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Porcentaje
1. Relación: Parte - Todo
Para averiguar qué tanto por ciento es la “parte” del “todo” debemos tener en cuenta:
(
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜
𝑥100) %
Problemas resueltos
1. ¿15 qué tanto por ciento de 60 es?
Resolución:
(
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜
𝑥100) % = (
15
60
𝑥100) % = 25%
2. ¿Qué tanto por ciento de 2 400 es 300?
Resolución:
(
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜
𝑥100) % = (
300
2400
𝑥100) % = 12,5 %
2. Variación porcentual
La variación porcentual se usa para calcular el aumento o disminución porcentual de
una cantidad. Para ello se considera:
𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 =
(𝑨𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒐 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏)
(𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍)
𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Problemas resueltos
1. Al iniciar el día de verano cuando sale el sol la temperatura es de 16° C y a medio día la
temperatura es de 29° C. ¿En qué tanto por ciento aumenta la temperatura?
Resolución:
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
(𝐴𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛)
(𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙)
𝑥 100%
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
12
16
𝑥 100%
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 75 %
Respuesta: aumenta en un 75%
2. En un experimento que realizó la profesora Daysi en clases, introduce una piedra pómez
en el agua, al sacarla y pesarla se observó que el peso había aumentado en 36%. Si se
saca la mitad del agua. ¿En qué porcentaje disminuirá el peso de la piedra húmeda?
Resolución:
Asumiendo el peso de la piedra= 100 Kg
Piedra seca Piedra con agua Con ½ de agua
Nos piden:
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛)
(𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎)
𝑥 100%
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
18
136
𝑥 100%
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 13,24 %
Respuesta: Disminuirá en un 13,24 %
+ 36%
16° C
Aumenta 13°
C
28° C
100 Kg 136 Kg 118 Kg
- 18 Kg
Agua: 36 Kg Agua: 18 Kg

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05 porcentaje

  • 1. Porcentaje 1. Relación: Parte - Todo Para averiguar qué tanto por ciento es la “parte” del “todo” debemos tener en cuenta: ( 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥100) % Problemas resueltos 1. ¿15 qué tanto por ciento de 60 es? Resolución: ( 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥100) % = ( 15 60 𝑥100) % = 25% 2. ¿Qué tanto por ciento de 2 400 es 300? Resolución: ( 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥100) % = ( 300 2400 𝑥100) % = 12,5 % 2. Variación porcentual La variación porcentual se usa para calcular el aumento o disminución porcentual de una cantidad. Para ello se considera: 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = (𝑨𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒐 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏) (𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍) 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
  • 2. Problemas resueltos 1. Al iniciar el día de verano cuando sale el sol la temperatura es de 16° C y a medio día la temperatura es de 29° C. ¿En qué tanto por ciento aumenta la temperatura? Resolución: 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (𝐴𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛) (𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙) 𝑥 100% 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 12 16 𝑥 100% 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 75 % Respuesta: aumenta en un 75% 2. En un experimento que realizó la profesora Daysi en clases, introduce una piedra pómez en el agua, al sacarla y pesarla se observó que el peso había aumentado en 36%. Si se saca la mitad del agua. ¿En qué porcentaje disminuirá el peso de la piedra húmeda? Resolución: Asumiendo el peso de la piedra= 100 Kg Piedra seca Piedra con agua Con ½ de agua Nos piden: 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛) (𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎) 𝑥 100% 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 18 136 𝑥 100% 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 13,24 % Respuesta: Disminuirá en un 13,24 % + 36% 16° C Aumenta 13° C 28° C 100 Kg 136 Kg 118 Kg - 18 Kg Agua: 36 Kg Agua: 18 Kg