2. FormulaStructure;
Present Simple
Positive; Negative;
IYouWeT
hey
+verb in
infinitive
IYouWeT
hey
+don’t +
verb in
infinitive
HeSheIt +verb in
infinitive
+”S”
HeSheIt +doesn’t
+verb in
infinitive
Keywords; often, always,
never, every (day, month,
year), usually, sometimes,
seldom, generally, normally,
on (mondays, tuesday,
wednesday…), irst....then…
Ex: I generally look for my
brother from school
Questions: WH+do (I, You, We,
They)/does (He, She, It)+Subject+Verb in
infinitive
3. 1. We use the present simple to express an action that is repeated or usual. It
can be a habit, routine, a scheduled event or a hobby.
Ex: I play hockey every Tuesday.
2. We use the present simple to express facts. It is also used to make
generalizations about people or things.
Ex: The sun rises in the east.
3. We use the present simple to express scheduled events in the near future.
Ex: The plane leaves tonight.
4. We use present simple to express a sequence of actions in the present
Ex: First I get up, then I have breakfast.
5. We use the present simple to express instructions
Ex: Open the box and take out the medicine.
Uses
4. 6. We use the present simple for headlines (newspapers)
Ex: Macri visits France
7. We use the present simple for narratives
Ex: At the beginning of the story a big spaceship comes to Earth.
8. We use the present simple for summaries.
Ex: 1945-England attacks Germany.
5. Present Continuous
Keywords;now, at
present, at
this/the moment,
any longer, still,
even now, any more,
no longer, always
Ex: At the present
I am doing a
cooking course
FormulaStructure;
Positive; Negative;
HeSheIt +is +verb + ING HeSheIt +isn’t + verb
in infinitive +
ING
I +am +verb + ING I +am not +
verb in
infinitive +
ING
YouWe
They
+are +verb + ING YouWe
They
+aren’t +
verb in
infinitive +
ING
Questions: WH+are (you, we,
they)/is (He, She, It)/am
(I)+Subject+Verb ING
6. Present Continuous
Uses;
1. We use the present continuous to express actions.
Ex: I am reading a book at the moment.
2. We use the present continuous to express processes/trends.
Ex: The number of accidents is growing.
3. We use the present continuous to express temporary actions.
Ex: My mother is working in Italy this month.
4. We use the present continuous to express annoyance.
Ex: I am forever picking up your clothes.
5. We use the present continuous for narratives (to describe
background scenes of the environment)
Ex: Peter enters and meets Jane. She is preparing dinner.
6. We use the present continuous to express plans fixed in the
near future.
Ex: She is going to Rome on Saturday.
7. Present Perfect Keywords;already,
yet, ever, never,
just, for, since,
so far, up to
now, not yet,
lately and
recently
Ex: I have just
eaten a
hamburger.
FormulaStructure;
Positive; Negative;
HeShe
It
+has +verb in
past
participle
HeSheIt +hasn’t
(has not)
+verb in
past
participle
IYouWe
They
+have +verb in
past
participle
IYouWe
They
+haven’t
(have not)
+verb in
past
participle
Questions: WH+Has(she,
he, it)/Have (I, you, we,
they)+ Subject+Verb in past
participle
8. 1. We use the present perfect to express an action in an
unspecific moment of the past with has results in the present.
Ex: I have cleaned my room (it is clean now).
2. We use the present perfect to express experiences.
Ex: I have been to Tokyo.
3. We use the present perfect to express a state beginning in the
past and still continuing.
Ex: I have known Catherine since 2009.
4. We use the present perfect to express actions that finished
recently.
Ex: I have just seen Lucy.
Present PerfectUses;
9. Present Perfect Continuous
Keywords;for, since, all day.
Ex: She has been in this school for 2 years
Positive; Negative;
HeSheIt has +been +verb+
ING
HeSheIt +hasn’t been +verb+
ING
IYouwe
they
have +been +verb+
ING
IYouwe
they
+haven’t been +verb+
ING
Questions: WH+has
(he, she,it)/have(I, you,
we, they)+ subject+
been+ verb in ING
10. Present Perfect ContinuousUses;
1. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in
the past and continued to the present (has a duration).
Ex: I have been living in London for two years.
2. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to express temporary habits or
situations.
Ex: I have been reading a lot recently.
3. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to express finished actions with a
duration.
Ex: I'm so tired, I have been studying.
