Dumpers are trucks used to transport loose materials like sand and gravel. There are several types including standard dump trucks, side dump trucks, articulated dump trucks, and transfer dump trucks. Concrete mixers come in continuous and batch varieties and are used to mix cement, aggregate, and water. Batch mixers include drum mixers, pan mixers, and transit mixers, which transport mixed concrete to construction sites.

2. DUMPERS
 A dumper is a truck used for transporting loose material(such as sand, gravel or dirt) for
construction.
 Typical dumpers are equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear.
 TYPES OF DUMPERS:
 Standard dump truck
 Side dump truck
 Off-road dump truck
 Articulated dump truck
 Transfer dump truck’
 super dump truck
 Semi trailer dump truck
 Double trailer bottom truck

3. STANDARD DUMP TRUCK
 A standard dump truck is a full truck chassis with a dump body mounted to the frame.
 The dump body is raised by a hydraulic amp mounted forward of the front bulkhead,
between the truck cab and the dump body.

4. SIDE DUMP TRUCK
 A side dump truck consists of a – axle tractor pulling a 2- axle semi trailer.
 It has hydraulic rams which tilts the dump body onto its side, spilling the material to
either the left or right side of the trailer.
 The key advantages of the side dump are that it allows rapid unloading and can carry
more weight.

5. OFF-ROAD DUMP TRUCKS
 Off-road dump trucks more closely resemble heavy construction equipments or
engineering vehicles.
 They are used strictly off-road for mining and heavy dirt hauling jobs. The term ‘dump’
truck is not generally used by the mining industry.

6. ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCK
 An articulated dump truck has a hinge between the cab and the dump box, but is distinct
from semi-trailer trucks in the cab is a permanent fixture. This vehicle is highly adaptable
to rough terrains.

7. TRANSFER DUMP TRUCKS
 A transfer dump truck is a standard dump truck which pulls a separate trailer which can
be loaded with aggregates (gravel, sand, asphalt, etc.)

8. SUPER DUMP TRUCK:
A super dump is similar to a standard
dump truck except it is equipped with
extra axles to carry more weight .
SUPER DUMP TRUCK:
A semi bottom dump
(or "belly dump") is a 3-axle tractor
pulling a 2-axle trailer with a clam
shell type dump gate in the belly
of the trailer.
The key advantage of a semi bottom dump
is its ability to lay material in a wind row (a
linear heap).

9. DOUBLE AND TRIPLE TRAILOR BOTTOM DUMP TRUCK
 Double and triple bottom dumpers consists of a 2- axle tractor pulling one single-axle semi-
trailer and an additional full trailer.
 These dumpers allow the driver to lay materials in wind rows without even leaving the cab
or even stopping the truck.
 The main disadvantage is the difficulty in backing double and triple units in reverse

11. INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS
 Used to move materials over variable (horizontal) paths with no restrictions on the area covered
(i.e., unrestricted area)
 Provide vertical movement if the truck has lifting capabilities
 Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume such that the use of a conveyor cannot
be justified
 Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors and cranes
 Not licensed to travel on public roads—"commercial trucks" are licensed to travel on public roads

12. CHARACTERISTICS
 Pallet/Non-Pallet: Does the truck have forks for handling pallets, or does the truck have a flat
surface on which to place loads.
 Manual/Powered
 Walk/Ride: For non-automated trucks, can the operator ride on the truck (in either a standing or
sitting position) or is the operator required to walk with the truck during travel.
 Stack/No Stack: Can the truck be used to lift loads for stacking purposes.
 Narrow Aisle: Is the lift truck designed to have a small turning radius or does it not have to turn
at all in an aisle when loading/unloading.
 Automated: Is the truck automated so that it can transport loads without requiring an operator.

13. TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS
 Hand truck
 Two-wheeled hand truck
 Dolly
 Floor hand truck
 Pallet jack
 Manual pallet jack
 Powered pallet jack
 Walkie stacker
 Manual walkie stacker
 Powered walkie stacker
 Pallet truck
 Platform truck
 Walkie platform truck
 Rider platform truck
 Counterbalanced lift truck
 Sit-down counterbalanced lift truck
 Stand-up counterbalanced lift truck
 Narrow-aisle straddle truck
 Narrow-aisle reach truck
 Turret truck
 Operator-down turret truck
 Operator-up turret truck
 Order picker
 Sideloader
 Tractor-trailer
 Personnel and burden carrier
 Automatic guided vehicle (AGV)
 Tow AGV
 Unit load AGV
 Assembly AGV
 Light load AGV
 Fork AGV

14. HAND TRUCK (Non- pallet, manual, no stack)
 1(a) Two-Wheeled Hand Truck
Load tilted during travel
 1(b) Dolly
Three or more wheeled hand truck with a flat platform in which,
since it has no handles, the load is used for pushing
 1(c) Floor Hand Truck
Four or more wheeled hand truck with handles for
pushing or hitches for pulling. Sometimes referred to
as a "cart" or "(manual) platform truck"

15. PALLET JACK ( Pallet, walk, no stack)
 Front wheels are mounted inside the end of the forks and extend to the floor as the pallet is
only lifted enough to clear the floor for subsequent travel
 2(a) Manual Pallet Jack
 Pallet + walk + no stack + manual
 Manual lifting and/or travel
 2(b) Powered Pallet Jack
 Pallet + walk + no stack + powered
 Powered lifting and/or travel

16. WALKIE STACKER (Pallet, walk ,stack)
 3(a) Manual Walkie Stacker
 Pallet + walk + stack + manual
 Manual lifting and/or travel (and straddle load support)
 3(b) Powered Walkie Stacker
 Pallet + walk + stack + powered
 Powered lifting and/or travel (and either counterbalance or
straddle load support)

17. PALLET TRUCK (Pallet, ride , no-stack)
 Same pallet restrictions as a pallet jack
 Control handle typically tilts to allow operator to walk during loading/unloading
 Powered pallet jack is sometimes referred to as a "(walkie) pallet truck“

18. PLATFORM TRUCK (Pallet, ride , no-stack)
 Non-pallet + powered + no stack
 Platform used to provide support for nonpalletized loads
 Used for skid handling; platform can lift skid several inches to allow it to clear the floor
 Greater lifting capacity compared to fork trucks because the platform provides a greater lifting
surface to support a load
5(a) Walkie Platform Truck
 Non-pallet + powered + no stack + walk
 Operator walks next to truck
 Floor hand truck is sometimes referred to as a "(manual)
platform truck"
5(b) Rider Platform Truck
 Non-pallet + powered + no stack + ride
 Operator can ride on truck

19. COUNTERBALANCED LIFT TRUCK (Pallet, ride , stack)
 Also referred to as fork truck.
 Weight of vehicle (and operator) behind the front wheels of truck counterbalances weight of the load
(and weight of vehicle beyond front wheels); front wheels act as fulcrum or pivot point.
6(a) Sit-Down Counterbalanced Lift Truck
 Operator sits down
 12-13 ft. minimum aisle width requirement
6(b) Stand-Up Counterbalanced Lift Truck
 Operator stands up, giving vehicle narrow-aisle capability
 9-11 ft. minimum aisle width requirement
 Faster loading/unloading time compared to NA straddle
and reach trucks

20. NARROW AISLE STRADDLE TRUCK
 Similar to stand-up CB lift truck, except outrigger arms straddle a load and are used to
support the load instead of the counterbalance of the truck
 7-8 ft. minimum aisle width requirement
 Less expensive than stand-up CB lift truck and NA reach truck
 Since the load is straddled during stacking, clearance between loads must be provided for
the outrigger arms
 Arm clearance typically provided through the use of load-on-beam rack storage or single-
wing pallets for load-on-floor storage

21. NARROW AISLE REACH TRUCK
 Similar to both stand-up CB lift truck and NA straddle truck
 8-10 ft. minimum aisle width requirement
 Load rests on the outrigger arms during transport, but a pantograph
(scissors) mechanism is used for reaching, thereby eliminating the
need to straddle the load during stacking
 Reaching capability enables the use of shorter outrigger arms (arms
> 1/2 load depth) as compared to NA straddle truck (arms = load
depth)
 Counterbalance of the truck used to support the load when it extends
beyond the outrigger arms
 Although the NA reach truck requires slightly wider aisles than a NA
straddle truck since its outrigger arms do not enter a rack during
storage, it does not require arm clearance between loads (arm
clearance is still required when the truck must enter a storage lane
when block stacking or drive-in or -through racks are used)
 Extended reaching mechanisms are available to enable double-deep
storage

23. CONCRETE MIXERS
 A concrete mixer is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical
concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components.
 For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the
workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a
wheelbarrow.
TYPES-
• Continuous mixer
• Batch mixer
Continuous mixers produce concrete continuously without stopping until the
plant works. This types of mixers are used in larger projects like dam
construction.
Types of continuous mixer:
• Plant mixers
• machines
Batch mixers produce concrete in batches in a time interval. Used in all
types of concrete works.
Types of Batch mixer:
• Drum Types Mixer
 Tilting drum mixers
 Non-tilting drum mixer
 Reversing drum mixer
• Pan Type Mixer

24. BATCH MIXERS
Used for smaller projects.
Cost of non-tilting mixer:
40,000
Disadvantage: concrete sticks
at the bottom.
Cost of tilting drum mixer:
82,000
Cost of reversing mixer:
1,00,000

25. PAN TYPE MIXERS
• Pan type mixers consists a circular pan in which concrete is
mixed. The mixing is done by blades which are arranged in star
shape inside the pan.
• The mixing is efficient and concrete mixture is collected through
central hole provided in the pan. The rotating star blades contains
special blades called scrapper blades which will make concrete not
to stick to the pan.
• The blades can also be adjusted in height so, there is no room for
concrete to store in the pan.
We can say among the all types of batch mixers pan type mixer are
more efficient.
CONTINUOUS MIXERS
• Continuous mixer, the name itself telling its duty that the loading,
mixing and discharging of mix is continuously done until the work is
complete or work break occurs. The loading of materials is done
continuously by screw feeders.
• Continuous mixtures are used for very large projects such as dams,
bridges, construction of high rise buildings.
A MIXING PLANT

26. TRANSIT MIXERS
• Also a type of batch mixer, concrete transporting truck it is also known as in-transit mixer they are made to transport and mix concrete up to
the construction site they can be charged with dry materials and water, with mixing occurring during transport.
• They can also be loaded from a "central mix" plant, with this process the material has already been mixed prior to loading
• It maintains the material’s liquid state through turning of the drum until delivery
• in-transit mixer the interior of the drum is fitted with a spiral blade. in one rotational direction the concrete is pushed into the drum this is
known as charging the mixer
• in-transit mixer when the drum reverse its rotational direction the screw type arrangement of the blade forces the concrete out of the drum