Teaching and Learning at a Distance

1. Instructional Design for
Distance Education
ANGEL JONES

2. Instructional Design
Instructional design is to the instructional technologist as the rule of
law is to the lawyer, the prescription of medicine is to the medical
doctor, and the scientific method is to the chemist--a way of thinking
and solving problems.
Thompson, Hargrave, & Simonson, 1996

3. Components of a Successful Learning System
• Learners
• Content
• Method
• Materials
• Environment
• Technology
• Evaluation

4. Who Are the Learners
• Instructors need to know the number of students in the class, how
many sites are there, what technologies are available, and the
nature of the audience.
• Instructors should analysis the cognitive abilities of the class. How
students relate to the content, defining the prerequisite knowledge
or skills, and learning styles.
• Instructors can develop supporting materials for individualized
instruction by knowing more about their students.

5. Teaching Strategies and Media
• Lectures are the least successful strategy to use in distance
education.
• Strategies should engage all the learners in active learning.
• Criterion is to match the medium to the content, accuracy of
information, motivational quality, engagement quality, technical
quality, and unbiased nature or material.

6. Visualizing Information
• Visuals simplify information.
• Diagrams and charts makes it
easier to understand complex
ideas.
• Visuals that serve as
mnemonics can assist
understanding.
Keep in mind when creating
visuals.
• Legibility
• Color
• Copyright
• All studnets do not have equal
access

7. Technology and Resources with Distance Learning
• Technology is Essential in DE
• Technology is the most concerned
element.
• Issues with technology when teaching
distance education
Basic operation of the equipment.
Using additional cameras in the
classroom.
Consider what the students are
viewing.
Instructors must make sure that
students understand the
terminology.
• Resources is the second element of
concern.
• What material will the have to handle?
• What materials will be available in
libraries and laboratories?
• Will student have access to resources
for easy communication with the
instructor?

8. Teaching on the World Wide Web
• Instructor should be ready for the course to begin in order to be
effective.
• Establish the communication framework. Establish a time when
assignments are due and when assignment will be graded.
• Advise students to designate a specific period each week to
complete assignment.

9. Designing World Wide Web Courses
• Linear-design instruction is sequential. Students move in the same path
and complete the same assessments.
• Branched-design instruction is similar to linear design; however the
assessments are more sophisticated and students may interact with
different instructional content depending on assessment results.
• Hypercontent-designed instruction modules are identified and organized
into units of similar content. Next topics related to the module are
identified and learning experiences are designed and produced and an
assessment is developed. Can be studied in a random order.
• Learner-directed design identifies units modules and topics but places no
sequence or order on the topics in the modules. Learners decides on
the order.

10. The Unit Module Topic Model
• Each semester credit = 1 unit
• Each unit = 3-5 modules
• Each module= 3-5 topic
• Each topic = 1 learning outcome
• Unit is a significant body of knowledge that represents a major
subdivision of a course content.
• Module is a major subdivision of a unit
• Topic is a supporting ideal that explains, clarifies, or supports a
module.

11. Unit Model Topic
• Assessment is the determination and measurement of learning.
• Learning Outcome is observable and measurable. They are a
consequence of teaching and learning.
• A variety of delivery systems for content should be considered in
distance education. Content is organized for student into topics.
Topics are combined into modules of similar topics and modules are
used to form units.

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