This document summarizes the analysis of loads, forces, and fluid dynamics on a horizontal wind turbine. Key points include: - CFD was used to analyze single and multiple wind turbines to determine forces, pressures, velocities, and power output. - Forces on a single turbine were calculated to be over 30,000 pounds from wind speeds of 12 m/s. Total power output was calculated to be 1.63 MW. - CFD results showed pressure and velocity distributions around single and multiple turbines to understand flow interactions and optimal turbine spacings in wind farms.

1. Horizontal
Wind Turbine
Anas Aljunaidi
MECH 408
Greg Watkins, Ph.D., PE

2. Background
 Analyze loads on wind Turbine
 Run CFD on single and wind turbine farms

3. Introduction
1430 Steel
1430 Steel

4. Material
US Department of
Energy

5. CFD Boundary Conditions
- External
- Speed Wind12 m/s

6. Forces on Wind Turbine

7. Wind Turbine Geometry

8. Wind speed Analysis
 Area Swept by the Blades= pi x Radius²
= 𝜋∗850in 2
= 𝜋∗2.3∗106 in 2
=2,300,000 square inch
= 1,483.8 m 2 .

9. Force from Wind
 Total Dynamic Pressure= ½ *rhu*V^2
=
1
2
∗ 1.2754
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3 ∗ 12
𝑚
𝑠2 = 92
𝑁
𝑚2
 Total force exerted = Pressure*Swept Area of
Blades
92
𝑁
𝑚2 ∗ 1,483.8 𝑚2
= 136,436 N= 30,672.033 pounds force
Rhu= Air density at 20 C , 101.325 kPa

10. Static Result
Fix
0.023
N/m^2
295,892
N/m^2

11. Static Result
0.674mm
0.0 mm

12. Drag
0.457m

13. Calculation
 Fd= 1
2
∗ 0.04 ∗
1.2754𝑘𝑔
𝑚
∗ 21.6𝑚 ∗ 0.457𝑚 ∗
12𝑚
𝑠2
= 36.2 N
Assumptions:
Area= Square
21.6 m
0.457

14. Left force
1.9 m
L
A

15. Calculation
o FL= 1
2
∗ 0.42 ∗
1.2754𝑘𝑔
𝑚
∗ 21.6𝑚 ∗ 0.457𝑚 ∗
12𝑚
𝑠2
= 1,582 N
Assumptions:
Area= Square
21.6 m
1.9 m

16. Solid Works Output
turbine assem.SLDASM [Project(1) [Default]]
Goal Name Unit Value Averaged Value Minimum Value Maximum Value Progress [%] Use In Convergence Delta Criteria
SG Normal Force (X) 1 [N] 181.5529246 185.752925 181.5529246 188.3778656 100Yes 6.824940997 9.929729303
SG Normal Force (Y) 1 [N] 199.0358555 198.0729076 193.9113958 208.0525651 100Yes 14.14116922 15.65210745
Iterations: 45
Analysis interval:
22

17. Total Power
 Power =
1
2
∗ 𝜌 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑉3
 P = Power (Watts)
 ρ = Air Density (about 1.275 kg/m3 at sea level)
 A = Swept Area of Blades (m2)
 V = Velocity of the wind

18. Total Power
 Power =
1
2
∗ 𝜌 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑉3
=
1
2
∗ 1.275
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3 ∗ 1,483.8 𝑚2
∗ 12
𝑚
𝑠
3
= 1.63 ∗ 106 𝑊
= 1.63 𝑀𝑊 Turbine

19. Natural Frequency

20. Animation

21. Spacing in Wind farms
D=43 m
4D=172 m
7D=301 m

22. Wind Farms
81 m
54 m

23. Pressure Plot
101.326KPa
101.326KPa

24. 3-D Pressure

25. Velocity

26. 3-D Velocity

27. Solid Works Output
turbine assem.SLDASM [Project(1) [Default]]
Goal Name Unit Value Averaged Value Minimum Value Maximum Value Progress [%] Use In Convergence Delta Criteria
PG Static Pressure 1 [Pa] 101325.1562 101325.1548 101325.1521 101325.1562 100 Yes 0.004078979 0.022376443
PG Velocity 1 [m/s] 12.02177676 12.02160023 12.02140063 12.02177676 100 Yes 0.000376126 0.001988448
PG Mach Number 1 [ ] 0.035031718 0.035031203 0.035030622 0.035031718 100 Yes 1.09655E-06 5.79546E-06
PG Static Pressure 2 [Pa] 101311.9506 101312.1532 101311.822 101312.5168 100 Yes 0.610094113 1.996318653
Iterations: 60
Analysis interval:
21