Final Year Project : - Arduino based ‘Intelligent Green House' A complete greenhouse monitoring and controlling system ,that is automated, updating each and every detail on internet that can be accessed from anywhere. For sensors, it uses a light sensor, temperature sensor, moisture sensor, humidity sensor and all the updates will be available on internet through Ethernet shield through which the user can take care of the garden even when not at home.

1. THE SMART GREENHOUSE
ARDUINO BASED INTELLIGENT GREENHOUSE
By Amit saini

2. INTRODUCTION
•What is a Greenhouse?

3. •Greenhouses are controlled-area-environment to grow
plants.
•It is a structural building with different types of covering
materials, such as a glass or plastic roof and frequently
glass or plastic walls.
•It heats up because incoming visible solar radiation (for
which the glass is transparent) from the sun is absorbed
by plants ,soil, and other things inside the building.

5. AUTOMATED GREENHOUSE
• Greenhouses form an important part of the agriculture and horticulture
sectors of a country.
• They can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for
optimal production.
• Automated greenhouse involves the automatic monitoring and controlling
of climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the plant
growth and hence their production.
• In order to control the climate factors and environment autonomously ,it
is required a computer/software equipment.

6. The open-source electronics prototyping platform

7. WHAT IS ARDUINO ?

8. ARDUINO IS AN
• open-source electronics prototyping platform/environment .
• The Arduino is built for designers and artists—people with little technical
expertise.

9. PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
• The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software IDE .
• The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a Bootloader
that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external
hardware programmer.
• You can also bypass the Bootloader and program the microcontroller
through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.
• Arduino IDE works on windows , linux as well as Mac lion X platforms.

10. ARDUINO IDE

11. BRIEF HISTORY OF ARDUINO
• In 2005, a project was initiated to make a device for controlling student-built
interactive design projects that was less expensive than other prototyping
systems available at the time.
• Founders Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles named the project after
Arduin of Ivrea and began producing boards in a small factory located in
Ivrea.

12. ADVANTAGES OF ARDUINO
• Huge documentation and support
• Larger library collection
• Open source
• Simplified and user-friendly programming language
• No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board
• Highly Portable
• Low power consumption
• Highly customizable

13. THE BASIC ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino UNO Board

14. “ARDUINO IN THE GREENHOUSE”
• Arduino is the heart of the The Intelligent Greenhouse.
• Arduino boards are able to receive, analyse and send data in order to
maximise plant growth and health.

15. BENEFITS
• Automatically control environmental conditions within greenhouse allowing any
type of plants to be grown all year round
• Eliminates risk of greenhouse not being maintained at specific environmental
conditions due to human error
• Minimizes labor costs involved in maintaining a greenhouse
• Customer able to define specific greenhouse conditions
• “Plug-and play” product

16. FEATURES
• Detect and maintain temperatures from -40°C to 125°C.
• Detect and maintain humidity levels between 5% RH and 95% RH
• Detect sunlight and artificial light.
• Detect and maintain moisture in soil.
• Continuously update of statistics and parameters over the internet.

17. OBJECTIVE

18. • Build miniature greenhouse which is equipped with automatic monitoring
and controlling system
• Constantly monitor and control environmental conditions in greenhouse to
ensure it remains at preset temperature, light, moisture and humidity
levels.
• It focuses on saving water, increasing efficiency and reducing the
environmental impacts on plants production.
• The user can see the atmospheric conditions of the greenhouse plants on
website and control the greenhouse from far away places.

19. FUNCTIONS
• Lower Temperature: 1 Cooling Fan
• Raise temperature: Heater (indicated by Bulb for demonstration purposes)
• Decrease humidity level: 1 Exhaust Fan
• Increase moisture level: Water pump connected to a water tank
• Increase lighting condition: Fluorescent Light-bulb
• Transmission of data over internet: Ethernet shield

20. MINIATURE GREENHOUSE
WITH AUTOMATED SYSTEM

21. REVIEW ORIGINAL DESIGN

22. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
• Voltage output from sensors sent as inputs into Arduino
• Based on input values, Arduino outputs specific
voltages to turn ON/OFF devices
• Temperature sensor
• Humidity sensor
• Moisture Sensor
• Ambient Light Sensor
Sensors
• ATmega8
• I/O Ports
Arduino • Heater/Fan
• Exhaust Fan
• Fluorescent Light-bulb
• Water Pump
• Internet
• LCD
Devices

23. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
SPECIFICATIONS

24. HARDWARE
ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
ETHERNET SHIELD
LCD DISPLAY
SENSORS
FANS AND RELAYS
WATER PUMP

25. ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller` ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage
(recommended)
7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 Ma
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 Ma
Flash Memory
32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used
by bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

27. ETHERNET SHIELD
• The Arduino Ethernet shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet using
the Ethernet library and to read and write an SD card using the SD library.
• The shield is mounted on top of the
arduino board and can be Connected
to your computer or a network hub or
router using a standard Ethernet cable
(CAT5 or CAT6 with RJ45 connectors).

28. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT
• An AC source, a transformer, and a bridge rectifier (full diode bridge) can
turn an AC "wall" source into a usable DC source for low-voltage electronics.

29. LCD DISPLAY
• A LCD is connected with arduino at 7th,
6th, 5th, 9th, 3rdand 8th pins to display
the reading of various sensors .
• ‘T’ represents temperature, ’H’
represents Humidity , ‘M’ represents
Moisture and ‘L’ represents internal
Light intensity of the greenhouse, on the
LCD.

30. SENSORS

31. AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
• A light sensor, as its name suggests, is a device
that is used to detect light.
• A photocell or photo resistor for example, is a
small sensor that changes its resistance when light
shines on it; they are used in many consumer
products to determine the intensity of light.
• Operating temperature: -20°C to 75°C
• Wavelength Measurement Range: 400nm to
1100nm

32. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
• Manufacturer: Texas Instruments LM35
• FEATURES DESCRIPTION:
• Calibrated Directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
• Linear + 10 mV/°C Scale Factor
• 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at +25°C)
• LM35 has an advantage over linear temperature
• Rated for Full −55°C to +150°C Range
• Suitable for Remote Applications
• Low Cost Due to Wafer-Level Trimming
• Operates from 4 to 30
• Low Self-Heating, 0.08°C in Still Air
• Nonlinearity Only ±¼°C Typical
• Low Impedance Output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA Load

33. HUMIDITY SENSOR
• A humidity sensor, also called a hygrometer, measures and regularly reports the
relative humidity in the air.
• Humidity sensor SY-HS-220 is used to sense the humidity of the air in the green
house.
• The warmer the air is, the more moisture it
can hold, so relative humidity changes
with fluctuations in temperature.
• Operating temperature: 5°C to 45°C
• Humidity Measurement Range: 5%RH to
95%RH.
• If the humidity exceeds the maximum limit
then the exhaust fan attached with Arduino
will be switched ON automatically.

34. MOISTURE SENSOR
• Soil moisture sensor measure the
water content in soil.
• This basic cheap soil moisture sensor
consists of two probes (the metal
rods) held apart at a fixed distance
by some insulating material.

35. DEVICES
• 1 Cooling Fan
• Heater (Bulb)
• 1 Exhaust Fan
• Water Pump
• Fluorescent Light-bulb

36. TRANSISTORS TO POWER COOLING FANS,
EXHAUST FANS & RELAY
• Power supply: 5V
• Recommended Collector Current: 500mA
• Recommended Base Current: 50mA
• Transistors used as switches to provide 5V to
connected devices.
• To ensure circuit functions properly, followed
recommended current flow through resistor.
• To obtain required current flows, applied
Ohm’s law and obtained current limiting
resistor for collector to be 10Ω and 100 Ω for
the base.
• These specifications enable circuit to function
properly
DEVICES10 Ohm
64
5
100 Ohm
0
5Vdc0
ZENER DIODE (5.6V)
ARDUINO OUTPUT

37. RELAY TO TURN ON/OFF FLUORESCENT
LIGHT BULB, WATER PUMP AND FANS
• DC voltage: 5V
• DC current: 500mA.
• Relay enables AC current to flow by
implementing a switch within the device which
is controlled by DC current.
• The relay is supposed to allow AC current
through when no dc current is flowing.
• When DC current is passes through, relay will
flick switch to ground, therefore causing open
circuit for AC current flow.

38. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

39. POWER SUPPLY

40. SOFTWARE

41. ARDUINO IDE 1.0.1
• The Arduino integrated development
environment (IDE) is a cross-platform app.
written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for
the Processing programming language and the
Wiring projects.
• A program or code written for Arduino is
called a "sketch".
• The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and
AVR Libc to compile programs, and uses
avrdude to upload programs to the board.

42. OUTPUT OF THE SENSORS
Temperature sensor:
• If the temperature exceeds beyond the limit set then a fan will be automatically switched
ON as a coolant to reduce the temperature.
• When it reaches the desired temperature the fan will be switched OFF automatically with the
help of a relay.
• But if the temperature decreases bellow the optimum temperature a bulb as a heater will be
switched ON to set the temperature within the desired range.
Light sensor:
• Light sensor sense the light and set an optimum light in the greenhouse for the plants.
• An artificial light will be switched ON automatically by the light sensor with the help of relay
if there is insufficient light for the plants in the greenhouse
• And the light is switched OFF automatically when the plants get sufficient light from the sun.

43. Moisture sensor:
• Soil moisture sensor check the water present in the soil.
• If there is not proper water in the soil then moisture sensor sends signal to the water
pump which as a result pumps up the water from the tank and provide sufficient
amount of water to the soil.
• When the sensor senses the threshold value of water level in the soil it automatically
turn OFF the pump.
Humidity sensor:
• Humidity sensor is used to check the humidity of the air in the greenhouse.
• If the humidity exceeds the limit set then an exhaust fan will be switched ON with the
help of relay to throw the humid air out of the greenhouse to maintain the suitable
environment for the plants.

44. INSTANTANEOUS OUTPUT OF SENSORS
DISPLAYED ON A WEBSITE

45. RESULTS/CONCLUSION OF PROJECT
Temperature, Heat, Moisture and Light Sensors are the four main sensors used in
the project which give the exact value of temperature, heat, moisture and light
respectively. These sensors give the correct result according to the plant's
condition. These results can be seen on the LCD screen present on the project
and on a INTERNET WEBSITE.

46. SUMMARY
• Project successful; features described in Proposal functioned accordingly
• Engineering knowledge acquired over the years fully applied and tested
• Acquired many new skills and knowledge; improved researching and trouble-
shooting techniques
• Believe that product will be a success in the market as the “Push for Green”
and environmental concerns intensifies in near future

47. THE GALLERY

48. FRONT VIEW REAR VIEW

49. INTERNAL VIEW TOP VIEW

50. THANK YOU

51. ANY QUESTIONS?