Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Protozoa
1. Diagrams of different types of protozoa
Amoeba
Shelled amoeba
Flagellates
Ciliates – suctoria
Ciliates – peritrichus
Heliozoanes
2. Free living vs. symbiosis
Photosynthetic(autotrophy)
Combinations(hetrotrophy)
Absorb solutes(osmotrophy)
Ingest particulates(phagotrophy)-
predation on bacteria and other protozoa.
Pinocytosis (fluid uptake)
3. Factors affecting distribution of free living forms
Nacl concentration,
pH,
Temperature,
Oxygen requirements.
4. Nutrition
--free living forms – phagocytosis of particulate
matter.
--Complex nutritional needs.
--All are chemoheterotrops .
--Storage products –glycogen , starch and lipids.
5. • One organism lives on other organism ,
called the host.eg.-cuckoo(koel) and the
Parasitism crow.
• The host is harmed, but usually survives.
• One organism benefits and the other neither
Commensalism benefits nor is harmed.
• Example-Orchid growing on a mango tree.
• Both organisms are benefited from the
Mutualism relationship.
• Example-association of fungus and algae.
6. Osmotrophy is the uptake of dissolved organic
compounds by osmosis for nutrition
Pinocytosis, a process by which liquid droplets are
ingested by living cells. It is a process by which
cells engulf external substances, gathering them
into special membrane-bound vesicles contained
within the cell. In pinocytosis, rather than an
individual droplet of liquid traveling passively
through the cell membrane, the droplet first
becomes bound, or adsorbed, on the cell
membrane, which then invaginates (forms a
pocket) and pinches off to form a vesicle in the
cytoplasm.
7. Asexual
1. Fission
- characterized by division of the body into two or more parts, each of
which develops into a complete individual.
2. Budding
- self supportive cell sprouts from & detaches from the parent
organism.
3. Schizogony
- a multiple fission type; the nucleus undergoes multiple divisions
before the cell divides.
Sexual
1. Conjugation
- the simplest form of reproduction. Two single-celled organisms link
together, exchange genetic information, & then separate.
- Reproduction -
8.
9.
10. Conjugation in Protozoa is a two-way process,
genetic material is passed between each
conjugant.
The process of union of two gametes to form a
zygote. It involves both plasmogamy and
karyogamy.
The macroconjugants resemble the normal
feeding individuals.
The microconjugants resemble the swarmers,
although smaller.
12. The life stages of protozoa are:-
– latent survival form.
- The active motile stage of
protozoan parasite or active pathogenic
vegetative state.
13. - Some protozoa are
coated with a
protective capsule
called cyst.
Cyst permits organism
to survive when food
& oxygen are lacking
or when temperature
is not suitable &
toxic chemicals are
present.
14. - Cyst is a reproductive structure in which
new cells are produced asexually.
- The breaking of cyst is called excystation.
16. Entamoeba
histolytica is
the causative
agent of
amoebic
dysentery.
It is the
only
photogenic
amoeba
found in the
animal
17. African
Trypanosomiasis
It is named as
sleeping disease
that is caused by
tyrpanosoma brucei
gambience &
trypanosoma brucei
rhodesiense-flagellates
that are injected
by tsetse fly.
18. Do all mosquito bite human beings ?
Both males and females obtain some nutrition
from flower nectar, but it is only the females
that feed on blood to acquire the extra protein
boost needed to produce and lay eggs.
Male mosquitoes do not bite human beings.
They live on plant juices, other natural liquids
from plants and decomposing organic material.
19. 1. Malaria
- A protozoan
cardiovascular
disease caused by
anopheles mosquito
through injection
of protozoan
parasite
plasmodium.
21. Plasmodium
life
cycle
- Anopheles mosquito
feeds on blood &
serves as the
vector.
- Sporozoites enter
blood stream and
proceed to the
liver within 30 min
to infect
22. - 1 week = Multiplication &
transformation in the liver leads
to the release of about 5,000-
10,000 merozites PER
HEPATOCYTE infected with only
one sporozite!
- Merozites infect red blood cells,
initiating the symptoms and
pathology of malaria.
- Merozites replicate and
differentiate again
- Cell ruptures to release new
merozites (which will infect more
red blood cells)
- Some merozites differentiate into
♂ and ♀ gametocytes.
- Gametocytes ingested by Female
Anopheles differentiate into
male and female gametes which
fuse to form a zygote and
become sporozites in the salivary
gland….
26. Protozoa play important roles in the fertility
of soils. By grazing on soil bacteria, they
regulate bacterial populations and maintain
them in a state of physiological youth in the
active growing phase. This enhances the
rates at which bacteria decompose dead
organic matter. Protozoa also excrete
nitrogen and phosphorus, in the form of
ammonium and orthophosphate, as products
of their metabolism, and studies have shown
that the presence of protozoa in soils
enhances plant growth.
27. Protozoa play important roles in
wastewater treatment .
Good-quality, clean effluents are
produced in the presence of large ciliated
protozoan communities because they
graze voraciously on dispersed bacteria
and because they have the ability to
flocculate suspended particulate matter
and bacteria.
Importance
28. Protozoa probably play a similar role in
polluted natural ecosystems. Indeed, there
is evidence that, by feeding on oil-degrading
bacteria, they decrease bacterial growth in
much the same way they enhance rates of
decomposition in soils, thereby speeding up
the breakdown of oil spillages.
Importance
Hinweis der Redaktion
Free living don’t require host.
Free living means don’t require host cell.
Symbiosis is the close relationship between two organisms.
Plasmodium flaciparum is the most severe and prevalent.
