Anatomy of female reproductive system(ovary ,fallopian tube)

1. Ms.Anu Sebastian: B.Pharm; M.Pharm
Assistant Professor,
Dept. Of Pharmacology
Nirmala College Of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha,Ernakulam,Kerala

2. ORGANIZATION
 Gonads: Ovary
 Ducts: Fallopian tube
 Accessory organs: Uterus,Vagina,Mammary glands,External genitalia
OVARY
 Produce secondary oocyte & hormones (Estrogen,Progesteone,Relaxin &
Inhibin)
 Location: Inside Pelvic cavity, outside peritoneum.on either side of uterus
 These are paired almond/oval shaped glands on either side of
uterus;3*1.5*1 cm in size

3.  They develop & expel 1 ovum per month.
 A women is born with about 400,000 immature eggs called follicles.
 During a lifetime a woman releases about 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for
fertilization.
 The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone
and estrogen.
 These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg.
 Each ovary is held in place by 3 ligaments:
 Broad ligament : suspends ovaries between the uterus & pelvic wall.
 Ovarian ligament: attaches ovaries to the uterus.
 Suspensory ligament : attaches ovaries to the pelvic wall

4.  It is covered by 2 layers:
 Outer layer is Germinal epithelium made up of low cuboidal/squamous
epithelium.
 Inner layer is tunica albugenia made up of whitish fibrous capsule of dense
irregular connective tissue.
 Internally ovary is divided into two regions:
 Outer cortex: It contains oocytes/ovarian follicles in various stages of
development .The ovarian follicles are surrounded by dense irregular C.T
that contains collagen fibres & fibroblast-like cells called stromatal cells.
 Inner medulla: It contains loosely arranged C.T ,blood vessels, lymphatic
vessels & nerves.

5.  The ovarian cotex contains many sac like structures called ovarian follicles.
 Follicle consists of an immature egg(oocyte)surrounded by several follicle cells
named according to its stage of development.
 Follicle cells support/nourish Ova ,secrete estrogen.
 Primordial Follicle :One layer of follicle cells around ovum.
 Primary Follicle: Primordial follicle with 7-8 layers of follicular cells(Granulosa
cells).
 Secondary Follicle: Primary follicle with fuid filled antrum.
 Graafian follicle: is a large,fluid filled follicle that is ready to rupture & expel its
secondary oocyte, a process known as Ovulation.
 Corpus luteum: It contains the remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation. The
corpus luteum produces progesterone,estrogens,relaxin & Inhibin.
 Corpus albicans: the scar tissue formed from corpus luteum.

6. Fig: Structure of Ovary

7. FALLOPIAN TUBE /UTERINE TUBE/OVIDUCT
 Two uterine tubes that extend laterally from the uterus.
 Tube approx. 10cm long.1 cm diameter.
 Having 3 parts:
 Infundibulum: It is the funnel shaped portion of the ovary.It opens
into pelvic cavity .
 Fimbriae : The finger like projections at the end of infundibulum.
 Ampulla: Widest,l ongest portion. It forms lateral 2/3rd of the tube.
 Isthmus: Medial,short,narrow thick walled portion. It joins to the
uterus.

8. Fig:Structure of Fallopian tube
Fig:Structure of female reproductive
system

9. Histology
 It is having 3 parts:
1)Mucosa: It is the innermost layer.
 It is made up of ciliated columnar epithelium.
 Mucosa also contain nonciliated secretory cells with microvilli called peg cells.
 The cilia helps in the movement of fertilized ovum.
 Secretory cells nourishes the ovum.
2) Muscularis: It is the middle layer.
 Made up of inner thick circular smooth muscle layer & outer thin longitudinal
smooth muscle layer.
 The peristaltic contractions help in motility of Ovum.
3)Serosa: It is the outer layer.
 It is made up of serous membrane

10. Passageway of secondary oocyte
Ovulation-Release of secondary oocyte from ovary
Release of ovum into pelvic cavity
Ciliated movements of fimbrae-produce local current
Sweeps the ovum into fallopian tube
Encounters with sperm & fertilization in ampulla
Moves toward uterus
Uterine implantation 6-7 days after fertilization.

11. THANK YOU