1. Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery in England Ireland and
Australia
LILY PAYTYAN
ANDREY KUZNECOV

2. CHAPTER 1
PLASTIC SURGERY IN ENGLAND AND
IRELAND
ANDREY KUZNECOV

3. History
Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out
in India by 800 BC. Sushruta, the father of Indian
surgery made important contributions to the field of plastic
and cataract surgery in 6th century BC. The medical works of
both Sushruta and Charak originally in Sanskrit were
translated into Arabic language during the Abbasid Caliphate
in 750 AD. The Arabic translations made their way
into Europe via intermediaries.
The ancient Egyptians and Romans also performed plastic
cosmetic surgery. The Romans were able to perform
simple techniques, such as repairing damaged ears
from around the 1st century BC. For religious
reasons, they did not dissect either human beings or
animals, thus their knowledge was based in its entirety
on the texts of their Greek predecessors.
Notwithstanding, Aulus Cornelius Celsus left some
Aulus Cornelius Celsus,
surprisingly accurate anatomical descriptions, some of who lived in the first century AD,
which — for instance, his studies on the genitalia and described plastic surgery of the face,
using skin from other parts of the body.
the skeleton — are of special interest to plastic surgery.

4. 20th century
Everybody considers that father of Plastic surgery was
English
surgeon (Harold Delf Gillies) who had been interested in
Development of plastic surgery at
the Queen Mary’s hospital Sidkep England ,
In World War I, a New Zealand otolaryngologist working in
London, Harold Gillies, developed many of the techniques of
modern plastic surgery in caring for soldiers suffering from
disfiguring facial injuries. His work was expanded upon
during World War II by his cousin and former student Archibald
McIndoe, who pioneered treatments for RAF aircrew suffering
Walter Yeo, a British soldier, is often cited as the first
from severe burns. McIndoe's radical, experimental known person to have benefited from plastic surgery. The
treatments, led to the formation of the Guinea Pig Club. In photograph shows him before the procedure (left) and
1946, Gillies carried out the first female-to-male sex after (right) receiving askin graft performed by Sir Harold
reassignment surgery. Gillies in 1917.

5. Kinds of plastic Surgery
reconstractive aesthetic
Reconstractive plastic operations help us to delete Aesthetic plastic operations are applications of methods of
deformations defects of tissues and organs and restore their plastic surgery with aim for improvement of their appearance
functions by the methods of plastic surgery. Such operations are Owing to such operations people can extend their youth and feel
made for people who getting corporal injuries as a result of illlness their beauty and so it allows you not to get an emotional
or something else or inherent defects crisis and improve the quality of your life in different ways.
Reconstractive operations which was spent succesfullly can
change peoples’ lives and return senses of full blown lives.

6. Classification of aesthetic operations to the area of
implementation :
•Rejuvenation of face (facelifting)
• Plastique of eyes(blefaroplastique)
• Plastique of nose(rinoplastique, septoplastique)
• Plastique of auricles (otoplastique)
• Plastique of lips (Heloplastique)
• remoplantation of hair
• Plastique of chin (mentoplastique, mentoplastique or genioplastique)
• Plastique of cheekbonne(maliroplastique)
• Plastique of neck и underchin area (cervicoplastique)
•Plastique of chest (mammoplastique)
• Plastique of stomach (abdominoplastique, lipocsation)
• Plastique of buttocks(gluteroplastique)
• Plastique of hands (brahiplastique)
•Plastique of shin(cruroplastique and fermoplastique)
• Plastique of neck(platismoplastique)
•Tightenning of skin (panniculectomia, torsoplastique)
•Complex plastique
• Reconstractive plastique

7. Classification of aesthetic operations to the area of implementation :
For ladies
lipocsation;
rinoplastique (correction of nose);
mammoplastique blefaroplastiqe
(correction of eyes);
Face lifting.
For men:
remplantation of hair
ortoplastique
rinoplastique;
Blefaroplastique;
facelifting.

8. Growth of amount of Aesthetic Plastic operations
According to statistics from the American Society for
Aesthetic PlasticSurgery (ASAPS), the number
of basic procedures in 2009 amounted to nearly 10
million, including cosmetic procedures such as Botox
injections. For comparison, in 2008 there were 10.3
million. Maximumnumber of transactions was recorded in
2007 - 11.7 million. In 2009, the aesthetic
surgery market has been
some decline. In 2010 thisnumber reached approximately 11
.1 million (11% from 2009)

9. Growth of amount of Aesthetic Plastic operations
(graphics)
Operations ml
12
11
10
operations, ml.
9
2007 г.
2008 г.
2009 г.
2010 г.

10. Top 4 of plastic operations in Great Britain
Women in the Uk are 85-90% of the visits to plastic surgeons. The most popular
operations were named breast augmentation(28%), rhinoplasty
(17%), blepharoplasty (11%), liposuction (15%).
Amount of operation%
chest rinoplastique plastique of eyes Lipocsation
21%
39%
16%
24%

11. Geographical trends of plastic surgery
The international society of aesthetic plastic surgery (ISAPS) published the global statistical report
"ISAPS Biennial Global Survey (TM)".
The study was attended by leading world countries and regions. This is the first study to provide
independent and reliable data on the plastic surgery at the international level.
The report provides a list of countries in which there is the greatest number of plastic surgery and
cosmetic procedures. The United States continues to head the list of leaders. It is also interesting
to note, countries that had almost not been associated in the world community with plastic
surgery, however, now ingrained position in the traditional centers of beauty.

12. Geographical trends of plastic surgery (TABLE)
1 USA 13 ITALY
2 CHIINA 14 FRANCE
3 BRASILIA 15 CANADA
4 INDIA 16 TAIWAN
5 MEXIQUE 17 GREAT BRITAIN
6 JAPAN 18 COLUMBIA
7 SOUTH COREA 19 GREECE
8 GERMAN 20 THAILAND
9 TURKEY 21 AUSTRALIA
10 SPAIN 22 VENESUEL
11 ARGENTIN 23 SAUD ARABIA
12 RUSSIA 24 HOLLAND

13. Geographical trends of plastic surgery
As can be seen from the table, the united kingdom is not
a leader in the production of plastic operations. This
type of surgery is developed here in the least degree.
In all England there is only 800 doctors-
dermatologists! Plastic surgeons say that "the british
are not ashamed of their wrinkles. They call it "grow
old with dignity. "In englishwomen, traded to the
plastic surgeon is not the last place is the question of
cost of operation. So 40% of the respondents
admitted that gladly have turned to plastic surgery
abroad in case, if there would be its price was
cheaper. The Representative of the Association
James Murphy commented on these results:
"Although the patient and recognized that the
security for them is a priority, for some reason they
still subject to undue influence of price figures
procedure. But that is exactly the case, when the
miser pays twice - to save on quality of the clinic and
skill of the surgeon is not"
However, nine-tenths of the total number of patients
british plastic surgeons still are women, and the
most demanded among them surgery - breast
augmentation. In the past year, its popularity has
increased by 10%,
to 9418 cases.

14. Plastic surgery in Great Britain
Despite the economic crisis, the number of operations on removal of gynecomastia (i.e.
excessive increase mammary glands of men) in the past year has grown by more
than a quarter (28%) and amounted to a total of 741 case, compared to 581 in
2009-m and 323 in 2008-мгодах, say representatives of the British Association of
aesthetic plastic surgeons (BAAPS).
These operations are on the second place on popularity among men after rhinoplasty
(993 operations in 2010). All these operations represent approximately one-half of
the total number of aesthetic surgical interventions, conducted among men, -
3861.
operations
800
Plastic Operations 2010 г 700
600
500
ginecomastia
400
rinoplastic
300
others
200
100
0
2008 г. 2009 г. 2010 г.

15. The british research medical tourism
The national institute for research in the field of health in the Uk finances a new
study on the medical tourism.
Scientists from the University of York will try to objectively assess the potential
advantages and disadvantages of treatment abroad.
Investigators will question the travelers who are going to cross the state border for
the sake of aesthetic procedures - it dentistry, plastic surgery, cosmetology
services. In addition, the study will include details on infertility treatment
abroad. The researchers will examine how patients take the decision on
operations abroad, what kind of information they use, what web sites to
visit, whether listen to the opinion of friends, are involved in the discussions on
Internet forums, how well they have been informed before the selection.
Patients will also be asked about that, how much successfully passed treatment
abroad.

16. How many earn plastic surgeons (of the total number
of registered)
Country Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit
(region) >250 тыс.$ 250-500 500-750 750-1000 < 1000
тыс.$ тыс.$ тыс.$ тыс.$
USA 30,6% 17,3%
Western 30,8% 27,4% 20,1%
Europe
Brasilia 56% 32,2% -
Australia 20,3%
Japan 35,7%
Corea 33,3%
China 55,6%

17. 10 of the most popular aesthetic surgery (according to
Forbes)
1 - breast augmentation
The number in 2009: 311 957 Difference in% compared to 2008.:
−12,3% Average price: 3 860 $ -3 $ 541 Duration of the procedure: 1-2
hours
7 -a breast Lift
2 Liposuction
The number in 2009: 283 735 The number in 2009: 98 279 Difference
The difference in% compared to 2008.: −16,8% in% compared to 2008.: −15.1% of the
Average cost: 2 803 $ -3 $095 Average value: 4 414 $ Duration of the
Duration of the procedure: from 45 minutes to 2 hours procedure: 1,5-3,5 hours
3 - Blepharoplasty 8 - Lifting persons
The number in 2009: 149 943 The number in 2009: 94 247 Difference
The difference in% compared to 2008.: −23.1%OF in% compared to 2008.: −28.9% of the
Average cost: 2 717 $ Average value: 6 881 $ Duration: 2-3
Duration of the procedure: 1-3 hours
hours
4 - Rhinoplasty 9 - the forehead Lift
The number in 2009: 138 258 The number in 2009: 30 789 Difference
The difference in% compared to 2008.: −9,3% in% compared to 2008.: −30.7% of the
Average cost: 4 493 $
Duration of the procedure: 1-2 hours Average value: 3 276 $ Duration of the
procedure: 1-2 hours
5 - Abdominoplasty 10 - Otoplasty (plastic ears)
The number in 2009: 923 127 Difference in% compared to 2008.: The number in 2009: 21 817 Difference
−13.2% of the Average cost of: 5 381 $ Duration of the procedure: 2-5
hours in% compared to 2008.: −12% Average
6 - breast Reduction (for women) cost: 3 104 $
The number in 2009: 113 511 Difference in% compared to 2008.:
−18.9% of the Average price: 5 637 $ Duration of the procedure: 2-4
hours

18. Techniques and procedures
However, some researchers are convinced that, over time, the
plastic surgery, which now is the prerogative of mostly very
wealthy citizens, will be available to all and will become as
Further refinement of the techniques of skin grafts after commonplace thing, as a visit to the hair salon. On this evidence
the second world war, in the 50-ies of the XX century, a and recent statistical data: during the last six months the number
new quality of anaesthesia (the possibility to conduct of people wishing to improve their appearance surgically has
operations under local anesthesia) did plastic surgery increased in the Uk by 25 per cent, the number of those who
safer, and, therefore, more common. wish to increase bust - by 33 per cent, down by 18 percent. The
number of those, who wants to correct his face, in particular, the
shape of the nose, rose by 11%and 20%

19. CHAPTER 2
Plastic Surgery In Australia
LILY PAYTYAN

20. Beginings of Plastic Surgery in Australia
Australia Plastic Surgery is one of the pre-eminent plastic surgery facilities in
Sydney. At Australia Plastic Surgery, the focus is on quality advanced cosmetic
plastic surgery. With this in mind, Dr Barnouti and Dr Kohout emphasize pre-
operative education, intra-operative technique, and post-operative comfort.
Central to this idea is the treatment of the patient as an individual, tailoring
care to the patient's particular needs. Dr Kohout and Dr Barnouti are Australian
trained Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons with FRACS (Plast); a key credential
indicating their complete, extensive training and ongoing educational and
ethical standards.
Each patient will experience careful consideration by the surgeon and staff at
Australia Plastic Surgery. Thorough examination, including a medical history, is
utilized to optimize the patient's outcome. Realistic expectations are discussed,
with in depth conversation about options, risks, and benefits for each
procedure considered. It is important that patients do not feel pressured in the
decision making process. Careful time and thought is encouraged before
deciding about any surgical procedures.
The author of this article
Lili Paytyan

21. Australian Plastic Surgery
Objective Setting and Participants
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To explore, among middle-aged women, the relationship between having ever
had cosmetic surgery and the frequency of use of other health services.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A nationally representative sample of the "mid-aged" (45-50 years) cohort of
women who participated in the 1996 WHA baseline postal survey. Responses
were received from 14 100 women (a response rate of 54%).

22. RESULTS OF PLASTIC SURGERY IN
AUSTRALIA
RESULTS
Seven per cent of women reported ever having had cosmetic surgery.
After adjusting for demographic variables, multivariate analysis confirmed
that women who had had cosmetic surgery were significantly more likely
to use health services more frequently (eg, surgical procedures,
consultations with specialists and alternative healthcare providers).
Cosmetic surgery was also associated with a greater number of chronic
illnesses and use of medication for anxiety and sleep problems.
visits to surgeons visit
0% 0% surgeons
7%
do not
visit
93%

23. CHAPTER 3
PLASTIC SURGERY IN USA
ANDREY KUZNECOV
LILY PAYTYAN

24. ANCESTOR OF PLASTIC SURGERY IN
USA
• Johns Hopkins was also home to Dr. John Staige
Davis, who was considered by most to be the first
American to dedicate his practice solely to plastic
surgery. He spent many years of his life working to
establish specialized divisions within the practice
of plastic surgery, and in 1916 he contributed a
landmark paper to Journal of the American
Medical Association which described the role of
plastic surgery within the medical
establishment, again emphasizing the importance
of specialization within the field.

25. THE 1940S AND 50S
• In 1946, the time had clearly come for the publishing of a scientific
journal targeted specifically for plastic surgeons. In July of that
year, the first issue of the Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery became a reality. Since then, the journal has continually
served as a forum for the dissemination of knowledge and
important discoveries among plastic surgeons and their medical
colleagues, all aimed at providing benefit to patients.
• With board certification in place and the birth of plastic surgery’s
own medical journal, plastic surgery became fully integrated into
the medical establishment by 1950, where it began to make its
move into the consciousness of the public. Out of the field hospitals
of the Korean War came even more advances in reconstructive
surgery, including internal wiring techniques to deal with facial
fractures, and the use of rotation flaps to correct massive skin
injuries and deformities.

26. MODERN PLASTIC SURGERY IN USA
1960S-80S
• The modern history of plastic surgery really started to take shape in the
1960s and the 1970s. Plastic surgeons were moving to the forefront of the
medical establishment, including one plastic surgeon who was appointed
Surgeon General in 1969, and another who won a Nobel Prize.
• There were also many significant scientific developments during this time.
Silicone was a newly created substance which was growing in popularity as
a staple of certain plastic surgery procedures. Initially, it was used to treat
skin imperfections. Then, in 1962, Dr. Thomas Cronin created and unveiled
a new breast implant device which was made from silicone. Over the next
decade or so, silicone implants were developed for use in just about every
imaginable part of the face and body.
• In the 1980s, plastic surgeons and plastic surgery advocates made a big
push to expand public awareness and improve public perception of plastic
surgery. This increase in both the quantity and quality of information
available to consumers, together with the economic boom of the
1980s, began to make plastic surgery more accessible to mainstream
America.

27. PLASTIC SURGERY IN USA
TODAY
• In the 2000s, cosmetic surgery has enjoyed an explosion in popularity, and medical advances have
made possible reconstructive feats that were once only a dream of what might one day be. In this
age of accelerated communication, the internet and television have gotten in on the game, and we
can now view just about any kind of plastic surgery procedure from the comfort of our own homes.
• Currently, the most important trend in plastic surgery is a move toward less invasive procedures
designed to stave off the visible signs of aging. In fact, the most popular procedures at this time
entail the use of injectable substances, such as facial wrinkle fillersand, most notably, Botox. It is
estimated that there are over 1.1 million botox injections administered in the U.S. every year, and
that number is steadily growing.
• Even among plastic surgeons themselves, there has been a considerable ethical debate afoot
concerning the advent of “Plastic Surgery Reality TV” The television show “Extreme
Makeover”, while popular, has been the subject of some controversy. How much is too much, and
what sort of values are we teaching through programming like this?
• Of course, several other shows with plastic surgery themes have followed in the footsteps
of "Extreme Makeover". Despite the ongoing debates about their merits, there is no doubt that
people are thinking and talking about plastic surgery more than ever before in its history. We are all
better educated as consumers about the potential risks and rewards of plastic surgery, and the
stigma that was once attached to cosmetic surgery is falling by the wayside.

28. CONCLUSION
• We think that plastic operations have some
pluses such a minuses
On the one hand you can see that
• You have to suffer in the name of fashion
But everybody want to have beautiful
appearance in this world
But not everybody allow to themselves spend a
huge amount of money for their beauty (pretty
appearance)

29. THE END
PRESENTED BY
LILY PAYTYAN
ANDREY KUZNECOV