1. Recovery And Recycling of
Municipal Solid Waste

2. RECOVERY
Process to recover useful material from
mixed waste.
Material Recovery Facility are specialized
plants that receives, separates and
prepares recyclable materials for
marketing to end-user manufacturers.

3. Recycling
Definition
 Conservation
of resources by
converting them into new
product.

4. Recycling
Used, reused, or reclaimed.
Use of the material as a source raw
material, involves physical transformation
◦ Reused: The direct use or reuse of a
secondary material without prior
reclamation
◦ Reclaimed: regeneration of wastes or
recovery of usable materials from wastes
◦ Wastes are regenerated when they are
processed to remove contaminants in a
way that restores them to their usable
condition materials that must be
reclaimed/recycled prior to use or reuse .

5. Advantages of Recycling:
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Prevents the emission of many greenhouse gases
and water pollutants,
Saves energy,
Supplies valuable raw materials to industry,
Creates jobs,
Stimulates the development of greener
technologies,
Conserves resources for future, and
Reduces the need for new landfills and
combustors.

6. Specific Recycled
Items

7. Aluminum
This is the most recycled material in the
U.S. because of economy.
Making new aluminum cans from used
cans takes 95 percent less energy and
20 recycled cans can be made with the
energy needed to produce one can
using virgin ore.
Approximately 2/3 of cans are recycled
each year, saving 19 million barrels of
oil annually.
Aluminum foils are contaminated
hence not accepted.

8. Paper
U.S. currently recycles 49% of its paper and
paperboard.
Denmark, recycles about 97% of its paper.
USA export about 19% of recycled paper.
In India we produce 14.6 million tonnes of waste
paper out of which we recycle only 26%.
Recycling one short ton paper we save 17 full
grow trees, 26 m3 fresh water ,4100 kW-Hour of
energy and fuel equivalent to 3 year use of
average family.
Low grade paper is recycled to make
containerboard or corrugated containers.
High grade paper is de-inked and used again as

9. Recyclable Plastics

10. 1 - PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)
 PET
is used to make soft drink
bottles, peanut butter jars, etc.
 PET can be recycled into
fiberfill for sleeping bags,
carpet fibers, rope, and pillows.
 In recycling process it is
depolymerized to ethylene
glycol & Terephthalic acid
which are repolymerised to
quality resins.

11. 2 - HDPE (High-density
polyethylene)
 HDPE
is found in milk
jugs, butter tubs,
detergent bottles, and
motor oil bottles.
 HDPE can be recycled
into flowerpots,
trashcans, traffic barrier
cones, and detergent
bottles.

12. 3 - PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)
 PVC
is used in shampoo and
cooking oil bottles & fast-food
service items.
 Recycled products include
nonfood containers, shower
curtains, truck bed liners,
drainage pipes etc.

13. 4 - LDPE (Low-density
polyethylene)
 LDPE
is found in
grocery bags, bread
bags, shrink-wrap,
and margarine tub
tops.
 LDPE can be
recycled into new
grocery bags.

14. 5 - PP (Polypropylene)
 PP
is used in yogurt containers,
straws, pancake syrup bottles,
and bottle caps.
 PP can be recycled into plastic
lumber, car battery cases, and
manhole steps.

15. 6 - PS (Polystyrene)
 PS
is found in disposable hot cups,
packaging materials (peanuts), & meat
trays.
 PS can be recycled into plastic lumber,
cassette tape boxes, and flowerpots.

16. 7 - Other
 A mixture
of various
plastics, like squeeze ketchup
bottles & “microwaveable”
dishes.

17. Tires
 281
million replaced annually in
US. Only 15% is recycled.
 Recycling opportunities:
1.Rethreading and
remanufacturing
2.Tire derived fuel
3. Rubber modified asphalt for
pavement design.

18. Glass
U.S. recycles about 36% of its glass
containers.
 It costs less to recycle glass than to
make new glass.
 Mixed color glass “cullet” is used for
paving glassphalt, a glass/asphalt
mixture.
 May be used in building products such
as brick, ceramic and terrazzo tiles
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19. Lead Acid (Car Batteries)
 78-80
million batteries
consumed and replaced in US.
 90% recycled in US.
 After controlled crushing lead,
plastic and sulfuric acid are
separated for reuse.

20. Oil
 Huge
amount of waste oil is
produced as metal working oil,
hydraulic oil, lubricating oil and
engine crankcase oil.
 Can be used for burning in cement
industries , marine boilers etc.
 Must go to an automotive or
environmental company for
Reprocessing and re refining.

21. Electronic Waste:
E-waste consists of toxic and
hazardous waste such as PVC,
lead, mercury, and cadmium.
 The U.S. produces almost half of
the world's e-waste but only
recycles about 10% of it.
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Figure 22-4

22. Organic
Comprise over 1/2 of the solid waste
 Includes yard debris, wood
materials, bio-solids, food, manure and
agricultural residues, land clearing
debris, used paper, and mixed
municipal organic waste.
 May be used for composting or
methane generation.
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23. INDIAN SCENARIO
Recycling by means of repair, reprocessing, and reuse of
waste materials is a common practice in India. Waste is
accessible to waste pickers; they segregate it into
saleable materials such as paper, plastics, glasses, metal
pieces, textile, etc.
 Rag pickers segregate the wastes directly from the dumps
and bins with no precautions and they are exposed
directly to harmful wastes. The separated waste is sold to
a small waste dealer, from where the waste is transferred
to a medium sized dealer or wholesaler.
 All these activities are not regulated or monitored by any
governmental organisation. Due to this informal
segregation, volume reduction is achieved, while it
ignores social, economic, environmental, and health
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24. The complete flow diagram:
Source: IIED 1999, Informal Waste Management Recovery Process in India

25. Case Study:
The incredible coir: Coconut fire
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Demand for coir dwindling due to use of nylon ropes
and other substitutes.
Experts say coir, a natural fibre taken from the husk
of a coconut, strengthens roads and increases
longevity.
Coir absorbs all the moisture on the surface and
prevents the black topping and blue metal from
peeling off.
The initial cost is high but these roads have a longer
life.
The road will last at least five to six years more than
the conventional ones, said NIT-Trichy professor
Samson Mathew,who is coordinating with the state
rural development department for the initiative.
The Centre has asked governments of

26. The incredible coir: Coconut fibre
Road before ,during and after
construction
Source:Application of coir geotextile in Rural Roads, Central Coir Research Institute, Kerala

27. Problems Associated
 Recycling
does have
environmental costs.
 It uses energy and generates
pollution.
 Ex. the de-inking process in paper
recycling requires energy, and
produces a toxic sludge that
contains heavy metals.

28. Message:
Follow 5 R’s:
Refuse: to buy items that we really
don’t need.
 Reduce: consume less and live a
simpler and less stressful life by
practicing simplicity.
 Reuse: rely more on items that can
be used over and over.
 Repurpose: use something for
another purpose instead of throwing it
away.
 Recycle: paper, glass, cans,
plastics…and buy items made from
recycled materials.
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