1. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

2. WHAT ARE BARRIERS ???????????
Barriers are obstacles or
difficulties that come in the way
of communication
They may be –
•Physical
•Mechanical
•Psychological
•Cultural
•Linguistic
In the jargon of
communication,all barriers what
ever their nature are clubbed
under a common label –”NOISE”

3. PHYSICAL BARRIER
COMPETING STIMULUS
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS(high humidity and temp,
time and distance)
SUBJECTIVE STRESS(ill health , sleeplessness,
effects,moods and variations)
IGNORANCE OF THE MEDIA

5. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER
Each one of us has a certain frame of reference
Frame of reference refers to a kind of window through which
we look at the world ,at people, and events and situations.
It is a system of standards and values ,usually implicit
underlying and to some extent controlling an action or the
expression of any belief, attitude or idea.
No two individuals possess the same frame of reference and
this is found to be dependent to a large extent on our past
experiences ,cultural environment ,heredity etc

6. SELF IMAGE :refers to self concept or the way an individual
looks at himself.
Self images makes us always defend our point of view or
interpret messages in the way we wish to interpret.
We tend to listen attentively and interpret favorably those
messages which boost our self image and reject or misinterpret
messages which threaten the same image(COMMUNICATION
SELECTIVITY)
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION RETENTIVITY
:It is not only with regard to the sending and receiving of
messages that we are selective but also in the extent we
remember them.
We retain only that information that is only pleasant to us or
reinforces our ego and very conveniently forget details that are
unpleasant or humiliating.
We resist change in any form EXCEPT where we are convinced
it is our benefit

7. A person is defensive and fears change
Even when we are convinced we are wrong few of u s admit it ,as it means a
loss of face
More often we tend to rationalize the mistakes we make ,the attitudes and
opinions we hold so dear.
LINGUSITIC(SEMANTIC) AND CULTURAL BARRIER
A language is the expression of the thoughts and experiences of people in
terms of their cultural environment
Language facilitates understanding but there are times when it can be a
barrier to communication.
Lack of common language to communicate can create problems
Poor vocabulary and poor knowledge of grammar and punctuation can lead to
semantic barriers.

8. MECHANICAL BARRIER
Mechanical barrier are those raised by the channels
employed for interpersonal ,group and mass communication.
Channels become barriers when the messge is interfered with
some disturbance which
1.Increases the difficulty in reception
2.Prevented some of the elements of the message reaching it’s
destination or both.
The absence of communication facilities would also
constitute a barrier