1. SOLAR WATER PUMPING
WITH RADIATION TRACKER
(EXTC65)
by
Anup Devlikar
Tejaunsh Bari
Neha Bhanushali
Ankit Patil
Under the Guidance of
Karishma Raut
Assistant Professor
2. Abstract
• The aim of this project is to present a way in which the
efficiency of solar power collection can be increased. It is to
increase the efficiency of solar power conversion by increasing
the amount of time that the solar panel is directly
perpendicular to the sunlight. Efficiency is based on accurately
positioning the solar panel throughout the day.
• The objective is to design and implement an automated, one-
axis solar-tracking mechanism and use the battery voltage to
drive the water pump with minimum cost and reliable
structure.
4. Importance of project
In remote areas the sun is a cheap source of electricity because
instead of hydraulic generators it uses solar cells to produce
electricity. While the output of solar cells depends on the
intensity of sunlight and the angle of incidence, it means to get
maximum efficiency; the solar panels must remain in front of sun
during the whole day. But due to rotation of earth those panels
can’t maintain their position always in front of sun. This problem
results in decrease of their efficiency.
5. Motivation
• Photovoltaic energy is the process of converting the sunlight
directly to electricity, using solar cells It is clean, non
polluting, sustainable resource that requires easy installation
and little maintenance.
• Most solar panels are statically aligned, that is they are placed
at a fixed position towards the sky. As the sun moves across
the sky throughout the day, the angle of incidence of the sun
rays to the panel keeps on changing thereby resulting to low
power output from the solar cells Maximum energy is
collected by the solar panel when the orientation is such that
the sun rays fall directly on it.
7. Sr
no.
Name of paper Year Workdone Conclusion
1 “Automatic Sun Tracking
System (ASTS)
By Muhammad Faheem
Khan and Rana Liaqat
Ali
October 2011 In this paper
how Automatic
solar tracker
increases the
efficiency of
the solar panel
is explained
Due to rotation of
earth those panels
can’t maintain their
position always in
front of sun. This
problem results in
decrease of their
efficiency. Thus to
get a constant
output, an
automated system
is required which
should be capable
to constantly rotate
the solar panel to
receive maximum
solar energy.
8. Sr
no.
Name of paper Year Workdone Conclusion
2 “A versatile
microprocessor based
controller for solar
tracking,”
By
Saxena, A.K and Dutta
V.
21-25 May
1990
Photovoltaic
specialists
Conference,
1990,
Conference
Record of
the Twenty
First IEEE
Solar tracking
allows more energy
to be produce
because the solar
array is able to
remain aligned to
the sun. The paper
begins with
presenting
background theory
in light sensors and
stepper motors as
they apply to the
project, using a
microcontroller
By using this
method, the
solar tracker
will be
successful in
maintaining a
solar array at
a sufficiently
perpendicular
angle to the
sun by using a
stepper motor.
The water
pump will be
driven by the
voltage stored
in the battery.
10. Introduction
• This system is tracking for maximum intensity of light. When
there is decrease in intensity of light, this system automatically
changes its direction to get maximum intensity of light.
• Here we are using two sensors in two directions to sense the
direction of maximum intensity of light. The difference
between the outputs of the sensors is given to the
microcontroller unit.
• Here we are using the microcontroller for tracking and
generating power from sunlight. It will process the input
voltage from the comparison circuit and control the direction
in which the motor has to be rotated so that it will receive
maximum intensity of light from the sun.
12. PROBLEM DEFINITION
• Each day, the sun rises in the east, moves across the sky, and
sets in the west. Whenever the sun is shining on us, it is
sending energy in our direction. We can feel the heat from the
sun, and we can see objects that are illuminated by the light
from the sun as it moves across the sky. However, if we could
get a solar cell to turn and look at the sun all day, then it would
be receiving the maximum amount of sunlight possible and
converting it into the more useful energy form electricity.
• The volume of water pumped by a solar-powered system in a
given interval depends on the total amount of solar energy
available in that time period. Specifically, the flow rate of the
water pumped is determined by both the intensity of the solar
energy available and the size of the PV array used to convert
that solar energy into direct current (DC) electricity.
13. MAJOR EXPECTED RESULTS
• A new solar tracker is designed employing the new principle
of using small solar cells to function as self-adjusting light
sensors, providing a variable indication of their relative angle
to the sun by detecting their voltage output. By using this
method, the solar tracker will be successful in maintaining a
solar array at a sufficiently perpendicular angle to the sun. The
water pump will be driven by the voltage stored in the battery.
Hence a convenient and non-conventional use of solar energy
is done efficiently.
14. CONCLUSION
The usage of solar energy is increasing day by day. With the
effect of increased efficiency and reducing the cost of solar
energy conversion makes the utilization of solar energy simple
and reliable at domestic and industrial level. This promotes the
solar energy to become one of the major sources of energy in
future.
15. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost we would like to thank, God the
Almighty for being the unconditional guiding light
throughout our endeavour. We would like to express
gratitude to our principal Dr. Arun Kumar, for providing
us with support and best facilities for the completion of
this project. We would like to thank Mrs. Archana Ingale
Head of Electronics department for her constant
encouragement. We are eternally debited to Mrs.
Karishma Raut, our project guide for patiently clearing all
our doubts and guiding us over each obstacle. We are also
grateful to all teachers and staff of the department for
being actively involved in our step by step progress.
16. REFERENCES
• Muhammad Faheem Khan and Rana Liaqat Ali “Automatic
Sun Tracking System (ASTS)”, Faculty of Electronics
Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –
8887) Volume 31– No.9, October 2011.
• https://www.scribd.com/doc/Eee-Project-Report-on-Solar-
Tracking-System
• Chong, K.K.; Wong, C.W.General formula for one-axis sun
tracking system and its application in improving tracking
accuracy of solar collector Solar Energy. 2009, 83, pp.298-
3054
• Saxena, A.K.; Dutta, V., “A versatile microprocessor based
controller for solar tracking,” Photovoltaic specialists
Conference, 1990., Conference Record of the Twenty
First IEEE, 21-25 May 1990, Page(s):1105 -1109 vol.2 ..
