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AfroExperGrAwaken_Hist657
- 1. The African American Experience in the Second Great Awakening: Northern Reformism and Southern Traditionalism
- 2. Black People’s Prayer Meeting
- 7. Reverend Henry Highland Garnet, minister of Liberty Street Presbyterian Church, Troy, New York. As an abolitionist Garnet published The Clarion.
- 9. The Pennsylvania Abolition Society
- 11. Radical Abolitionist Horace Greeley with William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator.
- 12. Northern Literal Reform Theologians: Albert Barnes and Henry Ward Beecher
- 18. Religious Training in Southern Traditionalism
- 24. Linda Brent
- 27. The American Civil War Virginian African American teamsters pose near a Confederate signal tower. African American dock workers in my home town Alexandria, Virginia under federal occupation.
- 28. Frederick Douglass Appealing to President Lincoln
- 31. The Great Exodus
- 33. Colored Band Play Songs of Victory
- 37. Carrying the Torch of Activism
- 39. Mother Emmanuel A.M.E. Charleston, South Carolina
Hinweis der Redaktion
- "Plantation Burial" John Antrobus. The Historic New Orleans Collection, The Bridgeman Art Library. Mark Galli, The Inconceivable Start of African American Christianity,” Christianity Today, February 21, 2014. http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/february-web-only/inconceivable-start-of-african-american-christianity.html. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Black People’s Prayer Meeting by John Lewis Krimmel depicts a Methodist service in Philadelphia, circa 1811. Laurie Maffly-Kipp, “African American Christianity, Part I: To the Civil War,” University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Humanities Center. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/aarprayermeetlg.htm. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Bishop Richard Allen, presided over First national Black convention at the Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church in Philadelphia. “The Argument Against Colonization,” 1827. http://www.cliveden.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Richard-Allen529e3119cd701-687x1024.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- John B. Russwurm published the first Black newspaper and wrote “The Argument For Colonization,” 1829. http://www.portlandmonthly.com/portmag/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Voice-of-America.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- A Broad Array of Abolitionists from the Nineteenth Century. http://americanabolitionist.liberalarts.iupui.edu/biogra1.gif
- In Black Republicanism, David Walker’s Appeal from Boston, Massachusetts resonated the clarion call for justice.
- http://www.dos.ny.gov/amistad. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/aareligionb.htm. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Abolition Movement, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Members of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society (William Lloyd Garrison seated bottom right). The society used speeches, pamphlets, and newspapers to crusade the immediate abolition of slavery. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3048900008&v=2.1&u=bonn59103&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=03221f12d57b0cdca163d816d56fefba. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- The Freedom Speech of Wendell Phillips: Faneuil Hall, December 8, 1837. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2534404W/The_freedom_speech_of_Wendell_Phillips. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Albert Barnes. http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/14/132514-004-31C5D68F.jpg. Henry Ward Beecher, ca. 1855-65 – Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://connecticuthistory.org/henry-ward-beecher-a-preacher-with-political-clout/#sthash.B3NPD1a8.dpuf. [Accessed June 20, 2015]. An 1863 broadside on the “Inconsistency of the ‘War Christians,’” Connecticut Historical Society and Connecticut History Online. http://connecticuthistory.org/henry-ward-beecher-a-preacher-with-political-clout/#sthash.sKMoGA6n.dpuf.
- The theatrical abolitionist, Henry Ward Beecher was selling a slave girl during a church service in order to buy her freedom. http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1206.htm. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Reynolds Political Map of the United States, designed to exhibit the comparative Area of the free and slave states New York and Chicago, 1856, Library of Congress. The African American Mosaic: Conflict of Abolition and Slavery. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/reynomap.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- The Reverend Doctor Charles Colcock Jones (1804-1863) Presbyterian minister from Georgia http://www.thisday.pcahistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/jonesCC.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- James Henley Thornwell http://gptsnews.gpts.edu/2013/01/presbyterian-church-history-course-and_7.html. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Phrenological Chart on Types of Mankind. Ethnological research from the papers of Samuel George Morton, L. L. Agassiz, W. Usher, M. D., H. S. Patterson, M. D., and Josiah Clark Nott.
- http://www.informafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Church-slavery.jpg.
- Sojourner Truth. http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server5400/tiahp85/products/32/images/510/sojourner__02875.1351787222.1280.1280.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Women in Worship.
- Julia A. J. Foote http://southernreligion7.weebly.com/female-clergy.html. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Linda Brent (Harriet Jacobs). http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/JACOBS/hjhome.htm. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. http://nmaahc.si.edu. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Dred Scott and an article on his descendants. "Who Was Dred Scott?" portrait of Dred Scott descendants, Your St. Louis and Mine (1937). Courtesy of St. Louis University Archives, Nathan B. Young Collection.
- Kevin M. Levin, “What Black ‘Confederates’ Really Did During the War,” The Atlantic, February 21, 2012. http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/02/what-black-confederates-really-did-during-the-war/253380. In actuality those individuals who were impressed were body servants during the war which translated in being a legally owned slave. Southern Slavery. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/southern-slavery.htm.
- “Frederick Douglass Appealing to President Lincoln” for the enlistment of Negro soldiers into the war, by William Edouard Scott, 1943. http://lincolncottage.org/douglass-valentines. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- http://publications.newberry.org/lincoln/archive/fullsize/ln0104_i52525_5200382177.jpg.
- Watch Night Service to bring in the New Year and receive newly acquired freedom at 12:00 midnight, January 1, 1863. Charyn D. Sutton, Black Star Journal, Chicago, 2015. http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/11/13/24/2405682/5/628x471.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- Fugitive African Americans fording Virginia’s Rappahannock River to reach Union lines. Photograph taken in the main eastern theater of war during second battle of Bull Run, August 1862. Timothy O’Sullivan, “African American Odyssey: The Civil War.” http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart4.html#0404. [Accessed June 20, 2015].
- http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/06/140619_POL_Juneteenth.jpg.CROP.promo-mediumlarge.jpg.
- 107th U.S. Colored Infantry Band at Fort Corcoran, Arlington, Virginia, November 1865.
- http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/images/aarrevival2.jpg.
- “Old Slave Day,” The Pilot, Southern Pines, North Carolina, November 23, 1934. http://blogs.lib.unc.edu/ncm/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/oldlsaveday1.jpg. [Accessed June 20, 2015]. Civil War Amendments. http://www1.nickmalik.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/civilwaramendments.jpg.
- The hymnist and reform evangelical, Reverend Charles Albert Tindley, was the pastor of Tindley Temple United Methodist Church which had its roots in the 1830s as the Bainbridge Street Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. W.E.B. DuBois included the congregation in his sociological studies of the 1890s. http://www.dubois-theward.org/history/congregations/tindley-temple. [Accessed June 20, 2015]. Campbell pictured with Roy Wilkins of the NAACP. http://memphismusichalloffame.com/img/inductees/lc/clipping.png.
- George E. C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall, and James M. Nabrit celebrating the Brown decision. New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Background effect: Danville Newspaper http://blog.encyclopediavirginia.org/files/2011/05/danvile_front.page_.jpg.
- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. seated center awaiting introduction at the Emanuel A.M.E. Church, Charleston, South Carolina. Photograph: The King Center. The Guardian, “Charleston Shooting Church has Rich History From Slave Revolts to Civil Rights,” Thursday 18 June 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/18/charleston-church-shooting-civil-rights-legacy-south-carolina. [Accessed June 20, 2015]. Background: In 1818 Mother Emanuel A.M.E. Church of Charleston, South Carolina was birth out of evangelical reform and would experience the insurrection of one of its founders, Denmark Vesey. The above wooden structure was built in 1865 and rebuilt in 1872 to be demolished by an earthquake in 1886.
- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. posed with Malcolm X. http://kwanzaaguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/martin-luther-king-and-malcolm-x1.jpg. Background: Evansville Courier. http://mediaassets.courierpress.com/photo/2014/07/17/402686_6882675_ver1.0_640_480.JPG.