1. Motivation: In
Learning
& Teaching

2. Outline Of
Presentation
 What Is Motivation?
Goal Orientation and Motivation
 Why Goals improve performance
 Goal Setting & Plan Making
 How to “PLAN” motivation

3.  Effective Lesson Planning.
 Principles for Good Lesson
Planning.
 Models For Lesson
Planning.
 Some tips for motivating
students.
 Conclusion

4. Motivation
 Motivation defined:
Internal state
Arouses, directs, maintains
behavior
Intrinsic / Extrinsic

5. Goal Orientation and
Motivation

6. Why Goals Improve Performance
Direct attention to the task at
hand
Mobilize effort
Increase persistence
Promote development of new
strategies

7. Goal Setting & Plan Making
Goal Goals and Plans
A desired future state that
we want to achieve.
 What do we want?
Plan  A blueprint of the actions
necessary to reach the
desired goal.
 How do we get there?

8. How to “PLAN” Motivation
 The Correct Question…
 DON’T ASK: “What am I going to
cover tomorrow?”
 DO ASK: “What are my students
going to learn, achieve, and accomplish
tomorrow?”
The role of the teacher is not to
cover. The role of the teacher is
to UNCOVER.

9. Effective Lesson Planning
 what lesson planning is about?
“Lesson planning means making decisions in advance
about what to teach, how to teach and the time
assignment of every teaching procedure “
1) To help the teacher distinguish the various stages of a
lesson and to see the relationship between them so that
the lesson can move smoothly from one stage to
another.
2) The teacher also becomes aware of the teaching aids
that are needed for the lesson.

10. 3. Lesson planning helps teachers to think about the relative
value of different activities and how much time should be
spent on them. The teacher soon learns to judge lesson stages
and phases with greater accuracy.
4. The plan, with the teacher’s comments and corrections,
provides a useful, time-saving reference when the teacher next
plans the same lesson.
5. Lesson planning is a good practice and a sign of
professionalism.
The greater the structure of a lesson and the
more precise the directions on what is to be
accomplished, the higher the achievement rate.

11. Principles for Good
Lesson Planning
 Aim: the realistic goals for the lesson
 Variety: various activities and
materials to ensure high motivation
and interest
 Flexibility: more teaching methods
and techniques and do not just read
your teaching plan
 Linkage: the teaching steps should
be linked with each other. That is,
there should be coherence.

14.  Learnability:
the planned contents and tasks
should be within the learning
capability of the students.
doing things that are beyond or
below the students’ coping ability
will diminish their motivation
(Schumann, 1999)
slightly higher than the present
proficiency of the students

15. Which model to use for lesson planning
 The 3P’s model
The 3P’s model refers to presentation,
practice and production.
 At the presentation stage, the teacher introduces
new vocabulary and grammatical structures in
whatever ways appropriate.
 At the practice stage, the lesson moves from
controlled practice to guided practice and further
to the exploitation of the text when necessary.
 At the production stage, the students are
encouraged to use what they have learned and
practiced to perform communicative tasks. The
focus is on meaning rather than accurate use of
language forms.

16. The 3-stage model
3-stage model is frequently adopted in reading
lessons and listening lessons. It refers to pre-
reading, while-reading and post-reading stages.
 The pre-stage involves preparation work,
such as setting the scene, warming up, or
providing key information (such as key words).
 The while-stage involves activities or tasks
that the students must perform while they are
reading or listening.
 The post-stage provides a chance for
students to obtain feedback on their
performance at the while-stage. This last stage
may also involve some follow-up activities, in
which students relate what they have read or
heard to their own life and use the language
spontaneously.

17. The five E learning Cycle Model
Engageme Object, event or question used to engage students.

nt Connections facilitated between what students know and can do.
Exploratio Objects and phenomena are explored.
n Hands-on activities, with guidance.
Explanatio Students explain their understanding of concepts and processes.
New concepts and skills are introduced as conceptual clarity and cohesion are
n sought.
Elaboratio Activities allow students to apply concepts in contexts, and build on or extend
n understanding and skill.
Students assess their knowledge, skills and abilities. Activities permit evaluation of
Evaluation student development and lesson effectiveness.

18. The ITB Model -- Into, Through and
 Into:
Beyond
Focus attention on the topic
Elicit curiosity, activate background knowledge
Prepare for the main activity
 Through
Present material
Students explore & construct meaning
 Beyond
Practice
Analysis
Application

19. The ESA Model -- Engage, Study, Activate

Sequence Variations of the ESA Model (from Harmer, 1998)

20. Activity
 First Phase:
Teach a lesson without planning
 Second Phase:
Make a lesson plan for the same lesson,
 try to use AV Aids
 teach the lesson through activities

21. A Simple “LESSON PLAN” – 3P
Model
 Specific Objectives
By the end of this lesson students will be able to identify adjectives & they
would be able to use them in their own sentences
 Methodology : Communicative Method/ Audio-visual method/ Direct
Method/ 5E Method, ITB Method………..
Presentation: 5/7 minutes
At this stage teacher will unfold the topic to students, teacher will employ brain
storming/or some other techniques.
Practice: 15/17 Minutes
At this stage students will practice the concept by doing some exercise…..
They will work in pairs/groups or individually. Teacher will move around the class
& monitor their work
Production : 5/7
At this stage teacher will ask questions from students to check whether or not they
have acquired the skill/ knowledge.
 Home Work:
Student will do ……… as home work.

22. Some tips for motivating students
 Use Visual Behavior Tracking charts
 Allow students to earn a “work free” speech session. e.g. no
learning, just play
 Challenge students to beat their own record for certain task.
 Allow the students to be the expert by teaching a skill to
younger students
 Make tasks more hands-on, i.e. make them feel
“we do stuff & make stuff & build stuff”
 Treat a few students to a “special lunch party” with you as a
reward/ motivator.

23. Behavior Tracking Chart
Goals Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Satur Sun Marks
day day nes day day day day
day
Good
Manners
Listening
Don’t be
disrespec
tful
Say
Thank
You &
Please
No Hitting
Greetings

24. Conclusion
Motivation comes from within
The Tips Are:
Be Enthusiastic & Be
Contagiously Enthusiastic
 Effective planning will provide
you the correct direction to pour
this enthusiasm in your pupil.