Renewable Energy Technology (Midterm Presentation)

1. SUB:-RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
SEC:-[A]
MID TERM PRESENTATION
on
“BIO-FUEL”

2. Prepared For
AHMED MORTUZA SALEQUE
Faculty of EEE Department
Group members :- GROUP #03
Name ID
KABIR, SHARIF RAIHAN 12-21365-2
TURASH, TASNEEM AHMED 12-21072-1
JUBYER, KAZI MD. 12-22063-2
ALAM, MIM SHAH NEWAJ 12-21951-2
SARKER, MD. AZAZUL HAQ 12-21448-2
RAHMAN, MD. NAHID 12-21770-2
Prepared by : kabir, sharif raihan
ID: 12-21365-2

3. FUELS
• Fuels are any materials that store potential energy in
forms which can be practicably released and used
as heat energy.
• Fuels are required for a variety of purposes, but are
utilized mainly for..
o Transportation and
o Power Generation .

4. WHAT IS BIO FUEL?
• Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from organic
matter (living or once living material) in a short
period of time (days, weeks, or even months) is
considered as Biofuel.
• Bio fuels energy is derived from biological carbon
fixation.
• Bio fuels include fuels derived from biomass
conversion as well as solid biomass, liquidfuel .

5. COMMON EXAMPLES OF BIO-FUELS
ETHANOL
VEGETABLE OIL
ANIMAL FATS
GREEN DIESEL
COW DUNG etc.

6. WHY BIO-FUEL ?
• Environment Aspect :
 Renewable, Sustainable
 Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 Cleanly Burning
• Socio-economic Aspect :
 Increasing Energy Security
 Boosting Profitability of Agriculture
 Controlling Wastes

7. HOW BIO-FUEL CAN BE PRODUCED?

8. CLASSIFICATION OF BIO-FUEL
 FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS
 SECOND GENERATION BIO-
FUELS

9. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS
• They are also called as conventional bio-fuel.
• The first generation biofuels refer to the fuels that have been
derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and
vegetable oil. The oil is obtained using the conventional
techniques of production
 FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS ARE:
i. BIO-DIESEL
ii. GREEN-DIESEL
iii. BIO-ETHERS
iv. BIO-GAS
v. SYN-GAS

10. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.
• BIO-DIESEL:
 Alternative fuel for diesel engines
 Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
 Meets health effect testing (CAA)
 Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F)
 Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
 This is mostly used in European countries
 It is mineral acid and chemically known as fatty acid methyl
 It is very commonly used when it is mixed with mineral oil

11. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.
• GREEN-DIESEL:
 It is also called as renewable diesel.
 It is a form of diesel fuel which is derived from renewable
feedstock rather than the fossil.
 Green diesel feedstock can be sourced from a variety
of oils including canola, algae, jatropha and salicornia in
addition to tallow
 “Green Diesel” as commonly known in Ireland should not be
confused with dyed green diesel sold at a lower tax rate for
agriculture purposes, using the dye allows custom officers to
determine if a person is using the cheaper diesel in higher
taxed applications such as commercial haulage or cars.

12. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.
• BIO-ETHERS:
 They are also called as oxygenated fuel, cost efficiency and act
as octane rating enhancers.
 They reduce engine wear and toxic exhaust emissions.
 Greatly reducing amount of ground level ozone.
Fig: Bio-ether lab

13. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.
• BIO-GAS:
 It is methane produce by the anarobic Digestion of anerobes.
 It can be produced either from biodegradable Waste materals
are by the use of energy crop Fed into anerobic disasters.
 Biogas can be recovered from mec. biological treatment waste
processing systems.
 Farmers can produce biogas from manure from their cows by
using an anaerobic digester

14. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.

15. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.
• Syn-gas:
 It is a gas that is produced after the combined process of combustion,
gasification and pyrolysis.
 Biofuel used in this process is converted into carbon monoxide and then
into energy by pyrolysis.
 In this process materials are converted into carbon monoxide and
hydrogen.
 the resultant syn-gas can be used in various purposes.
Fig: Syn-gas while forming

16. SECOND GENERATION BIO-FUELS:
 Second generation bio-fuels are bio-fuels produced from
sustainable feedstock.
 Sustainability of a feedstock is defined among others by
availability of the feedstock, impact on GHG emissions
and impact on biodiversity and land use.
EXAMPLES OF SECOND GENERATION BIO-FUELS:
 Many second generation biofuels are under development
such as Cellulose ethanol, algae fuel, bio hydrogen,
bioethanol, bioethanol, DMF, Bio DMF, Fisher tropism diesel,
bio hydrogen diesel, mixed alcohols and wood diesel.

17. SECOND GENERATION BIO-FUELS:
• BIOFUEL PRODUCTION:
 There are various social, economic, environmental and
technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have
been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals.
• Bioethanol conventional production –
 Bioethanol is the most common biofuel, accounting for more than 90% of
total biofuel usage. Conventional production is a well known process
based on enzymatic conversion of starchy biomass into sugars, and/or
fermentation of 6-carbon sugars with final distillation of ethanol to fuel
grade. Ethanol can be produced from many feedstock's, including cereal
crops, corn (maize), sugar cane, sugar beets, potatoes, sorghum, cassava.
Coproducts (e.g. animal feed) help reduce production cost. If sugar cane is
used, conversion into sugar is easier. Crushed stalk (bagasse) can be used
to provide heat and power for the process and for other energy
applications. The world’s largest producers of bio-ethanol are Brazil (sugar-
cane ethanol) and the United States (corn ethanol). Ethanol is used in low
5%-10% blends with gasoline (E5, E10) but also as E-85 in flex-fuel
vehicles. In Brazil, gasoline must contain a minimum of 22% bioethanol.

18. CURRENT STATE OF BIO-FUEL
• 14.3% of the US corn harvest was used to produce ethanol annually
Energetically equivalent to 1.72% of US gasoline use (2005).
• 1.5% of the US soybean harvest produced biodiesel annually 0.09% of US
diesel use (2005).
• India, Indonesia, Malaysia and China are producing biodiesel successfully from
Jatropha curcus and oil palm.
• Green diesel is a form of diesel fuel which is derived from renewable feedstock
rather than the fossil feedstock become much popular Ireland

19. BIO-FUEL IN ASPECT OF BANGLADESH
• Bangladesh annually imports about 3.5 million tons of different fuel
oils.
• 1.45 million tons diesel, 380 tons kerosene,
• 1.3 million tons are crude oil,
• 215 tons jet fuel and 155,000 tons petrol and octane .
• According to a report, “In the 2007/2008 fiscal year, Bangladesh
needs $4.5 billion for oil imports and repayments of BPC's loans,
compared with $3.2 billion in the previous year.” The transportation
sector (road, rail, river and air) in Bangladesh consumes
approximately 50% of the petroleum imports. If 10% of the diesel
and gasoline can be replaced with biodiesel and ethanol, significant
amount of hard earned foreign currency can be solved.

20. BIO-FUEL IN ASPECT OF BANGLADESH contt.
• We have some native plants which grow well in the fallow lands and also
can play a major role when converted to biodiesel or directly used as a
source of alternative fossil fuel .
• There are many other indigenous plant seeds available in Bangladesh and
these should be investigate for there potentiality to produce oil.

21. DRAWBACKS
• Biofuels, particularly those derived from palm biodiesel blends, may be more
carcinogenic than conventional fuels.
• Bio-fuels Isn’t truly carbon‐neutral because of the stages of production,
transportation and processing require nonrenewable energy.
• Fermentation and distilling of first generation Biofuels create negative net energy.
• Threat to food security in poor countries.
• May destroy traditional crop production

22. FUTURE OF BIO-FUEL
• Economically feasible production of ethanol from cellulose could happen within
10 years.
• Safe and pollution less Bio-fuel Factory will be constructed
• Improved and efficient bio-gas plant will be invented
• New and less costly Energy source will take place.
• Food Security will be regained.
• Fuel and food price will decrease.

23. DISADVANTAGES OF BIO-FUEL
• Disadvantages of using biodiesel produced from agricultural crops
involve additional land use, as land area is taken up and various
agricultural inputs with their environmental effects are inevitable.
Switching to biodiesel on a large scale requires considerable use of
our arable area.
• Transportation & storage of biodiesel require special management.
Some properties of biodiesel make it undesirable for use at high
concentrations. For example, pure biodiesel doesn't flow well at
low temperatures, which can cause problems for customers with
outdoor storage tanks in colder climates. A related disadvantage is
that biodiesel, because of its nature, can’t be transported in
pipelines. It has to be transported by truck or rail, which increases
the cost.
• Biodiesel is less suitable for use in low temperatures, than petrol
diesel.

24. TERMINATION!
• The developed countries are investigating significant amount of
resources to develop sustainable renewable energy. Though the
solution taken by some specific countries is not the recipe for all
other countries but, developing countries should start formulating
policies to tap into the developed technologies at an early stage. In
particular they should leverage their position with respect to green
house gas and global warming. There is no need to reinvent the
wheel of Biofuels in every country.
• Bangladesh should and must explore all possible avenues to provide
renewable energy to its current and future citizens; this is not only
good for the environment of the country, it makes economic sense
to rely on one’s natural resources.

25. REFERENCES
[1] www.google.com/question _renewable/
[2] www.geni.org/
[3] www.energypedia.info/
[4] www.eschooltoday.com/

26. ANY QUARIES
For further information email: join2sharif@gmail.com

27. For further information email: join2sharif@gmail.com