Unit for 4º ESO

1. Unit 6
Imperialism and nationalism
Social Studies – ESO-4

2. 2
Imperialism and nationalism
• Congress of Vienna
• Liberals and nationalists
• Revolutions in 1820 and 1830
• 1848 revolution
• Scramble for Africa
• Different types of colonies

3. 3
Imperialism and nationalism
• Congress of Vienna (1815)
• Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain and
France were powerful
• Grand Alliance→Austria, Prussia, Russia and
Britain→defeat of Napoleon
• Vienna settlement →balance of power
• Buffer states (Cordon sanitaire) for no future
French expansion
• New alliances:
• The Quadruple Alliance(Britain, Austria,
Prussia and Russia)
• The Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia & France)

4. 4
Imperialism and nationalism
• Congress of Vienna (1815)
•

5. 5
Imperialism and nationalism
• Liberals and Nationalists
• Liberals → greater freedom
• Nationalists → same race in one country
• Revolutions in 1820 & 1830
• In 1920 Riego rebelled against Ferdinand VII in
Spain → Holy Alliance sent an army and
absolutism was re-established
• Revolution
succeeded
in Greece

6. 6
Imperialism and nationalism
• Revolutions in 1830
• France – Charles X (no Carta Otorgada) –
Philippe de Orleans new king
• Belgium became independent from Holland

7. 7
Imperialism and nationalism
• Revolutions in 1848
• Economic crisis – social & political tensions
(bad harvests and expensive food)
• Revolutionaries: liberalism & nationalism
• Europe = collection of states ruled by absolute
monarchs
• Fundamental change - new ideas:
• Liberalism – human rights & freedoms
• Nationalism: same race & language →
fundamental change
• Revolutions spread: Italy, German states,
Austria...

8. 8
Imperialism and nationalism
• 1848 was a turning point
• New Constitutions with universal
male suffrage (France) &
liberalism
• Austria – end of feudalism
• Division nationalism & liberalism

9. 9
Imperialism and nationalism
• Scramble for Africa
• In 1870 most of Africa was
independent
• 1870-1900 race to colonise it.
• Interest in African
resources
• New markets
• Rivalry
• Strategic importance
• Missionaries (Protestant
& Catholic)

10. 10
Imperialism and nationalism
• European influence:
• France → West Africa, Tunisia
• Belgium → Congo Free State
• Britain → Egypt, Uganda &
Rhodesia
• Germany → East Africa
• Italy → Somalia & Ethiopia
• Famous explorers: Livingstone,
Cook, Stanley, Rhodes...

11. 11
Imperialism and nationalism
• Different types of colonies:
• Colonies – directly ruled by a governor
• Protectorates – ruled domestically but
foreign affairs and defense is ceded
• Dominions – had significant freedom

12. 12
Imperialism and nationalism
• Imperalism in Asia
• Different from Africa –
well established
civilisation &
population
• Control over seaports &
trade
• Indirect domination
through local
aristocracy in India &
Indonesia

13. 13
Imperialism and nationalism
• Imperalism in Asia
• England (1st
) – India, Hong-Kong...
• France (2nd
) – Southeast Asia
• Portugal, Spain & Holland (early)
• Germany & Italy (late)
• The USA – Caribbean & Philippines
• Japan - (1st
Asian coloniser) – Korea
• China was forced into Opium Trade by
European powers (England, Germany,
Russia & Japan)
• Increased emigration from Europe to other
parts of the world.