Entry
(a) Shaft (Vertical) 2 Nos.
(b) Shaft (Incline) 1 No.

6. 3
4. Production Shaft (Vertical)
(a) Depth 475 metres
(b) Diameter 5.5 metres
(c) H.P. of the Winder 2870 K.W.
(d) Hoisting Capacity 600 tons per Hr.
5. Service Shaft(Vertical)
(a) Depth 388.5 meters
(b) Area of X- Section 6.11 x 4.93 m
(c) H.P. of Winder 1600 K.W
(d) Cage Capacity 88 persons per trip
6. Ventilation:-
(a) Up cast (i) Production shaft
Fan Capacity – 9400 Cu. M/Min.
(ii) Banwas Ventilation Shaft
Fan Capacity – 6000 Cu. M/Min.

7. 4
Service Shaft
7. Employment
Hindustan Copper Limited
(a) Underground 340
(b) Surface 193
Total 533
Contractual
(a) M/s TCL 59
(b) M/s TCL-MMPL 84
(c) M/s MECL 92
(d) M/s Gyani Electricals 75
(e) M/s Adinath Engg. Works 04

8. 5
(f) M/s Deepak Engg. Works 05
(g) M/s WIMS 12
Total 331

9. 6
Chapter-2
Geology and Ore Reserves
There are three hill ranges trending NE-SW separated by sandy plains within the lease
boundary. Makro hill range comprised of quartzite is observed on the western side of Mining
lease boundary. The central hill range separated by Kharkhara valley is made up of schists
and quartzites containining copper mineralization. Further east of Central hill range, there is
magnetite-quartzite hill of moderate height/elevation separated by a valley, where various
establishments of mine and plants, such as processing plants, stores and administrative
building are located. The slopes of the hills are steep with little or no soil and vegetation
cover. On the southern end of Khetri Mining Lease area lie small hilly terrains while northern
boundary of mining lease area is soil covered plains.
Khetri Nagar Township and Gothra village are located on east of the lease boundary.
Singhana and Kharkhara villages lie on the north and southwest of the lease boundary
respectively.
Geology of Khetri Mine
Metamorphosed arenaceous and argillaceous metasediments with intercalated calcareous
bands represent the major rock formations at Khetri Mine. These rocks are intruded by
younger basic rocks, acidic intrusions of granite, pegmatite and quartz veins. The succession
of major rock units found in and around the Khetri mine area (from east/footwall to
west/hanging wall) is as given here:-
Ajabgarh 5. Sericite Quartzite
Group 4. Phyllite/ Andalusite phyllite schist
3.Garnet-chlorite-quartzite-Schist+Amphibole+Biotite+Copper-Sulphide
mineralization
------------Gradational Contact --------------------------
Alwar 2. Amphibole quartzite with bands of amphibole rich Group rock and
amphibole
Group magnetite rock + Copper sulphide mineralisation
1. Feldspathic quartzite with band and magnetite quartzite
Amphibole, quartzite, garnet chlorite, quartzite/schist and Amphibole rich rock and
amphibole magnetic rocks (placed at the serial number 2 and 3 above) are the host rocks of

10. 7
the main ore lenses. Feldspathic quartzite represents footwall limit while andalusite phyllite
marks the hanging wall limit of the copper mineralization.
Lithology
The rock units of Khetri Mine area are described as below:-
Andalusite Phyllite:
It is a persistent rock unit which occurs on the western side of the mining lease area. It is light
to dark gray coloured. At places, it shows porphyroblasts of andalusite/chiastolite.
Discontinuous lenticular bands of quartzite and biotite occur as subordinate intercalations in
phyllite. Small patches of hornblende schist and graphitic phyllites are also encountered. In
between the phyllite and underlying granetiferous schist( Foot wall side), there exists a
impersistent band of tremolite magnetite rock exposed in the southern end.
Garnet-chlorite-quartz schist ± Amphibole and Biotite:
This rock has a clear contact with Andulasite- phyllites/ schist in hanging wall side marked
by abrupt appearance of garnets in borehole cores. The garnetiferous amphibole
quartzite/schist is the main host rock of sulphide mineralization. North of that, garnet starts
disappearing and rock grades into chlorite/biotite/schist. East of garnet-chlorite-quartz schist,
amphibole quartzite/amphibole rich rock starts appearing in patches hosting copper
mineralization.
All the rock of this horizon (placed at serial No. 3 in succession) is marked by varying
amounts of chlorite, biotite and amphibole etc. Amphiboles occur as radiating needles and
laths. Garnets occur as small dots to porphyroblasts in size. At places these form clusters and
bands growing up to 2 to 3 cm thick. Chloritization and biotitization of garnets and
amphiboles are noted along the fractures.
Amphibole Quartzite:
This rock is characterized by abundance of amphibole, sparse chlorite and absence of garnet.
Local variation in the rock varies from low amount of amphibole present and high amount of
chlorite present. Amphiboles occur as radiating needles and laths arranged in the form of
bands in siliceous mass. Amphiboles are biotitized at places. The amphiboles rich bands/
patches within amphibole quartzite in Banwas block bear very rich copper mineralization.
Feldspars start appearing and increase in amount with gradual decrease of amphibole as the
feldspathic quartzite horizon is approached in footwall.
Feldspathic Quartzite associated with bands of magnetite quartzite:
This rock underlies the amphibole quartzite. It is light pinkish/grayish colored massive rock.
It contains minor amount of amphibole at places. It also has banded appearance. Feldspathic
character of rock becomes more prominent on weathering. Although minor amount of pyrite
is present, yet appearance of this rock in drill cores marks the footwall limit of viable copper

11. 8
mineralization. There are thin bands of hematite/magnetite quartzite exposed within the
fedspathic quartzite. These bands show minor displacements caused by small transverse
faults occurring in the area.
Dolomite / Marble:
Surface exposures of dolomite/impure marble are found Banwas area in the horizon of strike
continuity of the host rocks. The marble rock appears to be a significant host rock for copper
mineralization in Banwas area. It forms intercalated small and large lenses. Well-developed
crystals, thin streaks and bands of amphibole and magnetite occur in appreciable quantity.
Intrusive:
Metabasic dykes cut across the rock formations of the area and also have general parallelism
with the transverse faults present in the area. Surface exposures have been mapped and
shown on the geological map. At times the metabasic rocks have intruded the transverse
faults. Quartz veins also occur as impersistant thin stringers, blebs, and patches. They also
occur as sheeted zones, which are quite persistent.
Rock with rich copper content
Copper Mineralization
Whereas surface manifestation of copper mineralization in the form of gossans bands and old
workings are prominent in the Khetri block, there are no such manifestations available in
Banwas block. Main sulphide minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. Sulphides
occur as stringers, specks, disseminations and clots. Stringers are more or less aligned
parallel to the foliation. Copper mineralization is in the form of en-chelon lenses occurring
along and around the gradational contact of Alwar and Ajabgarh groups of rocks. Minor
amount of gold and silver is associated with copper mineralization. Gold and silver content in
the Khetri block are 0.2 ppm and 2.0 ppm respectively, while in Banwas block, gold and
silver content is 0.3 ppm and 3.0 ppm respectively.

12. 9
Broadly, the ore lenses in Khetri block have been grouped into two lodes. One has been
designed as Madhan lode and the other is Kudhan lode. The Madhan mine (old working) is
situated in the Madhan lode. It is wider, richer and more persistent. The narrower and
impersistant western zone, in which the Kudhan mine (old working) is situated, falls in the
Kudhan lode. The main points of difference between the Madhan and Kudhan lodes relate to
the nature of the host rock, extent, and persistence of mineralization and geological location.
The host rock of Madhan lode is granetiferous chlorite quartzite/schist and its variation.
Kudhan lode is developed towards the hanging wall contact of the host rock with phyllites.
Very often the host rock for Kudhan lode is dolomite and is characterized by profuse
development of magnetite in it, whereas the magnetite present in the host rock of Madhan
lode is sparse. Wherever, more magnetite is present in Madhan lode host rock, it is in the
form of magnetic bands and not in the form of profusely distributed grains and patches, as it
is there in case of Kudhan lode. Kudhan lode has limited number of ore lenses delineated.
Madhan lode comprises a number of large and small ore lenses occurring from southern end
to northern extremity of the area. Banwas block has mainly four ore lenses placed in en-
echelon pattern. The ore lenses of Banwas block are rich as well as very wide as compared to
ore lenses of Khetri block. Wall rocks of mineralization are generally competent, traversed by
thin shears, occurring mostly in upper levels, near Kudhan fault region.
Presence of ore in depth:
The ore zones are remarkably persistent in depth from 450 mRL to (-) 300 mRL in central
part of Khetri Block. The intersection, encountered in bore hole No. BS-28 at (-) 120 mRL
(3.59% Cu x 46.10 m) indicates that there is possibility of ore lenses persisting further in
depth below (-) 120 mRL. The ore lenses appear to plunge about 20°-25° due NE. This
indicates that the mineralisation is likely to extend in depth further along plunge direction i.e.
towards Singhana.
Nature of Wall rocks
There are no surface exposures in the area. The nature of wall rocks as well as host rocks has
been studied on the basis of drill cores only. The borehole cores indicate that wall rocks both
in H/W & F/W of mineralisation are competent and because of their sub-vertical dips, these
can work as solid wall/barrier pillar. The mineralized ground, however, appears to be
comparatively less competent because of joints, shears and fractures. The physical and
chemical characteristics of wall rocks are suitable for underground mining as experienced in
the adjacent Khetri Mine. The effect of weathering appears to be insignificant.

13. 10
Winding System of Service Shaft with PLC and Indicators

14. 11
Chapter-3
Mine Sampling
Chip sampling, Channel sampling, grab sampling, muck sampling and core sampling are
carried out regularly. Main haulage levels are at 240, 180 and 120 MRL. Channel sampling or
chip sampling is being done in cross cuts at main levels and sublevels. Muck samples are
taken from the advancing faces of drives running through the host rocks.
Exploration in underground includes diamond core drilling and sampling of different mine
workings. This is undertaken from drives, preferably footwall drive. For delineating ore body
in lower levels drilling is done from footwall drive
For determining the potential of ore reserves and grade more precisely, than what has been
done from surface, exploration is carried out from alternate levels at 60m strike spacing. This
also helps to obtain precise location of footwall drives at lower levels. Details of block wise/
level wise definition-drilling upto 31-3-2013 is given in Table no 1 and future programme
upto 2016- 17.
Table 1: Khetri Copper Mine Definition Drilling
(Block wise / Level wise (upto 31-3-2013)
Block
Khetri Block Banwas
Block (5000-
6200)
Khetri
Copper
(Khetri +
Banwas)
South
(1600-2900)
Central
(2900-3900)
North
(3900-5000)
Total
(1600-5000)
Level No
of
Hole
s
Drilli
ng
Mts.
No of
Holes
Drillin
g Mts.
No
of
Hol
es
Drilli
ng
Mts.
No
of
Hole
s
Drillin
g Mts.
No
of
Hol
es
Drillin
g Mts.
No
of
Hol
es
Drillin
g Mts.
420
ML
131 6697 72 4142 203 10839 203 10839
360
ML
123 10169 312 19131 435 29300 435 29300
300
ML
115 11473 245 20004 1 213 361 31691 361 31690

15. 12
240
ML
73 6016 217 19431 126 1155
5
416 37001 14 628 430 37629
180
ML
33 3101 210 17958 140 1357
5
383 34634 55 4926 438 39560
120
ML
170 15636 130 1750
9
300 33145 62 5664 362 38809
60
ML
60 5419 160 1642
5
220 21844 44 4528 264 26315
Total 475 37456 1286 10172
0
557 5927
7
2318 19845
4
175 15745 249
3
21414
2
Exploration Programme
Table 2: Level-wise diamond drilling programme-
Level-wise diamond drilling programme upto 2016-2017
Level 2003-
04
2004-
05
2005-
06
2006-
07
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
2012-
13
180 ML 600 1500 1300 1200 1000 2400 2400 1700 - -
120 ML - 900 1100 1200 1400 - - 700 2400 2400
Total 600 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400
Definition drilling is carried out from the mine level at 30 m strike spacing from a
drilling center which ultimately forms “ fan shape structure ” The drill intersections are
obtained about 20 m vertical spacing on the hanging wall or foot wall most ore lenses. The
purpose of definition drilling is to delineate individual ore lenses in three dimensions so that
later on stope designing is carried out. Definition drilling data are used to convert drill
reserves into blocked ore reserves.
Stope development activity makes available different cross cuts/drives on the main levels and
sub-levels. The mine headings are geologically mapped and sampled. The sampling and
geological/structural data are utilized in reinterpretation of the data obtained from definition
drilling. The revised geological plans and sections are prepared. Changes accrued on account
of secondary mine development are used in the modification of stope design/development.

16. 13
The blast hole rings are designed on this information and ore reserves are recalculated along
each ring. The information is plotted in the different segments of stope/pillars in the form of
“Grade Control Charts” and such reserves are categorized as fully Blocked Reserves
(reserves ready for blasting and production).
Reserve Estimation
The ore reserve estimations are made on the basis of the exploration data generated from
surface drilling, definition drilling, primary and secondary mine development. Certain basic
assumptions have been made to interpolate the characteristics of different ore bodies based on
known intersections.
The various parameters used in ore reserve estimation are:
Cut-off grade: Zones of mineralization are delineated at 0.5 % Cu. Minimum parting of 2.0m
thicknesses has been considered between two ore bodies to treat them as separate mineable
ore lenses. If, this parting is less than 2.0 m, the ore zones are merged and the two ore zones
are treated as one zone. An average insitu specific gravity of 3.0 has been considered for the
purpose of ore reserve estimation.
Plan width: Plan width has been considered for the estimation of reserves. It has an advantage
over true width as it takes care of local variations in the dip; and the third dimension is
measured vertically on the longitudinal sections.
Strike and dip influence:
Around each mineralized intersection through bore holes and crosscut, panels are made by
considering 15m strike influence on either sides and 15m vertically up and down. Horizontal
width (plan width) of each intersection is taken from the geological cross sections, which are
prepared at 30m-strike interval. Level plans are also prepared at the main mine levels.
Different ore lenses are co-related on cross sections and level plans. Longitudinal sections are
then made for each ore lens for different levels. Finally, tonnage corresponding to each bore.
Tonnage = Strike influence (m) x Vertical influence (m) x Plan width (m) x S.G.
Category of Ore Reserves
Ore reserves of the mine are categorized on the basis of degree of exploration and mine
development. It includes surface drilling and definition drilling along with the mine
development and stage of stope preparation etc./ The ore reserves are classified as follows: -
Drill inferred ore reserves – These reserves are estimated on the longitudinal sections of the
area beyond the limit of drill indicated reserves category up to the lens boundary.
Drill indicated ore reserves – Reserves are calculated by taking 15m influences on all four
sides of bore hole/cross cut intersections on the longitudinal section.

17. 14
Partly blocked “B” ore reserves – These reserves are computed on the longitudinal sections of
ore lenses after completion of definition drilling and incorporating all the data pertaining to
lithology and assay obtained. These reserves are released for stope designing.
Partly blocked “A” reserve – Partly blocked ‘A’ reserves are estimated on longitudinal
section of the ore lenses based on the stope limits, reserves under stope preparation.
Fully blocked reserves – These reserves are estimated on stope ring design. Fully blocked
reserves result from partly blocked ‘A’ reserves after incorporating minor changes in the
geometry of the ore lenses resulting from secondary mine development carried out. These
reserves are ready for production.
The four fold classification as described above is justified to the three fold classification
mentioned in the guidelines for preparation of mining plan and is given here:
Fully blocked +partly blocked (A & B) - Proved category.
Drill indicated - Probable category.
Drill inferred - Possible category.

18. 15
Chapter-4
Method of Stoping
In Khetri mine, sub-level open stoping method was selected as the standard method of
extraction of ore. Later, blast hole-stoping method, a modification of sub-level open stoping
method, was adopted.
Reasons for selection of stoping method
(a) Dip of the ore body: The ore body is steeply dipping allowing the broken ore to fall
down the main levels by gravity.
(b) Width: The ore body is thick for which sub-level open stoping method is suitable.
(c) Depth: The depth is moderate. At the final stage of mining, the depth will be
approximately 400 meters only. Sub- level open stoping can be conveniently adopted
upto 500 m.
(d) Strength of walls: The rocks of hang wall, footwall and the ore body are competent.
(e) Grade of ore body: Ore body is relatively of poor grade. Sub-level open stoping is
comparatively economic method.
(f)Productivity: Sub- level open stoping method is amenable to high productivity, which is
especially desirable for the poor grade ore mines.
(g) Safety: Sub-level open method has the advantage of being " out of the ore body" mining.
The persons working in the stoping area are not exposed to wide excavations in the stope
and operations are carried out through drives which 3.0 m. x 3 .0 m size.
SUB LEVEL OPEN STOPING
Sub-level open stoping method has two variations namely, longitudinal and transverse.
Longitudinal stoping:
Longitudinal stoping is adopted where the ore body thickness is small to moderate. In this
method, an extraction drive is developed from the main foot-wall drive at extraction level and
a trough drive is developed in the ore body along the strike. Draw points at 9-m interval is
also developed from extraction drive connecting the trough drive. Extraction drive is in the
foot-wall, away from the ore body. The length of the draw points is kept minimum 10 meters
to ensure safety of the persons employed in the stope for drawing the broken ore. Two sub-
levels 20-25 meters vertically apart are developed in the ore block through the service raise.
A slot raise is made from the main level to the top of the ore block to be extracted. Slot

19. 16
crosscuts are made in the sub-levels and extraction level. The slot crosscut exposes the ore
body from the hang wall to the foot-wall.
Parallel holes are drilled in the slot crosscut and blasted against the pre-face of the slot raise.
This provides an opening throughout the height of the ore covering the entire width of the ore
body. Rings of holes, drilled in the trough drive and sub levels, are blasted against the pre-
face of the slot.
The broken ore falls into the trough where it is loaded into the GRAN-BY cars by loading
equipment (pneumatic) EIMCO-824 loader. Typically a stope has one trough drive and one
extraction drive. If the ore body is wider than 20 meter two trough drives and two extraction
drives are developed. In that case one extraction drive is in the hang wall and another in the
foot- wall of the ore body.
Transverse Stoping
In transverse stoping, the basic design remains the same. But, the development is done across
the ore body and stoping advances from hang wall to the foot-wall. The extraction crosscut is
developed across the strike. The position of the slot raise remains unchanged. Slot drive is
developed along strike.
BLAST HOLE STOPING
With introduction of DTH/ITH drilling machines in below ground mines, another variation of
the sub-level method is introduced wherein only one drill level is developed either just below
the crown of the stope or at the main level. Sub levels are eliminated and the extraction level
layout remains unaltered shows the blast hole stoping (Ring Pattern).
Both longitudinal and transverse method of stoping is adopted here, depending upon the ore
body geometry.

20. 17
Chapter-5
Blasting
Raising (Large Dia holes; VCR method)
Sequence of operation is as here under:
1) Drilled hole is checked and its length is measured.
2) Hole is plugged by Wooden wedged tied with anchored nylon rope.
3) Stemming the hole app. 8” in length by sand.
4) Primer cartridge of 6.25 kg slurry explosive tied with Cordtex fuse is lowered
in the hole.
5) Hole is charged 1 Mt. by slurry explosive.
6) Stemming the hole by app. 0.75 Mt.
7) MSD is tied to Cordtex fuse as per delay sequence.
8) Repeat the process for the remaining holes.
9) Connection to blasting cable.
10) Shot firing the holes from surface at 04:10 PM after clearance of persons from
below ground.
Blast Hole Stoping Method
Sequence of operation is as here under:
1) Drilled holes meant for blasting are checked and its length are measured.
2) Individual hole is plugged by Wooden wedged tied with anchored nylon rope.
3) Stemming the hole app. 8” in length by sand.
4) Primer cartridge of 6.25 kg slurry explosive tied with Cordtex fuse is lowered
in the hole.
5) Hole is charged 5 Mt. by slurry explosive.
6) Stemming the hole by app. 1.0 Mt.
7) Two holes are charged as above.
8) As per delay seq. detonators are tied to Cordtex fuse.
9) Connection of elect. Detonator(s) to blasting cable.
10) Shot firing the holes from surface at 04:10 PM after clearance of persons from
below ground.

21. 18
Sub Level Stoping Method
Sequence of operation is as here under-
1) Drilled holes of the Ring(s) meant for blasting are checked and its lengths are
measured.
2) Hole is plugged if through.
3) Initially Charging the hole app. 6” in length by ANFO by ANFO loader duly
earthed and with the help of anti- static hose.
4) Booster charge (100 gm) having Anoline is inserted into the hole.
5) Hole is charged up to the charging limit repeating the process 3.
6) All the other holes of the ring is charged in the same fashion.
7) Anolines emerging out of the holes are are connected together with a single
Cordtex fuse with the help of bunch connector.
8) As per delay seq. elect. detonator is tied to the Cordtex fuse.
9) Repeat the process for multiple rings.
10) Connection of elect. Detonator(s) to blasting cable.
Shot firing the holes from surface at 04:10 PM after clearance of persons from below ground.

22. 19
Chapter-6
Machinery
Drilling Machines:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Type Nos. Dia of Size/ Make Motive
HP/
Hole capacity power Air
Cons.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
 Jack hammer 30 32 mm/ - Holman C/air 120
cfm
 Drifters 05 57 mm/20 m BBC-120F C/air 300
cfm
 Cubex 02 165 mm/100 m Cubex C/air 40 HP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Loading Equipment:
For loading of broken ore generated in development headings of sub level, EIMCO-
150 loader (Hopper) is used. These machines can take discharge of 1.5 tonnes. In main level
development headings, rocker shovels (Eimco-824) load the ore. The pneumatic shovel loads
the broken rock either in 3.5 t or in 5.4 t side discharge GRAN-BY cars.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Type Nos. Bucket Cap. Make Motive HP
in cu. m. Power
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Rocker Shovel 21 0.425 Eimco-824 C/air 22
Hopper Loader 03 1.1 Eimco-150 C/air 18
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Haulage and Transport Equipment:
(a) Haulage within the mining lease-hold

23. 20
For transport of broken ore and waste, mine cars (Gran-by cars of 3.5 t and 5.4-t
capacity) are used at different levels of the mine. The loaded cars are hauled by 8t battery
locomotive (MAMC-LB-8) to various dump yards i.e. ore-pass or waste-pass.
The discharge of the crusher (located below the ore-pass) is conveyed to the surge bin
of the production shaft through a belt conveyor at -16 ML.
Haulage Equipment - Underground
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Type Nos. Size/ Make Motive
HP
Capacity power
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Locomotive 17 20 T MAMC-LB-8 Elect. 11.2
HP Wheel gauge Battery 2
DC
-1000 mm
Belt Conveyor 01 1000 mm Elect. 30
HP
80 m long
motor
600 t / hour.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
(b) Transport from mine head to the destination:-
The ore hoisted up to the surface through the production shaft and dumped at the bin
provided at the top. This ore then conveyed to the Concentrator Plant through a chain of belt
conveyors via stockpile. The details belt conveyors are given below:
Haulage Equipment – Surface
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Type Nos. Size/ Motive HP
Capacity Power
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Belt Conveyor 01 1200 mm wide Elect. 60 HP
600 t/h motor
17.50 Inclination

24. 21
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Miscellaneous :
A list of miscellaneous machinery (other than mentioned in previous paragraphs) deployed
at Khetri Mine is given in table no. 4.8.4. This shows the type and make of the machinery,
power, quantity, area of operation etc.
List of Machinery
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Type and Make (Nomenclature) HP Qty. Make
Working Place ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------
ABOVE GROUND
 1600 KW MAMC Winder, 2128 01 MAMC Service
Shaft
2870 KW French 6 Ropes
 Koepe Winder. 3817 01 Venot Pic Production
Shaft
Ensa, France
 Single Drum Cylindrical 200 01 MAMC Adit
No.-3 Hoist for Haulage
 Single Drum Cylindrical 33 01 Associated
P/Shaft
Hoist for Haulage CUBA Engg, works
Bombay
 K.G. Khosla Compressor 625 KW 02 K.G. Khosla
Surface
2 HB 4 TER of 350 cfm
 LHD (EIMCO) 912-B 76 01 EIMCO
Surface
 Kirloskar BTD- B3M 720 KW 02 Kirloshar
Surface Compressor, 4500 cfm
 Atlas Copco Compressor 1400 KW 01 AtlasCopco
Surface
UR-06, 8000 cfm

25. 22
 KG- Khosla Compressor 250 HP 03 KG Khosla
Surface 2HA4 TER, 1070 cfm
 Conveyor 60 HP 01
 Vibrating Feeder 25 HP 01 TRF
Surface
 Lathe HMT Model H-26/3000 7.5 HP 01 HMT,
Surface
 Lathe HMT Model H-22 --- 01 HMT
Surface
 Lathe HMT Model LB-20 6.5 HP 01 HMT
Surface
 Kirloskar, Bombay Lathe 6.0 HP 03 Kirloskar
Surface
 Lathe, Prakash 8-L ---- 01 Prakash
Surface
M/C Tools
 Milling Machine, FN- 2U 6.5 HP 01 HMT
Surface
 Main Ventilation Fan 168 HP 01
North Vent.Shaft
 Main Ventilation Fan 228 HP 01 P/
Shaft
 Welding sets -- 12
Surface
 TATA Truck 110 ton 01 TATA
Surface
 Explosive Van (5t) 110 02 TATA
Surface
 Diesel Loco Motive 125 01
Surface

26. 23
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
BELOW GROUND
A. Type and HP of Machinery other than Electrical Equipment
i) Air Winch 8.5 15
ii) Pneumatic Pumps 1.7 6
B. Type and HP of Machinery of Electrical Apparatus
i) Electric Pumps 170 7 Mather & Platt 180 ML
5nos
(Centrifugal type, 8 stage) &`0'ML-
2Nos.
Head – 250 Mtrs., Cap. – 500gpm (136.2 m3/hr.)”
ii) Crusher 160 KW 1 Dragon `0' ML
iii) Feeder 60 1 TRF `0' ML
iv) Apron Conveyor 100 1 L&T `0' ML
v) Disc Screen 15 1 David Brown `0' ML
vi) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 45 7
various
vii) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 20 26
levels
viii) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 15 3 of
ix) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 10 19 the
x) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 5 10 mine
xi) Welding 13 25
xii) EOT Cranes 15 t 09

27. 24
Chapter-7
Ore Handling System

28. 25
Conclusion
The Khetri Copper mine is the adobe of copper in India. The mine is rich with minerals. The
mining started from a long time. The mine has evolved with latest technologies like Long
Hole Raising, Alimak Raise climber, etc. Still due to lack of copper extraction and
diminishing grade the production has decreased and hence the processing plant at the copper
complex has stopped production. The area is getting polluted also due to underground mining
at large scale. Blasting vibration can be felt from the surface at different places like Singhana,
etc. Subsidence always played a very important factor in degrading land quality in and
around the area. Production continues to meet the increasing demand of Copper around the
globe. Hindustan Copper has also been incurring losses due to regular activities which had
forced the company to go for contractual working. Labour Union issues also plays an
important role in degradation of the day to day mining practices.

29. 1