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2. LITHOSPHERE
- lithos for "rocky“
- Sphaira for “sphere”
- The outermost shell of a
rocky planet defined on the basis
of the mechanical properties.

3. THE LITHOSPHERE IS SOLID AND HARD
BECAUSE IT IS MADE OF ROCKS.
ROCKS MAY BE COMPOSED OF A
SINGLE MINERAL OR GROUP OF
MINERALS.

4. ROCKS
ROCKS ARE HARD AND SOLID. THESE
PROPERTIES MAINTAIN THE SHAPE
OF THE EARTH DESPIRE THE
MULTITUDE OF FORCES ACTING ON
IT.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
 GRANITE
 RHYOLITE
 SCORIA
 ANDESITE
 OBSIDIAN
 GABBRO
 BASALT

7. IGNEOUS ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED FROM
MOLTEN MATERIALS CALLED
MAGMA THAT CRYSTALLIZE FOR A
LONG PERIOD OF TIME.

8. TYPES OF IGNEOUS
ROCKS

9. GRANITE ROCKS
 It is composed of four minerals: quartz,
feldspar, amphibole, and mica. It is light
in color and phaneritic in texture.

10. RHYOLITE ROCKS
The fine-grained equivalent of granite.
Light gray to pinkish in color.

11. SCORIA ROCKS
Volcanic rock is composed of many holes.
The holes are formed when gases
escape as magma solidifies.

12. ANDESITE ROCKS
Porphytic igneous rock is abundant at the
base of the Andes Mountain Ranges.

13. OBSIDIAN rocks
IGNEOUS ROCK APPEARING AS A
CHUNK OF SYNTHETIC GLASS.

14. GABBRO rocks
Dark, coarse grained equivalent of basalt

15. BASALT rocks
Dark in color, fine grained, hard and
denser than granite, this rock forms the
ocean floor.

16. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary rocks are
formed from small particles
like weathering and
erosion.

17. TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

18. SANDSTONE
Sandstone is part of the sedimentary rock
family. Quartz is what sandstone is
made up of. They are made, when the
wind or water, moves the sand in.

19. CONGLOMERATE ROCKS
It is a rock consisting of
individual clasts within a finer-
grained matrix that have become
cemented together.

20. SHALE ROCKS
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary
rock composed of mud that is a mix of
flakes of clay minerals and tiny
fragments (silt-sized particles) of other
minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

21. LIMESTONE ROCKS
It is composed largely of
the minerals calcite and aragonite,
which are different crystal
forms of calcium carbonate.

22. LIGNITE ROCKS
is a soft brown combustible sedimentary
rock that is formed from naturally
compressed peat.

23. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE ROCKS
THAT CHEMICALLY CHANGED IN
FORM, STRUCTURE, AND
COMPOSITION UNDER GREAT HEAT
AND PRESSURE.

24. TYPES OF METAMORPHIC
ROCKS

25. GNEISS ROCKS
a common and widely distributed type
of rock formed by high-grade
regional metamorphic processes from
pre-existing formations that were
originally either igneous or sedimentary
rocks.

26. SLATE ROCKS
fine-grained, foliated,
homogeneous metamorphic rock derived
from an original shale-type sedimentary
rock composed of clay or volcanic
ash through low-grade
regional metamorphism.

27. MARBLE ROCKS
a non-foliated metamorphic
rock composed of recrystallized
carbonate minerals, most
commonly calcite or dolomite.

28. ANTHRACITE ROCKS
a hard, compact variety of
mineral coal that has a highluster. It has
the highest carbon content, the fewest
impurities, and the highest calorific
content of all types of coal.