5. Differences between spoken language
and written language
Spoken Language Written Language
1 Less formal Mostly formal
2 Less precise More precise
3 Less sophisticated & eloquent More eloquent &
sophisticated
4 More communicative due to use of body
language
Less communicative
5 Abstract & disappears Stays on page/ does not
disappear
6 Stress & intonation add glamour to the
utterances
Punctuations are used to
show sentences
7 speaker uses body language , gestures and
expressions to support his communication
no visual support
8 Often lacks a logical sequence has a logical sequence
9 Uses general vocabulary & simple grammar Uses exact vocabulary &
precise grammar
6. Listening
Spoken language –
different text types Differences
1.) conversations
2.) stories
3.) announcements
4.) songs
5.) instructions
6.) lectures
7.) advertisements
Organization of language &
information
Grammatical patterns
range of vocabulary
(jargon)
Interaction patterns
No. of participants
Speed of speech
Accent
7. Features of connected speech –
a.) incomplete
sentences
b.) utterances
c.) hesitations
d.) sudden topic change
e.) simple grammar
f.) general vocabulary
g,) speed of delivery &
accent
h.) word and sentence
stress
8. Sub skills-
1. listening for gist / global
understanding –
listen to a text and understand the
general meaning of it, without paying
attention to specific details
2. specific information
3. intensive –
listening to focus on how language is
used in a text.
4. extensive –
Listening to long pieces of text, such
as stories or newspapers.
5. Infer attitude (of the speaker)
Sometimes, just let them listen and
enjoy without any assessment
9. Listening & the language teaching
classroom
Step 1 – Pre-teach key words Introductory
Activities
Step 2 - Pre-listening tasks
Step 3 – Focus on gist listening to establish context
Step 4 – Play the recording a second or a third time
Step 5 – Assessment tasks –
1. completion of tables
2. True/false
3. Ticking the correct answer the list
4. Ordering
5. Information Transfer
11. Steps
1. Introductory Activities –
- an introduction to the topic
- introduce key vocabulary
- encourage learners activate their knowledge of
the world
2. Main Activities – a series of listening activities based
on different listening sub skills ( general to specific)
3. Post task activities –
activities on how the topic is related to their lives /
their opinions, information transfer activities
12. Select an interesting listening material
List the steps you would follow in the teaching-
learning process.
