2. CONTENT
âą Overview of Bluetooth History
âą The Bluetooth Specifications
âą Typical Bluetooth Scenario
âą Protocols
âą Profiles
âą Security
âą Future of Bluetooth
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3. What is Bluetooth?
âą âBluetooth wireless technology is an open specification for a
low-cost, low-power, short-range radio technology for ad-hoc
wireless communication of voice and data anywhere in the
world.â
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One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module
4. Bluetooth Goals & Vision
âą Originally conceived as a cable replacement technology
âą Short-Range Wireless Solutions
âą Open Specification
âą Voice and Data Capability
âą Worldwide Usability
âą Other usage models began to develop:
â Personal Area Network (PAN)
â Ad-hoc networks
â Data/voice access points
â Wireless telematics
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5. Overview of Bluetooth History
âą What is Bluetooth?
â Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.
âą Why this name?
â It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who
unified Denmark and Norway.
âą When does it appear?
â 1994 â Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones &
accessories.
â 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
in 1998.
â First specification released in July 1999.
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6. Timeline
âą 1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision
âą 1995 : Engineering work begins
âą 1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate
âą 1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba
âą 1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0A
SIG promoter group expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft &
Motorola
âą 2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters
âą 2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.1
âą 2003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.2
âą 2005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0 (?)
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8. Technical features
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Connection Type
Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping) &
Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec)
Spectrum
2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of
spectrum = 79 channels)
Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
Transmission Power 1 mw â 100 mw
Data Rate 1 Mbps
Range 30 ft
Supported Stations 8 devices
Data Security âAuthentication Key 128 bit key
Data Security âEncryption Key 8-128 bits (configurable)
Module size 9 x 9 mm
9. Time-Division Duplex Scheme
âą Channel is divided into consecutive slots (each 625 ïs)
âą One packet can be transmitted per slot
âą Subsequent slots are alternatively used for transmitting and receiving
â Strict alternation of slots between the master and the slaves
â Master can send packets to a slave only in EVEN slots
â Slave can send packets to the master only in the ODD slots
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10. Classification
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POWER RANGE
CLASS I 20 dBm 100 m
CLASS II 0-4 dBm 10 m
CLASS III 0 dBm 1 m
âą Classification of devices on the basis of Power dissipated &
corresponding maximum Range.
11. Typical Bluetooth Scenario
âą Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-point and
point-to-multipoint (broadcast) between devices in a
piconet.
âą Point to Point Link
â Master - slave relationship
â Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves
âą Piconet
â It is the network formed by a Master and one or more slaves
(max 7)
â Each piconet is defined by a different hopping channel to
which users synchronize to
â Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps)
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m s
s s s
m
12. Piconet Structure
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Master
Active Slave
Parked Slave
Standby
âą All devices in piconet hop together.
âą Masterâs ID and masterâs clock determines frequency hopping
sequence & phase.
13. Ad-hoc Network â the Scatternet
âą Inter-piconet communication
âą Up to 10 piconets in a
scatternet
âą Multiple piconets can operate
within same physical space
âą This is an ad-hoc, peer to
peer (P2P) network
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17. File Transfer Profile
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âą Profile provides:
âą Enhanced client-server interactions:
- browse, create, transfer folders
- browse, pull, push, delete files
18. Core Bluetooth Products
âą Notebook PCs & Desktop
computers
âą Printers
âą PDAs
âą Other handheld devices
âą Cell phones
âą Wireless peripherals:
âą Headsets
âą Cameras
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âą CD Player
âą TV/VCR/DVD
âą Access Points
âą Telephone Answering
Devices
âą Cordless Phones
âą Cars
19. Other ProductsâŠ
âą 2004 Toyota Prius & Lexus LS 430
â hands free calls
âą Digital Pulse Oximetry System
âą Toshiba Washer & Dryer
âą Nokia N-gage
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20. Security
âą Security Measures
â Link Level Encryption & Authentication.
â Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for device access.
â Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys).
â These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other parameters are
transmitted over wireless which in combination with certain
information known to the device, can generate the keys.
â Further encryption can be done at the application layer.
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21. Future of Bluetooth
âą Success of Bluetooth depends on how well it is integrated into
consumer products
â Consumers are more interested in applications than the technology
â Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into consumer products
â Must provide benefits for consumer
â Must not destroy current product benefits
âą Key Success Factors
â Interoperability
â Mass Production at Low Cost
â Ease of Use
â End User Experience
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