1. PROJECT REPORT ON
PROPERTY DEALING
Submitted To:-
Er.Surbhi Sharma
(Assistant Professor CSE)
Submitted By:-
Anjali
Prabhdeep Kaur
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ANAND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
November, 2013
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Patience and preservation is the part and parcel to make fulfill any desired motto successfully.
Not only this two indispensable characters but also kind co-operation and zestful help are always
required by dint of which one can be able to reach hisher ultimate goal after passing through a
series of several incidents.
Likewise, we do have the pleasure to expose that we have completed our project successfully on
the topic “Online Shopping”. So, at the very first we deeply feel like expressing us in debtness
and gratitude to all concerned, unless whose help, valued suggestions and guidance, the
pursuance of the work would have not been possible.
In the beginning, we do express our heartfelt gratitude in deep humility to the Head of
Department, Mr. Rajeev Vasudeva who has provided us with all the facilities to conduct our
project work and immense co-operation and inspiration.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge and honor the contribution of Mrs. Surbhi Sharma,
Our Project Guide, who has guided us all along by her wise lead, suggestions and time worthy
interaction with us. Her essential guidance and whole hearted devotion really inspired us as well
as helped too in the fulfillment of our desired task.
I am obliged to all the staff members of Computer Science Department, for the valuable
information provided by them in their respective fields. I am grateful for their cooperation during
the period of my assignment.
Lastly, I thank almighty, my family and friends for their constant encouragement without which
this assignment would not be possible.
3. ABSTRACT
Our project “Property Dealing” is made in visual studio by using c# language under .net
framework. It is basically software which provides services of offering sale, purchase and lease
of plots, flats or bungalows in residential, commercial or industrial areas. The user can purchase,
sale or lease the property in the form of plots, semi-built or built form. This project is used in
property dealings that include commercial property dealings, residential property dealings,
industrial property dealing and plots, flats, bungalows etc. The whole information is saved in the
database which is created by using SQL server 2005. Only the Property Dealer can have control
over this software. This project is designed to save the data of all those persons who will hire,
lease or buy any kind of property like buildings, flats,plots etc. which will reduce manual work
and helps the dealer to save the records efficiently . This project is aimed at developing a
Property Dealer Software.. It provides the simplest, cheapest and an less time and energy
consuming way of Property Dealing.
4. Table of content
S.No. Topic Name Page No. Remarks
1. Introduction 5
2. Feasibility of project 6
3. Technology Used 7-12
4. Screenshots 13-58
5. Conclusion 59
6. Future Scope of project 60
5. INTRODUCTION
Title of the project:-
PROPERTY DEALING
Project objective:-
Property dealing project is a user friendly software developed in C# programming language as
front end and SQL server database as back end. This project is designed to save the data of all
those persons who will hire, lease or buy any kind of property like buildings, flats,plots etc.
which will reduce manual work and helps the dealer to save the records efficiently . This project
is aimed at developing a Property Dealer Software.. It provides the simplest, cheapest and an less
time and energy consuming way of Property Dealing.
In old days, the Property Dealer may have to keep records of the properties manually. This
method of keeping the records is quiet time consuming and less efficient. Also there are more
chances of mistakes by keeping the records manually as human beings are habitual of doing
mistakes. So with the help of this, Property Dealing Software, the chances of mistakes becomes
very few. Also it is very efficient method of keeping the records of properties sold as well as
unsold properties. It consumes very less time as compared to manual method.
The application is divided into three modules. The admin i.e. the Property Dealer itself handles
the whole software . He managed the database as well as all the records .
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
6. Statement Of User Needs
A main purpose of the product specification may be part of the product’s user. Sometimes, the
specification may be a part of a contact sign between the producer and the user. It could also
form part of the user manuals. A user’s needs are sometimes not clearly understood by the
developer. If this is the case, a careful analysis- involving much interaction with the user should
be developed to reaching a clear statement of requirements, in order to avoid possible
misunderstandings.
Sometimes, at the beginning of a project, even the user has no clear idea of what exactly the
desired product is. Think for instance of user interface, a user with no previous experience with
computer products may not appropriate the difference between, say menu driven interaction and
a command line interface. Even an exact formation of System functions and performance may be
missing an initial description produced by an inexperienced user.
In this project the main requirement is to keep all the records of the dealings which have been
done between the seller and the buyer with the help of property dealer.
Statement of the Requirements for the Implementation
Specifications are also used as a reference point during implementation. In fact, the ultimate goal
of the implementation is to build a product that needs specification. Thus the implementers use
specifications during design to make design decisions and during the verification activity to
check that the implementation compiles with specifications.
Determination of System Requirements
At the heart of systems analysis is a detailed understanding of all-important facets of the business
area under investigation. The key questions are:
What is being done?
How is it being done?
How frequently does it occur?
How great is the volume of transactions or decisions?
7. How well is the task being performed?
Does a problem exist?
If a problem exists, how serious is it? What is the underlying cause?
To answer the above questions, systems analysts discuss with different category of persons to
collect the facts about the business process and their opinions of why things happen as they do
and their views for changing the existing process. During analysis, data are collected on the
available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Some tools are
used in analysis like data flow diagrams, interviews, on-site observations and questionnaires.
Detail investigations also require the study of manuals and reports. Once the structured analysis
is completed, analyst has a firm understanding of what is to be done?
Specific Requirements:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1. PROCESSOR: Pentium 3 or higher
2. RAM: 512 MB or higher
3. HARD DISK SPACE: 80GB or higher
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1. FRAMEWORK -Net Framework 4.0
2. ENVIRONMENT-MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO.NET
4. DATABASE- SQL SERVER 2008
5. PLATFORM - Windows
8. Technology Used
Overview of the .NET Framework
The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application development in
the highly distributed environment of the Internet.
The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:
To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is
stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed remotely.
To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and
versioning conflicts.
To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution of code, including
code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of
scripted or interpreted environments.
To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of applications,
such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET
Framework can integrate with any other code.
The .NET Framework has two main components:
1. The Common language runtime
2. The .NET Framework class library.
9. Front End :- .Net C#
The .NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on
Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and provides language interoperability (each
language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages.
Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a software environment, known as the
Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that provides important
services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. The class library and
the CLR together constitute the .NET Framework.Visual C# .NET 4.0 is the next generation of
the C, C++ & C# languages from Microsoft. With Visual C#, you can build .NET applications,
including Web services and ASP.NET Web applications, quickly and easily. Applications made
with Visual C# are built on the services of the common language runtime and take advantage of
the .NET Framework.Visual C# has many new and improved features such as inheritance,
interfaces, and overloading that make it a more powerful object-oriented programming language.
Other new language features include free threading and structured exception handling. Visual C#
fully integrates the .NET Framework and the common language runtime, which together provide
language interoperability, garbage collection, enhanced security, and improved versioning
support. Visual C# supports single inheritance and creates Microsoft intermediate language
(MSIL) as input to native code compilers.
Common Language Run Time(CLR)
CLR is an application virtual machine that provides important services such as security, memory
management, and exception handling. Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a
software environment which is known as CLR. The application that run under the CLR are called
managed code. CLR is the foundation of the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as
an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory
management, thread management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other
forms of code accuracy that ensure security and robustness. In fact, the concept of code
management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known as
managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as unmanaged code. The
class library, the other main component of the .NET Framework, is a comprehensive, object-
10. oriented collection of reusable types that you can use to develop applications ranging from
traditional command-line or graphical user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on
the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services.The
.NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common language
runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed code, thereby creating a
software environment that can exploit both managed and unmanaged features. The .NET
Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also supports the development of third-
party runtime hosts.
Framework Class Library(FCL)
The Framework Class Library (FCL) is a standard library and one of two core components of
Microsoft .NET Framework. The FCL is a collection of reusable classes, interfaces and value
types. The Base Class Library is a part of FCL and provides the most fundamental functionality,
which includes classes in namespaces System, System.CodeDom, System.Collections,
System.Diagnostics, System.Globalization, System.IO, System.Resources and System.Text.The
.NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly integrate with the
common language runtime. The class library is object oriented, providing types from which your
own managed code can derive functionality. This not only makes the .NET Framework types
easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with learning new features of the .NET
Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate seamlessly with classes in the
.NET Framework.
For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set of interfaces that you can
use to develop your own collection classes. Your collection classes will blend seamlessly with
the classes in the .NET Framework.
As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET Framework types enable
you to accomplish a range of common programming tasks, including tasks such as string
management, data collection, database connectivity, and file access. In addition to these common
tasks, the class library includes types that support a variety of specialized development scenarios.
11. Common Language Specification(CLS)
To fully interact with other objects regardless of the language they were implemented in, objects
must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the languages they must
interoperate with. For this reason, the Common Language Specification (CLS), which is a set of
basic language features needed by many applications, has been defined.
CONSOLE IO OPERATIONS
In C# we are provided with standard input and output streams. Standard output streams are used to
display the data on the console screen. There are two Console output methods. Console.Write and
Console.WriteLine .These two methods are very similar. The main difference is that Console.
WriteLine appends a new line/carriage return pair to the end of the output, and Console.Write does
not.Standard Input stream is used to accept or read data.This standard input stream is supplied by
input methods of console class. There are two input methods Console.ReadLine() and
Console.Read().
Back End : - SQL Server 2005
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a
database, it is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested
by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another
computer across a network (including the Internet). SQL Server 2005 was released in October
2005. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. Common
Language Runtime (CLR) integration was introduced with this version, enabling one to write SQL
code as Managed Code by the CLR. SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing
algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005
to let it integrate with the .NET Framework.
12. Database model of Property Dealing
Retrieve
Provide Information
Fig 2.1
Propert Dealing
User
Login
Database
14. Following is a list of functionalities of the System, more functionality that you find appropriate
can be added to this list. And, in places where the description of functionality is not adequate,
you can make appropriate assumptions and proceed.
The features that are available to the Admin are:
An instructor acting as admin can register users
Login to the system and change his password after logging in
Can view the different categories of products available
Can view the information as well as modify the information
Flash the database after specific time period
The features available to the customer are:
Login to the system through the initial screen of the system.
Change the password after logging into the system.
Search the various products according to their requirements.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
15. A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on
organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources. The objective of a
feasibility study is not to solve a problem but to acquire a sense of its scope.
Steps in Feasibility Analysis
i. Form a project team and appoint a project leader.
ii. Prepare system flowcharts.
iii. Enumerate potential proposed systems.
iv. Define and identify characteristics of proposed system.
v. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effectiveness of each proposed system.
vi. Weight system performance and cost data.
vii. Select the best-proposed system.
viii. Prepare and report final project directive to management
Types of Feasibility
In the conduct of the feasibility study, the analyst will usually consider seven distinct, but inter-
related types of feasibility. They are:
1. Technical feasibility
2. Operational feasibility
3. Economic feasibility
4. Social feasibility
5. Management feasibility
6. Legal feasibility
7. Time feasibility
Economic Feasibility
16. Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new
system. The development cost for the development of the proposed system is genuine.Overall it
was conducted that the benefits outweigh the costs associated with the software. This project is
developed in visual studio 2008 which is not too much costly and is easily available. So, this
project is economically feasible. Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for
evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system. More commonly known as cost / benefit
analysis; the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a
proposed system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, a decision is taken to
design and implement the system.
Technical Feasibility
Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system. (Hardware/software) and to what
extent it can support the proposed addition. As this project is developed in Visual Studio under
.net framework which is very easily available. The organization already has sufficient high-end
machines to serve the processing requirements of the proposed system. So there is no need to
purchase new software as the organization has necessary software i.e. Visual Studio 2008,
MySQL server 2005 or hardware to support the proposed system. So, this project is technically
feasible. This is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will successfully satisfy
the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might
include:
The facility to produce outputs in a given time.
Response time under certain conditions.
Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed.
Facility to communicate data to distant location.
In examining technical feasibility, configuration of the system is given more importance than the
actual make of hardware. The configuration should give the complete picture about the system's
requirements: How many workstations are required, how these units are interconnected so that
they could operate and communicate smoothly. What speeds of input and out- put should be
achieved at particular quality of printing. This can be used as a basis for the tender document
17. against which dealers and manufacturers can later make their equipment bids. Specific hardware
and software products can then be evaluated keeping in view with the logical needs.
Behavioral Feasibility
People are inherently resistant to change and computers have been known to facilitate change.
There is always some reluctance among the users against the introduction of new system but they
were told that this system would eliminate the unnecessary overhead in the official dealings of
the property. No specialized training would be needed, only a few hours of instructed demo are
needed to use this project. Hence, the Project exhibits behavioral feasibility.
Operational Feasibility
It is mainly related to human organizational and political aspects. The points to be considered
are:
What changes will be brought with the system?
What organizational structures are disturbed?
What new skills will be required?
If not, can they be trained in due course of time?
Generally project will not be rejected simply because of operational infeasibility but such
considerations are likely to critically affect the nature and scope of the eventual recommends.
Social Feasibility
Social feasibility is a determination of whether a proposed project will be acceptable to the
people or not. This determination typically examines the probability of the project being
accepted by the group directly affected by the proposed system change.
Management Feasibility
It is a determination of whether a proposed project will be acceptable to management. If
management does not accept a project or gives a negligible support to it, the analyst will tend to
view the project as a non-feasible one.
18. Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility is a determination of whether a proposed project infringes on known Acts,
Statutes, as well as any pending legislation. Although in some instances the project might appear
sound, on closer investigation it may be found to infringe on several legal areas.
Time Feasibility
Time feasibility is a determination of whether a proposed project can be implemented fully
within a stipulated time frame. If a project takes too much time it is likely to be rejected.
19. DESIGN OF SYSTEM
The design of an information system produces the details that clearly describe how a system will
meet the requirements identified during systems analysis. Systems specialists often refer to this
stage as logical design, in contrast to the process of developing program software, which is
referred to as physical design. Systems analysts begin the design process by identifying reports
and other outputs system will produce. Then the specific data on each are pinpointed. The
systems design also describes the data to be input, calculated or stored. Individual data items and
calculation procedures are written in detail. Designers select file structures and storage devices,
such as magnetic disk, magnetic tape or even paper files. Procedures they write tell how to
process the data and produce the output. The documents containing the design specifications
portray the design in many different ways-charts, tables, and special symbols. The detailed
design information is passed on to the programming staff for the purpose of software
development. Designers are responsible for providing programmers with complete and clearly
out lined software specifications. This phase is the first step in moving from problem domain to
solution domain. In other words starting from what is needed,design takes us towards how to
specify needs.
Design phase is often divided into two separate phases:
System Design:In System design main focus is on what components are needed.
Detailed design:During detailed design focus is on specification of the internal logic for each of
the modules/components.
20. Database Design:
The overall objective in the development of the database technology has been to treat data as an
organizational resource and as an integrated whole. Database management system allows data to
be protected and organize separately from other resources. Database is an integrated collection of
data.
The databases are implemented using a DBMS package. Each particular DBMS has unique
characteristics and general techniques for Database Design.
The proposed Management Information System stores the information relevant for processing in
the Microsoft SQL Server Database. This MS SQL Server contains tables, where each table is
called a field or column. A table also contains records which is a set of fields. All records, in a
table the same set of fields with different information. Each table contains key fields that
establish relationships in a MS SQL server database and how the records are stored. There are
primary key fields that uniquely identify a record in a table. There are also fields that contain the
primary key from another table called foreign keys.A database design is a collection of stored
data organized in sucha way that the data requirements are satisfied by the database. The general
objective is to make information access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for the user. There
are also some specific objectives like controlled redundancy from failure, privacy, security and
performance. A collection of relative records make up a table. To design and store data to the
needed forms database tables are prepared. Two essential settings for a database are:
Primary key:- The field that is unique for all the record occurrences.
Foreign key:- The field used to set relation between tables. Normalization is a technique to
avoid redundancy in the tables.
Code Design:
When large volumes of data are being handled, it is important that the item be identified, stored
or selected easily and quickly. To accomplish this, each data item must have unique
identification and must be related to other items of the same type. Codes can provide brief
identification of each item, which replace longer description that would be more awkward to
store and manipulate.
21. The ability to interrupt codes, evaluate coding schemes and devices new or improved codes are
important skills for a system analyst. Common types of codes includes validation checks.
A common problem with computer system is that it is very easy to put incorrect data into them.
So the input data is validated to minimize errors and data entry.
A validation check is an automatic check made by computer to ensure that any data entered into
the computer is sensible. A validation check does not make sure that data has been entered
correctly.
Input Design:
The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises
developing specification and procedure for data preparation and those steps that are necessary to
put transaction data into a usable form for processing data entry. The activity of putting data into
the computer for processing can be achieved by instructing the computer to read data from a
written or printed document or it can occur by having people key data directly into the system.
The design of inputs focuses on controlling the amount of inputs required, controlling errors,
avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process simple.
Output Design:
Output design is a process that involves designing necessary outputs that should be given to
various users according to their requirements. Efficient, intelligible output design should
improve the system’s relationship with the user and help in decision making.
22. Dataflow diagrams of Project
Level 0
Sale Table
Purchase Table
Rent Table
Hire Table
Login Table
Student
Enrollment
System
Admin
24. Level 2:- Sale Table
1.3
Building Type
1.2
Land Type
Admin Sale Table
1.4
Area Type
1.1
Sale Id
1.5
Area (sqft)
1.9
Price Upper
1.6
Location
1.7
Landmark
1.8
Price Lower
1.11
Seller Address
1.12
Seller Contact
1.10
Seller Name
25. Level 2:- Purchase Table
1.3
Building Type
1.2
Land Type
Admin Purchase Table
1.4
Area Type
1.1
Purchase Id
1.5
Area (sqft)
1.9
Price Upper
1.6
Location
1.7
Landmark
1.8
Price Lower
1.11
Purchaser
Address
1.12
Purchaser Contact
1.10
Purchaser
Name
26. Level 2:- Rent Table
1.3
Building Type
1.2
Land Type
Admin Rent Table
1.4
Area Type
1.1
Rent Id
1.5
Area (sqft)
1.9
Price Upper
1.6
Location
1.7
Landmark
1.8
Price Lower
1.11
Owner Address
1.12
Owner Contact
1.10
Owner Name
27. Level 2:- Hire Table
1.3
Building Type
1.2
Land Type
Admin Hire Table
1.4
Area Type
1.1
Hire Id
1.5
Area (sqft)
1.9
Price Upper
1.6
Location
1.7
Landmark
1.8
Price Lower
1.11
Hirer Address
1.12
Hirer Contact
1.10
Hirer Name
28. Level 2:- Login Table
1.2
User Name
Admin Login Table
1.4
Sex
1.1
User Id
1.5
Password
1.9
Forgot
Answer
1.7
Confirm
Password
1.8
Forgot
Question
1.11
User Type
1.10
Date of Birth
29. Database Tables of the Project
Table 1.1 - Login table
Table 1.2- Sale table
32. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the process of having systems personnel check out and put new equipment
into use, train users, install the new application and construct any files of data needed to use it.
This phase is less creative than system design. Depending on the size of the organization that
will be involved in using the application and the risk involved in its use, systems developers may
choose to test the operation in only one area of the firm with only one or two persons.
Sometimes, they will run both old and new system in parallel way to compare the results. In still
other situations, system developers stop using the old system one day and start using the new one
the next.At this stage the work done so far should lead naturally to the system being
implemented in a real world environment. Any problems identified in the phase which came
immediately before this should now be resolved. Example: For all of the examples listed above,
and any other sites, software or systems, an SDLC, followed as a logical progression from step to
step, should ensure that, by the time the Implementation stage is reached, all problems have been
addressed.
41. TESTING
During systems testing, the system is used experimentally to ensure that the software does not
fail. In other words, we can say that it will run according to its specifications and in the way
users expect. Special test data are input for processing, and the results examined. A limited
number of users may be allowed to use the system so that analyst can see whether they try to use
it in unforeseen ways. It is desirable to discover any surprises before the organization
implements the system and depends on it.
The code is tested at various levels in software testing. Unit, system and user acceptance testings
are often performed. This is a grey area as many different opinions exist as to what the stages of
testing are and how much, if any iteration occurs. Iteration is not generally part of the waterfall
model, but usually some occur at this stage. In the testing the whole system is test one by one
Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with
information about the quality of the product or service under test, with respect to the context in
which it is intended to operate.
Software Testing also provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the
business to appreciate and understand the risks at implementation of the software. Test
techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with
the intent of finding software bugs. It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying
that a software program/application/product meets the business and technical requirements that
guided its design and development, so that it works as expected and can be implemented with the
same characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be
implemented at any time in the development process, however the most test effort is employed
after the requirements have been defined and coding process has been completed.
42. Unit Testing:-
The primary goal of unit testing is to take the smallest piece of testable software in the
application, isolate it from the remainder of the code, and determine whether it behaves exactly
as you expect. Each unit is tested separately before integrating them into modules to test the
interfaces between modules. Unit testing has proven its value in that a large percentage of defects
are identified during its use. Unit testing is a software verification and validation method where
the programmer gains confidence that individual units of source code are fit for use. A unit is the
smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming a unit may be an individual
program, function, procedure, etc., while in object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a
class, which may belong to a base/super class, abstract class or derived/child class. Ideally, each
test case is independent from the others: substitutes like method stubs, mock objects, fakes and
test harnesses can be used to assist testing a module in isolation. Unit tests are typically written
and run by software developers to ensure that code meets its design and behaves as intended. Its
implementation can vary from being very manual (pencil and paper) to being formalized as part
of build automation.
Integration Testing:-
Integration testing, also known as integration and testing (I&T), is a software development
process which program units are combined and tested as groups in multiple ways. In this context,
a unit is defined as the smallest testable part of an application. Integration testing can expose
problems with the interfaces among program components before trouble occurs in real-world
program execution. Integration testing is a component of Extreme Programming (XP), a
pragmatic method of software development that takes a meticulous approach to building a
product by means of continual testing and revision. There are two major ways of carrying out an
integration test, called the bottom-up method and the top-down method. Bottom-up integration
testing begins with unit testing, followed by tests of progressively higher-level combinations of
units called modules or builds. In top-down integration testing, the highest-level modules are
tested first and progressively lower-level modules are tested after that. In a comprehensive
software development environment, bottom-up testing is usually done first, followed by top-
down testing
43. EVALUATION & MAINTENANCE
Evaluation of the system is performed to identify its strengths and weaknesses. The actual
evaluation can occur along any of the following dimensions:
Operational Evaluation: Assessment of the manner in which the system functions, including
case of use, response time, overall reliability and level of utilization.
Organizational Impact: Identification and measurement of benefits to the organization in
such areas as financial concerns, operational efficiency and competitive impact.
User Manager Assessment Evaluation of the attitudes of senior and user manager within the
organization, as well as end-users.
Development Performance: Evaluation of the development process in accordance with such
yardsticks as overall development time and effort, conformance to budgets and standards and
other project management criteria.
Maintenance is necessary to eliminate errors in the working system during its working life and
to tune the system to any variations in its working environment often small system deficiencies
are found as a system is brought into operations and changes are made to remove them. System
planners must always plan for resource availability to carry out these maintenance functions. The
importance of maintenance is to continue to bring the new system to standards.
44. Conclusion
The development of the proposed system is done keeping in view the problems of agent i.e.
property dealer in the official dealings of properties. Typically a dealer buys the property from
one party and sells to another. Thus the dealer’s profit is the difference between the price he pays
to one party and the price he receives from another party for the same property. In short, the
dealers have a particular commission in it. Also there are Real estate agents who undertake a
diversity of activities related to the selling and leasing of residential and commercial property.
Many agents specialize in areas of practice such as residential sales, residential property
management, commercial and industrial leasing and sales, representing buyers, rural sales and
more. For this we have to pay them with heavy amounts.
With the use of this software, the property dealer does not need to store the records of dealings
into registers or papers. So, it becomes easier for him to keep the records for future references.
Also it becomes much easier to keep a record of properties which are being sold or which are not
sold yet. Thus this system saves time and is easier to use. Moreover, it is efficient software for
property dealers.
45. Future Scope
In future, a system may be developed which can be used online by the users who want to sale or
purchase properties. In such a system the users may deal directly with each other, they do not
need a property dealer as an intermediate. Also they are not supposed to go to the property dealer
for their deals; they can directly use the software online. Moreover the users do not need to pay
extra amounts as in case of a property dealer who helped in the deals, whatever amount the seller
needs, is paid by the purchaser. This saves money as well as time too. So, in future a lot of
manipulations can be done keeping in view the requirements of the users.
1. If the system works as an online system, it becomes more efficient as compared to the one
which is used offline only by a property dealer.
2. Such a system saves time as well as money of the users too.
3. There is no need of a property dealer as an intermediate between the seller and purchaser.
4. The seller and purchaser can contact directly to each other.
5. Enhance its features and increasing the number of services provided.
6. Implementing higher level of security.
46. References
Books
1. System Analysis and Design BY Elias M. Awad, Galgotia Publications.
2. Software Engineering By Roger S. Pressman, McGraw- Hill Publications.
Websites
1. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/default.aspx
2. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/nemework/default.aspx
