3. National Development
• National development is the capacity of a
society to meet the basic human needs of
its citizens and create conditions for all
individuals to reach their full potential.
4. Social Indicators
Social Indicators of National development
contains data for assessing human welfare to
provide a picture of the social effects of economic
development.
They are measures of an observable trait of a
social phenomenon, which help to establish the
value of a different unobservable trait of a social
phenomenon.
It translates unmeasurable social concepts (such
as good health) into operational terms (such as
death rates in specific age groups).
5. • Human Development Index (HDI):
HDI is a composite index focusing on three basic
dimensions of human development:
the ability to lead a long and healthy life, measured by
life expectancy at birth;
the ability to acquire knowledge, measured by mean
years of schooling and expected years of schooling;
the ability to achieve a decent standard of living,
measured by gross national income per capita.
6.
7. • Health: The population's state of health is a
reflection of the living environment; environmental
health and strenuous work also have their impacts on
health. Maintaining a good level of health is
important for the municipal economy.
8. • Life expectancy at birth: It is the number of years a
newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing
patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of
birth stay the same throughout the infant's life.
9. • Birth rate and Death rate: Birth rate is the number
of births per thousand of population.
Death rate refers to the number of deaths per
thousand of population.
• Infant mortality rate: Probability of dying between
birth and exactly age one expressed per thousand
live births.
• Maternal mortality rate: Number of deaths due to
pregnancy related causes per 100000 live births.
10. • Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI):
It shows the proportion of people who are
multidimensionally poor and the average
number of deprivations each poor person
experiences.
11. • Unemployment Rate: It is an indicator of both
supply of, and demand for, labour. If the rates of
unemployment are dropping, the country is
developing in a positive direction, and is a sign of
economic growth and stability.
12. • Literacy Ratio: It refers to the number of
literates as a percentage of the total population.
• Education: Through education, individuals
become specialists within specific areas and can
contribute skills and expertise to the economic
development.
13. • Sex ratio: It refers to the number of females per
1000 males.
• Gender Inequality Index: It presents a
composite measure of gender inequality using
three dimensions: reproductive health,
empowerment and the labour market.
14. • Gross Domestic Product: We obtain per capita
gross domestic product by dividing the total
value of goods and services produced within a
country or region by its total population.
• Income Inequality: It measures the extent to
which the distribution of income or
consumption among individuals or households
within an economy deviates from a perfectly
equal distribution.
15. Social Progress Index(SPI)
Social progress index measures the extent to
which social needs of citizens are being
fulfilled.
It measures social progress through the three
dimensions:
1. Basic Human Needs
2. Foundation Of Wellbeing
3. Opportunity Dimensions
16. • These are the pillars of SPI formed by aggregating
35 social indicators.
• The dimensions of the SPI reflect three distinct but
interrelated measures to quality of life.
• For each of the pillars there are four component.
These components reflect the broad areas that can
be captured with in pillar.
17. Basic Human Need Dimension
• This is the dimension to which most essential
conditions , the basic needs for survival are met.
• Basic Human Needs are divided into four components:
1 Nutrition and basic medical care
2 Water and sanitation
3 Shelter
4 Personal safety
18. Foundation Of Wellbeing
• This dimension of social progress captures the
degree to which a country has created the set of
policies and institutions to support improving
wellbeing of the community in a sustainable
natural environment.
• This dimension consists of 4 components:
1 Access to basic knowledge
2 Access to information and communications
3 Health and wellness
4 Ecosystem sustainability
19. Opportunity Dimension
• This dimension includes personal rights,
freedoms and inclusion and education.
• The opportunity dimension is divided into
four components:
1 Personal rights
2 Access to higher education and
employment
3 Personal freedom and choice
4 Equity and inclusion
20. Reference
• Human Development Indices and Indicators – United
Nations Development Programme
• National Progress Indicators for Sustainable Economic,
Social and Environmental Development- National
Economic and Social Council
• A Critical Analysis of Development Indices –
www.researchgate.net/publication/28643087
• https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/RichSaber/economic-
and-social-indicators-of-development
• Michael Carley & Eduardo Bustelo (1986) – Social
Indicators and Development, Project Appraisal, 1:4, 266-
268
DOI : 10.1080/02688867.1986.9726580
