A complete guide about blockchain technology, how to use it, and what are the applications for MSMEs.

1. Introduction to Blockchain and
applications for MSMEs

2. What is a Blockchain
• A Blockchain is fundamentally an immutable, distributed ledger.
• A mathematical structure for storing data in a way that is nearly impossible to fake. It can be used
for all kinds of valuable data.
• Using a Blockchain, participants can transfer value as simply as sending an SMS, entirely peer to
peer without the need for a central party to confirm the validity of the transaction.
• The first implementation of blockchain was in Bitcoin, where every “node” in the network has a copy
of the ledger, and “miners” solve a cryptographic puzzle to arrive at a single source of truth.
Reduced, time, increased data security, low transaction costs.

3. History of Blockchain
2009
Satoshi
nakamoto
invents
Bitcoin
2011-13
Transactions:
Copies of
Bitcoin
emerged like
Litecoin.
1990-early 2000
Distributed
computing
2004
Bit-Torrent, a
trial of
blockchain
backed gold
currency e-
gold
2014-15
Contracts: smart
contract platform
Ethereum invented,
consortium R3 was
formed by banks
2015-17
Hyperledger
invented for
creation of
only private
blockchains
2016-18
Applications
development
across use
cases
2019 onward
Widespread
blockchain
adoption
across
industries

4. What is a Blockchain

5. Types of Blockchains
Data Identity Crypto-
currency
Smart
contracts
Security
(scale of
1-5)
Speed Scalability Costs
Public Accessible
to everyone
anonymous Most of the time
yes
Most of the
time yes
5 3 3 Very very low
transaction
costs
Private Only
accessible
to the
participants
Revealed to
all
participants
No yes 3 5 5 Depends on
the context
Hybrid Certain data
is public
pseudonymo
us
Sometimes yes yes 4 4 4 Low
transaction
costs
Common Blockchain platforms:

6. Why use a Blockchain
Trust and Traceability:
• Blockchain enables “automated trust”, sharing sensitive data and seeing who has
viewed, and who has modified the data. This enables full traceability.
Contract management:
• Blockchain smart contracts enable automation of record keeping and record sharing.
• This means no more hundreds of pages of manual contracts, no more reconciliation of
invoices/goods receivables, no more manual signatures.
Data sharing:
• Data stored on a Blockchain cannot be tampered or changed.
• Digital certificates, digital signatures, tracing the history of a product before purchasing –
all of this can be done on a Blockchain based platform.

7. Why use a Blockchain

8. Where are Blockchains used
• Land records: Storing land records on a blockchain greatly reduces time, effort, and costs involved in land
transactions.
• Payments and billing: All inter-government department payments, invoicing, and contracts can be done on
a smart contract based platform.
• Trade: Trade finance for verified goods and managing free zone contracts.
• Security: Police departments can use blockchain to securely share information across departments.
Whatsapp/facebook are not secure systems to share sensitive data.
• Healthcare: Citizen healthcare records and transactions on a secure blockchain platform with specified
access controls.
• Logistics: Traceability of products coming into the municipality, and tracing produce from farm to folk,
tracing minerals up till export.
• Citizen benefits: Giving out citizen benefits, insurance, schemes all on a single platform enabling full trust
and transparency. Automating insurance claims, schemes using smart contracts.
• Certificates: Issuing birth, death, quality, metric based certificates on a blockchain platform ensures no
chances of counterfeiting.

10. Who are the major players in Blockchain ecosystem

11. How can you implement Blockchain
• Setting up the blockchain: Setting up number of nodes, block generation time, hosting
on cloud or on-site.
• User roles and permissions: Setting up user roles for different nodes and participants in
the system
• Smart contracts: Creating smart contracts on the blockchain for specific applications
such as tracing a product from source to shelf on a supply chain.
• Securing key management: Creating a safe place for storing private keys that are used
to sign transactions on a blockchain.
• Deployment: Deploying the blockchain across the departments that are going to be the
users of the blockchain.

12. Applications of Blockchain for MSMEs
Trade finance:
• The trade finance ecosystem is heavily dominated by paper processing with multiple
participants along the transaction lifecycle. Time taken for transactions, costs for each
transaction, and issues of data security plague international trade.
• With rising costs and operational risk, the industry has been seeking solutions to
simplify, better manage, and digitize trade, making it ripe for the benefits of blockchain
technology.
Supply chain financing:
• Financing invoices, financing against inventory, financing against goods receivables are
major problems for MSMEs. Blockchain can reduce time to verify invoices and inventory
through combining Blockchain traceability with Goods Receivables, POs, invoices.
• Knowing the authenticity of the product location data + product quality + supplier
credentials can greatly help in speeding up the process of supply chain financing.

13. Applications of Blockchain for MSMEs
Contract management:
• Blockchain can be used to create, check and enforce contracts between users, would
be suppliers, clients, and customers.
• Whether it be invoicing, settling interest fees, creating insurance policies, handling
fulfilment of inventory, smart contracts can make the contracting process much more
efficient, especially if there are more than two parties involved in a transaction.
Traceability:
• Tracing a product across the supply chain is paramount to ensure on-time payments,
product quality, and timely deliveries.
• Traceability is required at every level, from product imaging, videos showing products
being loaded, products monitored using sensors.

14. Applications of Blockchain for MSMEs
Loyalty points:
• Retailers can give out brand specific and retail specific loyalty points to customers.
Customers can then trade these points on a secondary market, which leads to
additional marketing for the product.
Copyright and IP:
• Potential copyright of a hardware or software product can be created on a blockchain
smart contract, with tracking of who has used, with payments happening directly over
the blockchain. - https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/06/is-there-potential-for-blockchain-in-
copyright-and-licensing-applications/
Data sharing:
• Share your customers’ data securely. More recently, with MeitY in India launching a
challenge to create a zoom alternative, a Blockchain is perfect to facilitate a p2p version
of zoom with no data privacy issues.

15. Applications of Blockchain for MSMEs
Warranty management:
• Warranty of products can be tracked, and a digital clone of the product can be created
on Blockchain.
• Easy warranty based redemption of the product, with smart contracts between the
retailers, dealers, the OEM would provide high efficiency in the reverse supply chain.
Supply chain financing + traceability + contract management + payments + warranty
management = e-commerce platform for all SMEs across India -
https://www.sentinelassam.com/business/niti-aayog-weighs-integrating-all-smes-on-e-
commerce-platforms/.

16. Applications of Blockchain Matrix
Fields of work Trade
finance
Supply chain
financing
Contract
management
Traceability Loyalty
points
Restaurants
Retail
Traders
Travel/tourism
Hospitality

17. Applications of Blockchain for Matrix
Fields of
work
Trade
finance
Supply
chain
financing
Contract
management
Traceability Loyalty
points
warranty
management
Copyright
and IP
Data
sharing
Software
development
Creative arts
Automobile
manufacturing
Healthcare
equipment
manufacturing
Real estate

18. Our products
SHINE – Traceability for the Metals industry:
• A Blockchain traceability solution for the forward supply chain to track any product from source to
shelf. SHINE is also a real time audit solution for the reverse supply chain to enable audit of the
recycling process for plastics and metals.
Sheo – a Neobank on Blockchain:
• We are launching a Blockchain powered NeoBank that can be easily integrated with any bank’s
infrastructure to provide a fully rounded financial experience for SME’s and startups. Sheo combines
the simplicity of e-commerce with the security of trusted banks and Blockchain to provide a new
banking experience for SMEs, startups, and individuals.
Murmur – Detect fake news through AI and Blockchain:
• A platform to detect fake news on social media. We have created a browser extension as well as an
app that helps people detect fake news. We use Blockchain technology to trace the origin of a news
item, and we use AI for our model to learn based on user feedback.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTnImAIadoE

19. Our products
Fields of work Sheo – Neobank
on Blockchain
SHINE - supply chain
traceability
Murmur – secure data
sharing
Retail, F&B
Traders
Digital content/social media
Manufacturing
Hospitality

20. Busting Blockchain myths
Blockchains consume large amounts of power.
Answer: Only public blockchains based on a proof of work mechanism consume a lot of
power, eg: Bitcoin. Private Blockchain platforms are in fact much more economical than
traditional systems because the extra security of traditional system is not needed since
Blockchain is already secure.
Blockchain databases become too large and difficult to scale.
Answer: In a private Blockchain setting, Blockchains are highly scalable at a fraction of the
cost of a traditional database since they do not need any complex security systems.
Blockchains are slow.
Answer: Blockchain is a fast growing technology, with latest public blockchain transaction
speeds hitting upto 4000tps.

21. Questions?
Contact:
Email: Abhinav@chainflux.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/abhinav-ramesh-2400b322/

22. Thank you