The document discusses strategies for preventing substance abuse and dependency. It outlines several symptoms of substance abuse and dependency according to the DSM-IV-TR, including impaired control over substance use and social/interpersonal problems from use. The most important prevention strategies discussed are early education programs in schools to teach youth about risks and support programs for parents. Effective treatment options include individual counseling, group therapy, outpatient programs, and short or long-term residential care.
2. Reoccurring substance use in situations in which it causes
harm to self or others
Those with substance abuse often exhibit a pattern of harmful use
of any substance for the purpose of its mood altering effects.
Substance abuse is usually manifested through a pattern of use
that leads to impairment or distress. The most common symptoms
or indications of those who have substance abuse may show one
or more of the following within a twelve month period:
Prevention Strategies for Dependency 2
According to the DSM-IV-TR:
Continued substance use despite having persistent or
frequent social or problems caused by or as a result by the
effects of the substance
Continuous and recurrent substance-related legal problems
Individuals with Substance Abuse often
exhibit one or more of the following:
(American Psychiatric Association, 2000)
3. An individual with substance dependence has a pattern
of reoccurring substance abuse and has a failure to fulfill
any or major obligations at work, or at home.
Prevention Strategies for Dependency 3
Recurrent substance use in situations in
which it is physically hazardous
Recurrent substance-related legal problems
continued substance use despite having persistent or
recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or
exacerbated by the effects of the substance
Tolerance to substance in that it takes more
product to experience euphoria
Physical withdrawal in which the âhostâ experiences
negative health from not taking substance: night sweats,
tremors, nausea, palpitations, muscle tension.
According to the DSM-IV-TR:
Individuals with A Substance Dependency will
often exhibit one or more of the following:
(American Psychiatric Association, 2000)
4. What is Polypharmacology?
Prevention Strategies for Dependency 6
Taking One Drug To âEnhanceâ Another
Mixing Drugs To Mask the Effects of The Other
Enhancing a euphoric state by mixing two drugs
Often substance abusers often will practice taking a second drug
to counter react the effects of the first drug [Argosy online, 2013].
This is a dangerous practice as the consequences of such
practices usually bring harm to the individual with potential to
leading to serious long term illness or death as a result of abuse.
6. 6
(;
Prevention Strategies for Dependency 7
Essentially the best treatment plan would include what
is in the best interest for the individual who is needing
help for their substance abuse or dependency.
Factors that will determine care will require a support
system of medical personnel to work with the
individual or family to best determine success.
7. The most important concentration of helping someone with
substance issues to address and provide the following criteria:
âą DETOXIFICATION | he or she will need time to detox
âą WITHDRAWAL ISSUES| Potential of extreme side effects
âą EMOTIONAL SUPPORT | Needs for human interaction
âą BASIC NEEDS| Focus on health and well being
âą FOCUS ON POSTIVE THINKING
âą PROMOTE LONG TERM SUCCESS
Prevention Strategies for Dependency 8
8. Individual
Individual
Counseling
Focuses on working
to develop coping
skills and on
emotional needs of
individual. Also best
utilized with
behavioral therapy.
Groups
Group
Counseling
Social reinforcement
is offered through
peer discussion.
Although moderately
effective, it is best
utilized with
behavioral therapy.
Outpatient
Outpatient
A person may elect
to seek treatment
outside of a facility
like in such programs
as AA, however
chances in recidivism
is higher without
means for
detoxification.
Residential
Short or Long
Term Residential
Treatment
The individual
resides in a facility
and is exposed to a
modified twelve step
program. Usually the
most successful form
of treatment.
Prevention Strategies for Dependency 4
Types of Treatment Programs for
Substance Abuse or Dependency
(National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012)
9. Department of Justice. (2000, September).
www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Retrieved from
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/docs/psrsa.pdf
Bureau of Justice Assistance. (2013)
pact360.org. Retrieved from
http://pact360.org/programs/meth360
Argosy University. (2013).
www.argosyuniversity.com.
Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.com/
National Institute on Drug Abuse.
(2012, December).
www.drugabuse.gov. Retrieved from
http://www.drugabuse.gov/
Hinweis der Redaktion
Prevention Strategies for Dependency | Angela Johnson | Substance Abuse
According to the DSM-IV-TR, individuals with Substance Abuse have the following (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). :A. A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or homerecurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous recurrent substance-related legal problems continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or exacerbated by the effects of the substanceB. The symptoms have never met the criteria for substance dependence for this class of substance.
According to the DSM-IV-TR, individuals with Substance Abuse have the following (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). :A. A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or homerecurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous recurrent substance-related legal problems continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or exacerbated by the effects of the substanceB. The symptoms have never met the criteria for substance dependence for this class of substance.
PolypharmacologyFor some users, two or more drugs are required to achieve the desired effects. Polypharmacology describes a situation in which more than one drug is used at a time. For example, one might use alcohol to excess at night, and upon waking in the morning, need to take amphetamine to recover from the previous nightâs alcohol use. There are several reasons why users engage in polypharmacology.Use a second drug to counteract the effects of the first drug. The user may need a depressant in order to sleep at night and a stimulant in order to counteract the depressant to wake up in the morning.Modify the effects of the primary drug. The user takes cocaine and a little alcohol to take the edge off the cocaine high.Enhance the effects of either drug taken individually. This is the case with the drug combination known as a âspeedballâ (a combination of cocaine and heroin taken at the same time). With a speedball, the effects are greater than if the user had taken either cocaine or heroin alone; in combination, the two drugs enhance their effects and create a greater high. Polypharmacology of any form is incredibly dangerous, particularly when drugs are taken in combination. The combined effect of drugs can do irreparable damage to the body. Additionally, the user tends to develop tolerance and dependence to both drugs, making treatment much more difficult than if only one drug was present.