Museums Long Now 160608 Ac

The futures of the museum

Museum of the Long Now
June 02008

Andrew Curry
Director, Henley Centre HeadlightVision
1

•Why futures work
•The drivers of change
•Some emerging scenarios
•More detail on the trends

© HCHLV 2007 2

Why do we do futures work

The pragmatic reason
Because we want to have agile and responsive organisations
which can manage in uncertain environments and are able to
identify opportunities and risks early.

The theoretical reason
“We are all open systems theorists now”

3

© HCHLV 2007 3

Organisations as open systems

Wider social environment
(a field of value shifts as people change
their world)

Task environment
(e.g. competitors, regulatory agencies,
changing user base, technology changes

System
(e.g corporation,
community, trade “For a system to be viable over time, it
association, or needs to:
network of •constantly scan relevant environments
stakeholders) for changes that might affect its viability
•actively adapt to new information it
receives in such a way that it also
influences those environments”
(Merrelyn Emery and Tom Devane)

© HCHLV 2007 Merrelyn Emeryand Tom Davane, “Search conference”, in Holman and Devane (eds) The Change Handbook
4

The futures cycle

Scanning

Implementing Understanding

Interpreting

© HCHLV 2007
Source: Henley Centre HeadlightVision
5

The traditional view: command and control

External
environment

Resources

Talent

Audiences

© HCHLV 2007 Adapted from Martin Dale, Europa, Europa 6

The organisation is in the heart of its environment

External
environment
Resources

Audiences Talent


The drivers of change

© HCHLV 2007 8

Using the framework to describe the trends

External
environment
Resources

Audiences Talent



External
environment
Squeezed resources
(falling disposable
income)
Increased push for
sustainability
Desire for well-being
Increasingly
ubiquitous
technologies
Increasing mobility
and cultural diversity

© HCHLV 2007 10


Rise of mix and remix
(users as producers)

Ageing population - but
ageless

Desire for self-
improvement

Fragmentation of leisure
Audiences
Experiential economy
(and shared experience

Increasing inequalities

© HCHLV 2007 11

Using the framework to analyse the trends

Renegotiation of work - the
ﬂuid workplace
Resources
Digital and distributed
organisations

Corporatisation and
marketisation of the arts

Growth of philanthropy

Museums as “knowledge
assets” (and “the creative
economy”)
Increasingly contested
knowledge

© HCHLV 2007 12


Urbanisation of culture (the
rise of the city-regions)

Changing approaches to
innovation
Talent
Changing gender and
ethnic mix of the workforce

The artist as catalyst

© HCHLV 2007 13

And by way of a reminder (see Annex for details)

External environment Audience Resources Talent

Squeezed resources (falling Rise of mix and remix (users Resources work - the
Renegotiation of Urbanisation of culture (the
disposable income) as producers) ﬂuid workplace rise of the city-regions)

Increased push for Ageing population - but Digital and distributed The management of talent
sustainability ageless organisations

Desire for well-being Desire for self-improvement Corporatisation and Changing gender and ethnic
marketisation of the arts mix of the workforce

Increasingly ubiquitous Fragmentation of leisure Growth of philanthropy The artist as catalyst
technologies

Increasing mobility and cultural Experiential economy (and Museums as “knowledge
diversity Audiences
shared experience) assets” (and “the creative Talent
economy”)

Increasing inequalities Increasingly contested
knowledge

© HCHLV 2007 14

Some implications from the trends analysis

• Increasingly mobile workforce
• Gravitation towards cities seen as tolerant and outward
looking, and having good public spaces and culture
• The focus on the rehabilitation of urban centres as
‘marketable’ popular cultural venues
• ‘Safe’ cultural choices and the predominance of corporate
ownership can lead to the homogenising of cultural
experiences
• Cultural innovation often occurs in temporary, marginal areas

Source: Henley Centre; Richard Florida, the Rise of the Creative Class; Chatterton & Hollands, Urban
© HCHLV 2008 Nightscapes: Youth Pleasures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power (2003); Archis 2003; Hakim Bey
15

Keeping the future in mind when managing

Scanning

Implementing Understanding

Interpreting

© HCHLV 2007
Source: Henley Centre HeadlightVision
17

Listening to the organisation – and the environment

External
environment
Resources

“Creative
Users/ producer”
Customers Talent


The forum - local meeting
#1: The forum
-

and resource space,
discovery, shared (social/
free) experiences, relaerning
of skills, disputed local
meanings. Likely to have a
virtual component which links
those who identify with the
area or are interested in it.

© HenleyCentreHeadlightVision

• The rich club . The
corporate museum, the #2: The rich club
museum which is
aligned with 'high
culture' high profile
collections and
exhibitions. In a world
where it seems likely
that knowledge will be
more contested, this
upholds traditional
notions of the canon.
(Several of the new Gulf
museums might be in
this space)


• Splinter groups -are
museums created #3: Splinter groups
through tightly engaged
communities of interest,
could be purely virtual
but may have a
physical home for
artefacts . In a world
where travel is likely to
be more difficult,
'diaspora' museums
would be a special
case. Krakow’s Galicia
museum might be an
example.


Aka the remix museum. It
takes the notion of the
#4: The cut-up
'extended' workplace (in
space and time) to its
logical conclusion, and
extends it to remixed
meanings, active
reinterpretations, and
open knowledge. Likely to
be primarily virtual, but
likely to extend itself into
media and cultural
artefacts such as books
and lectures.


• The challenges of
sustainability and #5: Imaginarium
resource shortages, and
the pursuit of social well-
being, require new
discourses and
worldviews. The
imaginarium is the
home of social and
interpretative
innovation - drawing on
diverse workforce and
users, bringing history
into the present as a
source both of meaning
and skills.


“The purpose of
looking at the
future is to disturb
the present”
(Gaston Berger)
© HCHLV 2007 25

“There are places, there are
things, that once you’ve heard
them, move into your future and
wait for you to arrive. It may take
years, but sooner or later the
meeting will happen”.
Russell Hoban

Annex: the trends in more
detail


External
environment
Resources

Audiences Talent





Increased push for Ageing population - but Digital and distributed Changing approaches to
sustainability ageless organisations innovation


technologies

diversity Audiences
economy”)

knowledge

© HCHLV 2007 29


External
environment
Squeezed resources
(falling disposable
income)
Increased push for
sustainability
Desire for well-being
Increasingly
ubiquitous
technologies
Increasing mobility
and cultural diversity

© HCHLV 2007 30

People believe that the government must tackle
climate change, and a series of sustainability-based
regulation is following
‘Who is most responsible for tackling
climate change?’1

Individuals 8% 12%
The UK Government is Industries/companies
committed to protecting Government 14%
Non Government/
the environment and to Non-Profit
tackling climate change, organisations/
Local community 66%
both at home and abroad. groups
A Bill will be brought
forward to make the United
The Sustainable Communities Act
Kingdom the first country in
will work by giving increasing
the world to introduce a
devolved powers that local
legally binding framework
council representatives have to
to reduce carbon dioxide
empower them to solve the
emissions
problems within their local
DEFRA Press Office, 2007 communities. One of the
measurements of sustainability is
environmental protection2

© HCHLV 2008 Source: 1: PCC 2007, 2: www.parliament.uk 31

The search for authenticity

• The unusual is becoming more
and more commonplace
• The concept of the ‘authentic’
• What is authenticity?
− Defined origin?
Handmade?
− Traditional? Unique?
• Farmers makers are one
manifestation of consumers
showing their support for
individual and authentic
products.
• Mass-produced and easily
replicable products and
services are under pressure to
engage with consumers
© HCHLV 2008 32
Source: organicfood.co.uk

Wellbeing: the physical health angle

• There has been a dramatic
‘Changes made in relation to the
increase in the number of amount of exercise you do:’
overweight and obese people in
Have successfully changed:
the UK: %
Have tried but failed
− Currently one out of five adults 35 33 32
diagnosed as clinically obese 31 31
30 29
• People are increasingly 27
25 25
27
26 26
25
concerned about their physical 25
21
health and fitness: 20
20 19 19
17
− In 2004,1 in 3 people 16
successfully changed the 15

amount of exercise that they 10
do and 1 in 5 tried but failed
− Membership of both private 5

and public gyms has grown by 0
a quarter since 2002, climbing total 25-34 45-54 65+ Women
15-24 35-44 55-64 Men
8 per cent during last year
alone to more than 7m people
Physical activity plan
Source: Henley Centre, PCC 2004, Financial Times, July 19, 2005 ,www.bbc.co.uk

The softer side of wellbeing

• People crave wellbeing in a time
and energy deficit culture:
− 52% of people agreed ‘I am
so tired in the evenings I often don't
have the energy to do much’
compared with 46% in 2001
• People are increasingly retuning to
nature as relief from the complexity
and clamour of life:
− There is a growing interest in seasonal
food and the number of UK members
of the Slow Food movement grew by
over 900% between 1999 and 2004
• There is a discernable ‘search for
meaning’ in people’s lives
• People’s increasingly see leisure time
as a route to gain wellbeing and find
sense in their lives

Source: BISG Press Releases, May 2005, SlowFood, 2004 statistics

There is growing household connectedness
but also a continuing digital divide

• In 2007, nearly 15 million UK residential internet connections1
households in Great Britain (61%)
had Internet access1
• 84% of UK households with Internet
access had a broadband
connection in 2007, up from 69% in
2006, and 85% of households have
digital TV1

• However, experiences of the new media world are
often unequal, and digital exclusion remains a
challenge
− Ofcom has found that just 28% of people over 65
have internet access1
− Social group AB is more open to using the widest
range of communication methods; social group
DE are much less likely to want to communicate
4 in 5 people are concerned about2 how the
via the internet and email
personal information about them that is held on
company databases is stored and used
Source: 1: Ofcom 2007; 2: IIPS 2008
© HCHLV 2008 35

The ‘always on’ society

% agree with statement:
• Mobile phones, the blackberry
‘I like to be contactable on my mobile
and increasingly empowered all the time’
consumers are driving our 24/7 %
‘always on’ culture 80
• Similar expectations around 70
access to companies and 70
experiences
60
• This raises questions about
social interaction 50
− How will we choose to 40
37
interact in the future?
• Starting to see a backlash 30
against ‘always on’ 20
− Consumers against mobile
phones on flights 10
− Can/should arts venues 0
provide sanctuary? Age 15-19 Average adult

© HCHLV 2008 Source: OfCom 2006, PCC 2003
36


Rise of mix and remix
(users as producers)

Ageing population - but
ageless

Desire for self-
improvement

Audiences
Experiential economy
(and shared experience

Increasing inequalities

© HCHLV 2007 37

Consumers are increasingly creating and sharing their
own content, particularly online

We are starting to
witness the arrival of a
new generation of
bedroom auteurs:
movie directors,
composers, scribblers
and artists of all kinds

Technological
applications are
enabling consumers to
create and filter
content that is relevant
to them and block out
that which is not

© HCHLV 2008 38

DIY media and personalisation

• Consumers now expect to be able to
personalise their media consumption
− A general shift from ‘push’ media
to ‘pull’ media
• There has been a huge growth in the
user generated content (UGC)
online, facilitated by increasingly
widespread access to broadband
• UGC sites such as You Tube and
Facebook have grown in popularity
at a rapid rate
• For traditional forms of media such as
TV, there has been a growth in self-
scheduling of content
• It can be harder to reach people,
and they want to engage
increasingly on their own terms
Source: Forrester 2006
© HCHLV 2008 39

The British population is ageing, but at the same time
age is no longer a key determinant of lifestyle

35 % of UK population over
65 years of age The UK over 50s population spend
around £240bn every year on leisure
and account for over 40% of all
25 consumer spending3

15

5

1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

55% of UK respondents, and 57% of
those over 65, agree that is
important to them to maintain a
‘youthful lifestyle’2

Source: Euromonitor 2008, 2: PCC 2007, 3:
© HCHLV 2008 The Times, September 2006
40

‘Younger’ longer

• Traditional stereotypes of ‘old’
are changing
• With improving levels of
general health and increasing
social diversity, many will act in
ways that defy that physical
age
• Celebrity culture has led to the
mainstreaming of cosmetic “Baby boomers have traded their right
surgery to greater wisdom, finesse, and
• Older consumers are bigger accumulated experiences for the right
spenders than they used to be: to stay young.

− SKIers (Spending the And the youngsters have traded their
Kids’ Inheritance) are youth culture for the right to be taken
emerging seriously. We used to have a generation
gap, now we have a generation deal.”
Lada Gorlenko, Design & Usability Consultant, IBM

© HCHLV 2008 41

The cult of self improvement

• Replacing the ‘bluffers’
guide’ mentality with a sense
that improving your own self-
worth is a valuable way to
spend your time
• Accessible to everyone
− Life coaches
− Evening classes
− Learning holidays
− Growing interest in books
and book clubs
• Can the arts sector do more
to capitalise on this trend?

© HCHLV 2008 42

The experience economy

The proportion of income spent on leisure -
• People are increasingly including theatre, cinema, holidays, sport and
choosing to spend more on education fees - has doubled since 1982 from 7%
to 14% in the year to March 2005 ¹
‘experiences’ rather than
material goods
• The pleasure of
consumption is becoming
paramount
• Does culture count as retail
or leisure? – or both?
− Witness the growth of
the museum shop
• ‘Bite-size’ arts and culture,
or elaborate experiences? “Consumers are often fully aware that they
• How might an economic are more interested in consuming aura than
objects, sizzle than steak, meaning than
downturn impact the material.” 4
experience economy?

© HCHLV 2008 Sources: ‘Britons spending more on leisure, less on food’ The Guardia November 2005,, ‘A report on the 1999-2000 family expenditure survey’ ONS,
43
PCC data 2004, HCHLV executive interview

• Rising number of Britons taking
regional holidays:
No. UK residents visiting UK tourist
− The number of Leisure trips board regions
taken by UK citizens to the
regional tourist boards 1991 2001

increased from 154 million in Northumbria
3
4
1996 to 167 million trips in 2002 Cumbria 3
5
• Expansion of the tourism industry North West
8
14
leads to greater diversification of Yorkshire 7
11
leisure: 6
East of England 13
− People want a holiday suited Heart of England 14
22
to them as individuals 7
London 17

“Demand is Southern 11
13
6
growing in the South Eas England 13
13
South West England
tailor-made travel 0 5 10 15
20
20 25
market” millions
Holiday company Thomson,
6th October 2004
Source: ONS, Regional Trends 38


Rise in niche activities
- Power gliding
- Jet-skiing
- Advanced mountain
biking activities
Tides of ‘fad interests’
- Such as ‘all terrain
boarding’


Widening income inequalities

The proportion of people not on
Overall earnings inequalities are widening housing benefit but cannot afford to
buy anything above the cheapest
10% of houses1
The overall distribution of income has
changed little over the last decade. The
poorest tenth have less than 2% of total
income 2

The proportion of children in low income
households has fallen from 34% in 1998/99
to 30% in 2005/06. Children remain more
likely than adults to live in low income
households

Around two-fifths of people from ethnic
minorities live in low income households,
twice the rate for white people 2

Source: 1: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005, 2: www.poverty.org.uk
© HCHLV 2008 46

Growing income disparity

• The growing disparity The wealthiest 1% of the UK
between the richest and population hold 23% of the
poorest in society nation’s wealth
• Dramatic divisions of access
and inequity across UK
society % share of total income by Top 10%
household Bottom 10%
• Increasingly strong public
awareness of the 1979 4.4 20
infringement of rights and
means of reparation 1990 3.2 25
• Attracting consumers from
ethnic minority backgrounds 1996 3.5 24
and disabled people is a key
aim 2010 3.0 30

10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
%
© HCHLV 2008 47
Source: ONS, Households Below Average Income;

Entitlement: the return of the public

• Just as economic shares become
% share of total income by
more unequal, there is household
compensation in the public Top 10% Bottom 10%
realm
1979 4.4 20
• Human Rights Act (and Freedom
of Information) are about forms
1990 3.2 25
of legal and government access
• Rights of physical access to land 1996 3.5 24
and buildings are increasingly
embedded in law 2010 3.0 30
• The language of ‘cultural %
entitlement’ is common in the 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
arts

“Culture alone can give people the means better to understand and
engage with life… which can help us slay the sixth giant of modern
times – poverty of aspiration.” Tessa Jowell MP
Source: ONS “Households Below Average Income” 2000/01, Report of the 2002-3 Britain Day Visits Survey, TGI BMRB 2004


Renegotiation of work - the
ﬂuid workplace
Resources
Digital and distributed
organisations

Corporatisation and
marketisation of the arts


Museums as “knowledge
assets” (and “the creative
economy”)
Increasingly contested
knowledge

© HCHLV 2007 49

Increasingly fluid work structures

• Moving from rigid to fluid
organisational structures -
new ways of using resources
• Hot-desking and sharing
other resources
• Temporary collectives to
fulfill specific pieces of work,
with temporary use of
resources
• The rise of dynamic, short-
term employment on a
project basis in the creative
industries

© HCHLV 2008 50

Competitive cultural funding landscape

Business cash sponsorship experienced
• Declining business investment in
no growth in real terms in 2005/06. All
the arts and cultural sector is a
other components of business investment
major concern
experienced a significant decrease
• The sector is facing an Arts & Business Private Investment Benchmarking
increasingly competitive funding Survey 2005/06
landscape
• Cultural organisations in the UK
rely heavily on one source of
funding to support their
operations (in most cases, public
funding).
− Has worked well in the past
for many cultural
organisations
“…why have
− Makes them vulnerable to
business investment figures fallen in real
“Most arts organisations are the
social shifts or evolution in
terms? Is this a minor blip, or part of a
used to delivering rather more
funding landscape
downward drift? I sense a blip…”
than they are paid for.” A&B Chief Executive, Colin Tweedy
John Tusa

© HCHLV 2008 Source: Arts & Business, HCHLV
51

Networks and digital organisations

Supplier Supplier Supplier
• ICT and the rise of networks can
enable organisations to move
Purchasing
away from in-house expertise
− But this doesn’t mean they
always should Finance

• Careful consideration of what is HR
core to the brand and its values
before decisions are made Brand Manufacture
− Relevant for individual arts
Marketing
organisations, museums
− Moving from a linear Sales/Service
structure to a series of inter-
relationships between you,
your suppliers, your
customers
Customers
Source: BT
© HCHLV 2008 52


• Traditional private investment “There is much to be said for
sources in the charity sector are seeing artists as servants of the
rapidly changing innovation process”
• Growing emphasis on
partnerships, the role of venture John Thackara
philanthropists and clear return on
investment (RoI)
• Individual giving has become a “High-income parents are enrolling their
substantial source of fundraising children in philanthropy workshops designed
income to teach them how to use their wealth to do
− has the potential to become good. A new generation of philanthropists
the single most important are being encouraged to … consider which
source of funding in the future charities might benefit from their
“There is a continuing unease about raising money...demand is spiralling, with growing
funds from the private sector. But if it is numbers of wealthy individuals matched by
faced head-on, with confidence and an increasingly professional approach to
honesty, the relationship between the giver
philanthropy in Britain.”
and the asker can be strong, positive, The Guardian, Dec 2007
supportive and enjoyable.”
John Tusa

© HCHLV 2008
Source: www.mobilebristol.co.uk/flash.html Source: Arts & Business Private Investment Benchmarking Survey 2005/06, The Guardian 53


Urbanisation of culture (the
rise of the city-regions)

Changing approaches to
innovation
Talent
Changing gender and
ethnic mix of the workforce


© HCHLV 2007 54

Urbanisation of culture

• Competition:
− Liverpool won the competition to be
European Capital of Culture 2008.
− It is estimated that the Culture title
could net Liverpool an extra 1.7
million visitors to the city.
• Cultural developments and a
revived interest in architecture:
− The Baltic Flour Mills and the Sage,
Newcastle Gateshead
− Millenuium Stadium, Cardiff
− Imperial War Museum North and
Urbis, Manchester
− The Lowry Centre, Salford
• Increasing interest in the ‘city
region’ as a driver of regional
success
− Urban quality of life regarded as
economic driver

Source: ERM Economics 2004, www.bbc.co.uk

People crave a distinctive identity for their
urban environment
• A backlash against ‘clone towns’:
− Four out of 10 of the nation's high
streets are "clone towns", according
to research conducted by the New
Economics Foundation.
− In June 2005 Exeter was shamed as
the greatest clone high street in the
country

“Just as farmers’ markets
and specialist retailers are
popping up all over the
place…there is still room for
switched-on, independent
booksellers.”

Source: The Bookseller, Novmber 2004, http://www.thebookcase.co.uk, Guardian, July 2000, www.countrybookshop.co.uk

The management of talent

• The importance of horizontal,
non-hierarchical structures
and fluid organisational
processes
• Organisational innovation
needs clear principles
• The ‘holarchic’ organisation -
each fragment of the
organisation reflecting the “You can’t socially re-
whole engineer these systems
without understanding them
intimately. You need to know
what it’s like to struggle with
the pressures at the grass
roots”.
Prof Henry Mintzberg

© HCHLV 2008 57

The ‘corporatisation’ of the arts

“There’s no excuse for amateurism any
• Increasing professionalism of more, no room for those who shy at the
the arts thought that the arts might, indeed, be a
business.”
• Changing expectations from
funders John Tusa

• Wider social trends such as
the importance attached to
formal qualifications
Managers
• Emphasis on management + +
skills at the expense of
professional expertise
− A trend seen in both the public Targets Budgets
sector and the private sector
− A ‘site of struggle’ which creates
permanent organisational
tensions _ _

Professionals
© HCHLV 2008 58

Renegotiation of the workplace

Change in employment status, 1971-2005
• Change from fixed
Full time Part time Self employed
contracts to more
000s
negotiated relationships
5
4173
• Large rise in part-time and
4
temporary workers
2792
• Employees demand 3

greater flexibility and work/ 2 1381 1405
life balance 776
1046
629
1
• Office structures are
moving towards ‘club’ 0

environments -1
− Space for meeting, thinking
-2 -1415
etc
− Leisure facilities, shops, dry- -3 -2461
cleaning, crèche facilities Male Female Total

© HCHLV 2008
Source: ONS; Henley Centre, PCC 2001; DTI projections 59

Changing gender balance of the workplace

% of UK workforce
• More women are working than
ever before Male Female
60 57
− Although the number of women
working in “cultural industries” has 55
51 50 50
49
increased in recent years, they still 50
make up only 36% of the cultural 45 43
industries’ workforce.
40
• The gender pay gap has been 35
decreasing steadily since the 30
1975 Equal Pay Act, but there is 25
still a significant difference 20
between men and women’s 1982 1992 2002

salaries
− The full-time pay gap has closed
considerably from 29.5% in 1975,
to 17.2% in 2006

© HCHLV 2008 Source: EEDA “Equality in focus”; GEM Report UK 2002; Nomis, The Gender Pay Gap report 2001 (Women and Equality Unit), The Independent
Theatre Council Report 2001, Facts about Men and Women in Great Britain – A report by the Equailty Commission 2006 60

Increasingly diverse workforce?

• There has been an increase in the Over 600,000 people have
number of migrant workers, come to work in the UK from
particularly from EU countries post the eight nations which joined
ascension the European Union in 2004
• 4% of the arts workforce is from a
minority ethnic group. This broadly “There is little diversity among
reflects the proportion of the national entrants to the museum workforce.
workforce from an ethnic minority Museums want more people from
group (5%)
minority-ethnic backgrounds, more
− Certain cultural groups are under- people from poorer backgrounds,
represented in the arts. Indians more disabled people – and more
make up 21% of the total ethnic men…There is work to do to
minority workforce but only 19% of promote museum careers to a wider
those working in the arts
range of potential entrants, but this
− Black and ethnic minorities have needs to be supported by accessible
very little decision-making input entry routes.”
into performance companies. The Tomorrow People: Entry to the museum
Only 4% of Artistic Directors and 6% workforce, Maurice Davies, Feb 2007
of Board Members working in the
theatre industry are black.
© HCHLV 2008 Source: ONS Population and Migration; DIW Institute, BBC News August 2006 , Independent Theatre Council Report 2001 61


• Traditional concepts of the
artist
• The importance of individuals
and artistic organisations as
creative catalysts
• Organisational, facilitative
and financial strands of the
creative process
• The role of creative catalyst
in the growing integration of
arts initiatives with wider
social initiatives

© HCHLV 2008 62

The rise of the city region

• Increasingly mobile workforce
• Gravitation towards cities seen as
tolerant and outward looking,
and having good public spaces
and culture
• The focus on the rehabilitation of
urban centres as ‘marketable’
popular cultural venues “Historic, residual and
• ‘Safe’ cultural choices and the alternative forms of nightlife
predominance of corporate are increasingly
ownership can lead to the marginalised… over-
homogenising of cultural regulated till they
experiences disappear… or bought out
under the weight of urban
• Cultural innovation often occurs renewal and gentrified
in temporary, marginal areas leisure”
Source: Henley Centre; Richard Florida, the Rise of the Creative Class; Chatterton & Hollands, Urban
© HCHLV 2008 Nightscapes: Youth Pleasures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power (2003); Archis 2003; Hakim Bey
63

Increasing diversity of UK society

• The ethnic minority and foreign
born population in the UK is
growing
− Between 1991-2001, the
ethnic minority population
grew by 53% from 3 million
to 4.6 million people¹
− In 2001, 4.9 million (8.3 per
cent) of the total
population of the UK were
born overseas. This is more
The non-White population: by ethnic group, April 2001, UK
than double the 2.1 million
(4.2 per cent) in 1951
• Although there is regional
concentration of BMEs,
trended data indicates
segregation is not a feature in
Britain

Source: UK census 2001
© HCHLV 2008 64

In summary



Increased push for Ageing population - but Digital and distributed The management of talent
sustainability ageless organisations


technologies

diversity Audiences
economy”)

knowledge

© HCHLV 2007 65

Creating better futures

Andrew.curry@hchlv.com

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Museums Long Now 160608 Ac

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