6th gen processor

6th Gen Intel Processor 2015 - 2016
E&C Dept., NCET, Bangalore Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that takes input such as numbers, text, sound, image,
animations, video, etc., processes it, and converts it into meaningful information that
could be understood, presenting the changed input (processed input) as output. All
numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video used as input are called data, and all
numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video returned as output are called
information.
 The data consists of numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video.
 The process converts numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video (data) into
usable data, which is called information.
 The information consists of numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video that
has been converted by the process.
 The data is inserted using an input device.
 The central processing unit (CPU) converts data to information.
 The information is put on an output device.
A storage device is an apparatus for storing data and information. A basic computer
consists of 4 components: an input device, a CPU, output devices, and memory.
1.2 WHAT IS PROCESSOR?
So what is the processor? Well in the simplest of terms, it’s your computers brain. The
processor tells your computer what to do and when to do it, it decides which tasks are
more important and prioritizes them to your computers needs.
Fig 1.1:- Processor

There is and has been many processors on the market, running at many different speeds.
The speed is measured in Megahertz or MHz. A single MHz is a calculation of 1 million
cycles per second (or computer instructions), so if you have a processor running at 2000
MHz, then your computer is running at 2000,000,000 cycles per second, which in more
basic terms is the amount of instructions your computer can carry out. Another important
abbreviation is Gigahertz or GHz. A single GHz or 1 GHz is the same as 1000 MHz.
Sounds a bit confusing, so here is a simple conversion:
1000 MHz (Megahertz) = 1GHz (Gigahertz) = 1000,000,000 Cycles per second (or
computer instructions).
Now you can see why they abbreviate it, could you imagine going to a PC store and
asking for a one thousand million cycle PC please. A bit of a mouth full isn’t it?
So when buying a new computer always look for fastest you can afford. The fastest on the
market at the time of writing this article is 3.8 GHz (3800 MHz). Remember though that
it is not necessary to purchase such a fast processor, balance your needs, do you really
need top of the range? Especially when the difference say between a 3.5 GHz (3500
MHz) and a 3.8 GHz (3800 MHz) processor will be barely noticed (if noticed at all) by
you, while the price difference is around £100. With the money you save you could get a
nice printer and scanner package.
Now that we have covered the speeds, there is one more important subject to cover.
Which processor? There are 3 competitors at present, the AMD Athlon, Intel Pentium and
the Intel Celeron. They come in many guises, but basically the more cores they have and
the higher the speed means better and faster.
Processors now come as dual core, triple core and quad core. These processors are the
equivalent of running two cpu's (Dual core), three CPU's ( Triple core) or four (Quad
core).
In the past Intel Pentium the best and most expensive of them all, and remains today one
of the most popular on the market. In layman’s terms it is/was the designer processor,
although AMD have some superb if not better releases and equally highly priced and
advanced products. It would be hard to say which is best as they are direct competitors.

1.3 TYPES OF PROCESSOR.
Since the 1970s, Intel has offered several families of increasingly sophisticated processors
for business computing. Each processor forms the heart of a computer system, carrying
out arithmetic and logical operations and accessing digital memory storage at speeds up
to billions of operations per second. Since the late 1990s, Intel has turned to processors
with multiple cores to handle greater workloads and more sophisticated software.
1.3.1 Intel Atom
Intel designed its Atom processor family for netbooks and other mobile devices; its
modest power consumption conserves battery life. The processor continues Intel's
tradition of compatibility with earlier x86-type processors such as the Pentium 4 and Core
Duo, allowing the Atom to run the same software such as Microsoft Windows and Linux.
Different Atom models run at speeds from 600 MHz to 2 GHz and consume 1.3 to 10
watts of power.
1.3.2 Intel Itanium
The Itanium represents a rare departure from compatibility with other Intel processors.
Developed in conjunction with Hewlett-Packard in the 1990s and intended as a "next-
generation" technology for demanding applications, the chip's complexity proved to be a
burden for software developers. Intel has steadily improved the design and produces the
current version, the "Itanium 2," which HP alone uses in its high-end servers. The chip
has a pair of 16KB Level 1 cache memories, 1MB of Level 2 and 6MB of Level 3 cache.
The cache keeps recently used data in a hierarchy of on-chip memory storage areas,
maximizing the processor's efficiency.
1.3.3 Intel Xeon
High-performance workstations and servers use Intel's Xeon processor. As with most of
Intel's microprocessors, the Xeon is compatible with the x86 instruction set, supporting
mainstream software such as Microsoft Windows and the Oracle database manager.
Xeon's design incorporates advances such as multiple cores and Hyper-threading to keep
several processes active at the same time. The chip has other performance enhancements,
including a pair of 64KB cache memory units for data and instructions.

1.3.4 Intel Core i3
Intel intended the Core i3 as the new low end of the performance processor line
from Intel, following the retirement of the Core 2 brand.
The first Core i3 processors were launched on January 7, 2010.
The first Nehalem based Core i3 was Clarkdale-based, with an integrated GPU and two
cores. The same processor is also available as Core i5 and Pentium, with slightly different
configurations.
The Core i3-3xxM processors are based on Arrandale, the mobile version of the Clarkdale
desktop processor. They are similar to the Core i5-4xx series but running at lower clock
speeds and without Turbo Boost. According to an Intel FAQ they do not support Error
Correction Code (ECC) memory. According to motherboard manufacturer Super micro, if
a Core i3 processor is used with a server chipset platform such as Intel 3400/3420/3450,
the CPU supports ECC with UDIMM. When asked, Intel confirmed that, although the
Intel 5 series chipset supports non-ECC memory only with the Core i5 or i3 processors,
using those processors on a motherboard with 3400 series chipsets it supports the ECC
function of ECC memory. A limited number of motherboards by other companies also
support ECC with Intel Core ix processors; the Asus P8B WS is an example, but it does
not support ECC memory under Windows non-server operating systems.
1.3.5 Intel Core i5
The first Core i5 using the Nehalem micro architecture was introduced on September 8,
2009, as a mainstream variant of the earlier Core i7, the Lynnfield core. Lynnfield Core i5
processors have an 8 MB L3 cache, a DMI bus running at 2.5 GT/s and support for dual-
channel DDR3-800/1066/1333 memory and have Hyper-threading disabled. The same
processors with different sets of features (Hyper-Threading and other clock frequencies)
enabled are sold as Core i7-8xx and Xeon 3400-series processors, which should not be
confused with high-end Core i7-9xx and Xeon 3500-series processors based
on Bloomfield. A new feature called Turbo Boost Technology was introduced which
maximizes speed for demanding applications, dynamically accelerating performance to
match the workload.
The Core i5-5xx mobile processors are named Arrandale and based on the 32 nm
Westmere shrink of the Nehalem micro architecture. Arrandale processors have

integrated graphics capability but only two processor cores. They were released in
January 2010, together with Core i7-6xx and Core i3-3xx processors based on the same
chip. The L3 cache in Core i5-5xx processors is reduced to 3 MB, while the Core i5-6xx
uses the full cache and the Core i3-3xx does not support for Turbo Boost. Clarkdale, the
desktop version of Arrandale, is sold as Core i5-6xx, along with related Core i3 and
Pentium brands. It has Hyper-Threading enabled and the full 4 MB L3 cache.
According to Intel "Core i5 desktop processors and desktop boards typically do not
support ECC memory", but information on limited ECC support in the Core i3 section
also applies to Core i5 and i7.
1.3.6. Intel Core i7
Intel Core i7 as an Intel brand name applies to several families of desktop and laptop 64-
bit x86-64 processors using the Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell,
Broadwell and Skylake micro architectures. The Core i7 brand targets the business and
high-end consumer markets for both desktop and laptop computers, and is distinguished
from the Core i3 (entry-level consumer), Core i5 (mainstream consumer),
and Xeon (server and workstation) brands.
Intel introduced the Core i7 name with the Nehalem-based Bloomfield Quad-core
processor in late 2008. In 2009 new Core i7 models based on the Lynnfield(Nehalem-
based) desktop quad-core processor and the Clarks field (Nehalem-based) quad-core
mobile were added, and models based on the Arrandale dual-core mobile processor (also
Nehalem-based) were added in January 2010. The first six-core processor in the Core
line-up is the Nehalem-based Gulf town, which was launched on March 16, 2010. Both
the regular Core i7 and the Extreme Edition are advertised as five stars in the Intel
Processor Rating.
In each of the first three microarchitecture generations of the brand, Core i7 has family
members using two distinct system-level architectures, and therefore two distinct sockets
(for example, LGA 1156 and LGA 1366 with Nehalem). "Core i7" is a successor to
the Intel Core 2 brand. Intel representatives stated that they intend the moniker Core i7 to
help consumers decide which processor to purchase as Intel releases newer Nehalem-
based products in the future

CHAPTER 3
HISTORY OF GENERATIONS
3.1 First Generation (1940-1956)Vacuum Tubes
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and
were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in
addition to using a great deal of electricity, the first computers generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.
First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming
language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one
problem at a time, and it could take days or weeks to set-up a new problem. Input was
based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing
devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client,
the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
Fig 3.1:- First Generation Computer

3.2 Second Generation (1956-1963)Transistors
Transistors replace vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The
transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late
1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become
smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-
generation predecessors.
Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to
damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-generation computers
still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic,
or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in
words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such
as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the first computers that
stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to
magnetic core technology.
 80286 introduced in 1982
 Released also 80287 coprocessor which was identical to 8087 (with some small
compatibility changes that failed on synchronization)
 Protected mode of execution, improved DMA, increased speed, versions for
laptop computers.
 Some of advantages
– 24bit address bus, allowing to address 16MB of memory.
– First ones worked with 6MHz to reach later up to 25MHz
– Did not require cooling fan
– Just 4.5 cycles average per instruction
 Disadvantages
– Couldn’t switch back from protected mode to real mode.
– Addressing was not used, as at the moment hardly any PC had more than 1MB
of memory
– Didn’t cooperate well with math coprocessor (orvice-versa)

3.3 Third Generation (1964-1971)Integrated Circuits
The period of third generation was 1964-1971. The computers of third generation used
integrated circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors
and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby.
This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient. In this
generation remote processing, time-sharing, multi-programming operating system were
used. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC,
ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Fig 3.2:- Third Gen computer
The main features of third generation are:
 IC used
 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations
 Smaller size
 Generated less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Still costly
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Supported high-level language

Some computers of this generation were:
 IBM-360 series
 Honeywell-6000 series
 PDP(Personal Data Processor)
 IBM-370/168
 TDC-316
3.4 Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors
The period of fourth generation was 1971-1980. The computers of fourth generation used
Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors
and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to
have microcomputers of fourth generation. Fourth generation computers became more
powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to personal computer
(PC) revolution. In this generation time sharing, real time, networks, distributed operating
system were used. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in
this generation.
Fig 3.3:- Fourth Gen Computer

The main features of fourth generation are:
 VLSI technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PC's
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No A.C. needed
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Great developments in the fields of networks
 Computers became easily available
3.5 Fifth Generation Artificial Intelligence
The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, the VLSI
technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the
production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This
generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence)
software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets means and
method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C
and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Fig 3.4:- Fifth Gen Computer

The main features of fifth generation are:
 ULSI technology
 Development of true artificial intelligence
 Development of Natural language processing
 Advancement in Parallel Processing
 Advancement in Superconductor technology
 More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features
 Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
3.6 Sixth Generation
The sixth generation of computer differs from previous generations in terms of size,
processing speed and the complexity of tasks that computers can now perform. Back in
the earliest stages of computing, computers contained vacuum tubes and magnetic drums.
They were large, expensive and could only perform one task at a time. They were also
prone to malfunctions and had the self-destructive inclination to overheat due to the vast
amount of electricity it used and heat it generated.
The main features of fifth generation are:
 Less power consumption
 High performance, low cost, very compact
 Portable note book computer introduce

1960 IBM develops the first automatic mass-productionfacility for transistors in
New York.
1969 Intel Corporation is founded by Robert Noyce and GordonMoore.
1972 Intel introduces the 8008 processoronApril 1, 1972.
1976 Intel introduces the 8085 processoronMarch 1976.
1976 The Intel 8086 is introduced June 8, 1976.
1979 The Intel 8088 is released on June 1, 1979.
1982 The Intel 80286 is introduced February 1, 1982
1985 Intel introduces the first 80386 in October1985.
1993 Intel releases the Pentium processoron March 22 1993. The processoris a
60 MHz processor, incorporates 3.1 million transistors and sells for
$878.00.
1994 Intel releases the second generation of Intel Pentium processorsonMarch
7, 1994
1997 Intel Pentium II is introduced on May 7, 1997.
1998 Intel releases the first Xeon processor, the Pentium II Xeon 400 (512K or
1M Cache, 400 MHz, 100 MHz FSB) in June of 1998.
1999 The Intel Pentium III 500 MHz is released on February 26, 1999.
2003 Intel Pentium M is introduced in March.
2006 Intel releases the Core 2 Duo processorE6320 (4M Cache, 1.86 GHz,
1066 MHz FSB) April 22, 2006.
2008 Intel releases the Core 2 Quad processorQ6600 (8M Cache, 2.40 GHz,
1066 MHz FSB) in January 2007.
Table 3.1 :- History of Processor

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM ON CHIP
A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC or SOC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that
integrates all components of a computer or otherelectronic system into a single chip. It
may contain digital, analog, mixed-signal, and often radio-frequency functions—all on a
single chipsubstrate. SoCs are very common in the mobile electronics market because of
their low power consumption. A typical application is in the area of embedded systems.
The contrast with a microcontroller is one of degree. Microcontrollers typically have
under 100 KB of RAM (often just a few kilobytes) and often really are single-chip-
systems, whereas the term SoC is typically used for more powerful processors, capable of
running software such as the desktop versions of Windows and Linux, which need
external memory chips (flash, RAM) to be useful, and which are used with various
external peripherals. In short, for larger systems, the term system on a chip is hyperbole,
indicating technical direction more than reality: a high degree of chip integration, leading
toward reduced manufacturing costs, and the production of smaller systems. Many
systems are too complex to fit on just one chip built with a processor optimized for just
one of the system's tasks.
When it is not feasible to construct a SoC for a particular application, an alternative is
a system in package (SiP) comprising a number of chips in a single package. In large
volumes, SoC is believed to be more cost-effective than SiP since it increases the yield of
the fabrication and because its packaging is simpler.
Another option, as seen for example in higher end cell phones is package on
package stacking during board assembly. The SoC chip includes processors and
numerous digital peripherals, and comes in a ball grid package with lower and upper
connections. The lower balls connect to the board and various peripherals, with the upper
balls in a ring holding the memory buses used to access NAND flash and DDR2 RAM.
Memory packages could come from multiple vendors.

Fig 4.1:- System on Chip
A typical SoC consists of:
 a microcontroller, microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) core
multiprocessor SoCs (MPSoC) having more than one processor core.
 memory blocks including a selection of ROM, RAM, EEPROM and flash memory.
 timing sources including oscillators and phase-locked loops.
 peripherals including counter-timers, real-time timers and power-on reset generators.
 external interfaces, including industry standards such as USB, Firewire, Ethernet.
 analog interfaces including ADCs and DACs.
 voltage regulators and power management circuits.
SoC designs usually consume less power and have a lower cost and higher reliability than
the multi-chip systems that they replace. And with fewer packages in the system,
assembly costs are reduced as well.
However, like most VLSI designs, the total cost is higher for one large chip than for the
same functionality distributed over several smaller chips, because of lower yields and
higher non-recurring engineering costs.

CHAPTER 5
WORKING OF PROCESSOR
5.1 Introduction
what happens when you write a program and then compile it? What is assembler and
what is the basic principle of programming in it? This tutorial should clarify this for you,
it’s not indented to teach you assembly programming itself, but rather give you the
needed basics to understand what’s actually going on under the hood. It also deliberately
simplifies some things, so you’re not overwhelmed by additional information. However, I
assume that you have some knowledge in high level programming (C/C++, Visual Basic,
Python, Pascal, Java, and tons more…).
Also I hope that the more skilled guys will forgive me for simplifying a lot of things here,
my intention was to make the explanation clear and simple for someone who doesn't have
a clue about this topic.
Note: I will be very grateful for any feedback on this. It’s difficult to write explanations
for people who don’t know much about the topic, so I might’ve omitted some important
things or didn’t clarify something enough, so if something is unclear, don’t worry to ask.
5.2 How does the processor (CPU) work?
You might know that the CPU (Central Processing Unit, or simply processor) is the
“brain” of the computer, controlling all other parts of the computer and performing
various calculations and operations with data. But how does it achieve that?
Processor is a circuit that is designed to perform single instructions: actually a whole
series of them, one by one. The instructions to be executed are stored in some memory, in
a PC, it’s the operating memory. Imagine the memory like a large grid of cells. Each cell
can store a small number and each cell has its own unique number – address. The

processor tells the memory address of a cell and the memory responds with the value
(number, but it can represent anything – letters, graphics, sound… everything can be
converted to numerical values) stored in the cell. Of course, the processor can tell the
memory to store a new number in a given cell as well.
Instructions themselves are basically numbers too: each simple operation is assigned its
own unique numeric code. The processor retrieves this number and decides what to do:
for example, number 35 will cause the processor to copy data from one memory cell to
another, number 48 can tell it to add two numbers together, and number 12 can tell it to
perform a simple logical operation called OR.
Which operations are assigned to which numbers is decided by the engineers who design
a given processor, or it’s better to say processor architecture: they decide what number
codes will be assigned to various operations (and of course, they decide other aspects of
the processor, but that’s not relevant now). This set of rules is then called the architecture.
This way, manufactures can create various processors that support a given architecture:
they can differ in speed, power consumption, and price, but they all understand the same
codes as same instructions.
Once the processor completes the action determined by the code (the instruction), it
simply requests the following one and repeats the whole process. Sometimes it can also
decide to jump to different places in the memory, for example to some subroutine
(function) or jump a few cells back to a previous instruction and execute the same
sequence again – basically creating a loop. The sequence of numerical codes that form the
program is called machine code.

CHAPTER 6
COMPONENT OF PROCESSOR
A processor contains the following components,
 Control Unit - fetches, decodes, executes instructions.
 Arithmetic & Logic Unit - performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.
 Registers - fast, on-chip memory inside the CPU, dedicated or general purpose.
 Internal Clock - derived directly or indirectly from the system clock
 Internal Buses - to connect the components.
 Logic Gates - to control the flow of information.
Fig 6.1:- Components of Processor
6.1 Control Unit
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that
directs operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit
and input and output devices how to respond to a program's instructions.

It directs the operation of the other units by providing timing and control signals.[citation
needed] Most computer resources are managed by the CU. It directs the flow of data
between the CPU and the other devices. John von Neumann included the control unit as
part of the von Neumann architecture. In modern computer designs, the control unit is
typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged since
its introduction
6.2 Arithmetic logic unit
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic
and bitwise logical operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-
point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. An ALU is a fundamental
building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing
unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs). A single CPU,
FPU or GPU may contain multiple ALUs.
The inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code
indicating the operation to be performed; the ALU's output is the result of the performed
operation. In many designs, the ALU also exchanges additional information with a status
register, which relates to the result of the current or previous operations.
6.3 Memory Unit
In computing, memory refers to the computer hardware devices used to store information
for immediate use in a computer; it is synonymous with the term "primary storage".
Computer memory operates at a high speed, for example random-access memory(RAM),
as a distinction from storage that provides slow-to-access program and data storage but
offers higher capacities. If needed, contents of the computer memory can be transferred
to secondary storage, through a memory management technique called "virtual memory".
An archaic synonym for memory is store.

CHAPTER 7
CONCEPT OF TICK TOCK FOLLOWED BY INTEL
"Tick-Tock" is a model adopted by chip manufacturer Intel Corporation from 2007 to
follow every microarchitectural change with a die shrink of the process technology. Every
"tick" represents a shrinking of the process technology of the previous microarchitecture
(sometimes introducing new instructions, as with Broadwell, released in late 2014) and
every "tock" designates a new microarchitecture.[1] Every year to 18 months, there is
expected to be one tick or tock.[2] Starting 2014 Intel realized "Refresh" cycles after a
tock in form of a smaller update to the microarchitecture. It's said this is done because of
the expanding times to the next tick.
Fig 7.1 :- Intel’s tick tock model

CHAPTER 8
INTEL 6th
Gen PROCESSOR
The 6th Gen Intel Core™ processor family and Intel Xeon processors for mobile
workstations are Intel’s newest wave of 14nm processors. Along with the Intel 100 Series
and Intel CM236 chipsets, they deliver a leap in performance and power effi ciency,
provide stunning visuals, enable the broadest range of designs, and enable amazing user
experiences when paired with Windows 10. These are Intel’s best processors ever, setting
a new standard of computing with 2.5x better productivity performance, 3x longer battery
life, and 30x better 3D graphics performance when compared to a 5-year-old notebook
PC1. The 6th Gen Intel Core processor family is our most scalable processor family ever,
enabling a diverse range of form factors to meet every lifestyle and work style–from
compute sticks, tablets, ultra-thin 2 in 1 detachable and convertibles, sleek Ultrabooks
and clamshell notebooks to All-in-One desktop PCs, mini desktops, workstations and
gaming systems.
The Skylake architecture being used in 6th Gen Intel Core and Intel Xeon processors has
been in development for more than four years, with the goal to deliver high processor and
graphics performance, high-resolution video playback, and seamless responsiveness for
fanless systems with low power usage while retaining the capability to scale up to the
most powerful mobile workstations and enthusiast desktop systems. The result is
immersive experiences with up to 40% better graphics performance2 (versus the previous
generation graphics) and a power-sipping 4K video playback capability. The Skylake
architecture made it possible to realize a stunning improvement in energy efficiency–up
to 60% for some SKUs3–while enabling higher levels of performance.
Fig 8.1:- 6th Gen processor

The Skylake architecture also enabled several firsts, including Intel Xeon processors for
mobile workstations and two new desktop K SKUs, as well as a new mobile K SKU that
have enhanced overclocking through BCLK and DDR4 overclocking. The 6th Gen Intel
Core processor family delivers a new generation of Intel graphics and features designed
to improve performance and battery life while taking full advantage of Windows 10. 6th
Gen Intel Core processors introduce the powerful Intel® 500 Series graphics (including
Intel® HD graphics, Intel® Iris™ graphics, and Intel® Iris™ Pro graphics) as well as
other new features that may include: adaptive performance, modern standby, key feature
integration such as an image signal processor4 and eMMC memory card interface,
support for DirectX 12, Intel® Speed Shift Technology, Thunderbolt™ 3 with USB-C,
and broader scaling across the product family. Intel® Core™ m processors will also now
include the brand levels Intel Core m3, m5 and m7 to provide people with more clarity
and choice in finding the Intel Core m processor device that best suits their specific needs.
8.1 Key benefits of the 6th Gen Intel Core processor
8.1.1 LEAP IN PERFORMANCE.
6th Gen Intel Core and Intel Xeon processors harness the power of Intel’s leading 14nm
process. They were designed from the ground up to take advantage of the latest 3D
transistors allowing for lower power consumption and more transistors for adding
capabilities and enhancing performance, such as graphics and media, while still
delivering great battery life. 6th Gen Intel Core i5 processors compared to previous
generation Intel Core i5 processors deliver up to 60% better compute gen on gen5. In
addition, with Intel® Speed Shift Technology system responsiveness will increase with
20-45% performance improvement.
8.1.2 POWER EFFICIENT.
Intel continues to drive battery life improvements, and the 6th Gen Intel Core processor
family and Intel Xeon processors continue to deliver power efficiency savings. With
power management and design improvements, plus the increased efficiency of Intel’s
14nm manufacturing process and a 33% smaller package, Intel® Core™ m processor-
based platforms can be thinner and lighter, with up to 10 hours of battery life7. In
addition, Intel tests show up to 60% lower power consumption for the high-performance

6th Gen Intel Core H-series processors (45W)8, and the benefit is more performance
without sacrificing battery life.
8.1.3 STUNNING VISUALS.
New Intel® 500 Series graphics deliver up to 40% better graphics performance9 and 20%
faster 4K transcode10 plus dedicated hardware support for 4K playback enables a great
4K experience at a fraction of the power of previous generation systems. Processor
resources are also freed up so users can interact with the system more smoothly. 6th Gen
Intel Core processors support enhanced game playability including DirectX 12 games that
will run fast on PCs with long battery life and that run efficiently in terms of low
processor utilization.
8.1.4 AMAZING EXPERIENCES.
The performance of 6th Gen Intel Core processors enable great user experiences today
and in the future, including no wires, no passwords, and more natural and immersive user
interfaces. When paired with Intel® RealSense™ technology and Windows 10, 6th Gen
Intel Core processors can help remove the hassle of remembering and typing in
passwords. Intel is also introducing the first long-range, world-facing Intel RealSense
Camera (R200) for select 2 in 1 detachables to enable usages like 3D scan and share,
depth capture and measurement, and enhanced photo and video.
8.1.5 BETTER SECURITY.
The Skylake architecture has been designed to enable better security, including Intel®
Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) that can provide an additional level of
hardware-based protection by putting data into a secure container on the platform, and
Intel® Memory Protection Extensions (Intel® MPX) that can help prevent buff er fl ow
attacks. To be fully utilized, Intel SGX and Intel MPX require additional software
capabilities, which will begin to be delivered by the ecosystem later this year.
8.2 Intel has partnered with Microsoft for the best Windows 10
experiences:
Intel has partnered with Microsoft to optimize Windows® 10 experiences on 6th Gen
Intel Core-powered systems and devices. Intel’s platform innovations together with
Windows 10 create new experiences that help people have more secure PCs while

removing the hassle of remembering and typing passwords, manage their lives without
ever having to touch a keyboard and mouse, enjoy stunning 4K video content, and enable
new levels of performance. For example:
 Windows Hello and the Intel RealSense Camera (F200) enable a fast, more secure
user authentication and login through advanced facial recognition for a superior,
power-managed userexperience.
 Cortana* personal digital assistant with improved speech algorithm tuning, voice
activation capabilities and improvements in microphone, power, latency, and
responsiveness. Additionally, upcoming support for hardware offload for
improved power/performance on 6th Gen Intel Core processors.

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