2. ï§ Mr. Bennet, owner of the Longbourn estate in Hertfordshire, has 5 daughters, but his
property is entailed & can only be passed to a male heir.
ï§ His wife also lacks an inheritance, so his family faces becoming very poor upon his
death.
ï§ Thus, it is imperative that at least one of the girls marry well to support the others
ï§ Centers on the burgeoning relationship between Elizabeth Bennet & Fitzwilliam
Darcy, a rich aristocratic landowner
3. ï§ tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a life of sapient
creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment & was horrified by what he had made
ï§ Captain Walton's introductory narrative ï Victor Frankenstein's narrative ï The
Creature's narrative ï Victor Frankenstein's narrative resumes ï Captain Walton's
conclusion
ï§ Captain Walton's introductory narrative: A frame story written in epistolary form: a
fictional correspondence between him & his sister, Margaret Walton Saville
ï§ Besides being a Gothic novel, also considered as one of the first science-fiction novel
4. ï§ Born in a workhouse, the orphan is sold into apprenticeship. After escaping, He travels
to London, where he meets the âArtful Dodger", a member of a gang of juvenile
pickpockets led by the elderly criminal Fagin
ï§ unromantically portrays the poor lives of criminals, and exposes the cruel treatment of
the many orphans, child labor & domestic violence
ï§ may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of
working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely
that Dickens's own experiences
5. ï§ Jane, a seemingly plain & simple girl as she battles through her cruel & abusive Aunt Reed,
the grim conditions at Lowood school, her love for Rochester & his marriage to Bertha.
ï§ Jane overcomes these obstacles through her determination, sharp wit & courage. The novel
ends with Jane married to Rochester with children of their own.
ï§ Bildungsroman following the experiences of its eponymous heroine: her growth to adulthood
ï§ Prose fiction told from first-person narrative: actions & events are colored by a psychological
intensity ï "first historian of the private consciousness"
ï§ Contains social criticism with a strong sense of Christian morality at its core
ï§ Considered by many to be ahead of its time because of Jane's individualistic character & how
it approaches the topics of sexuality, religion & feminism
ï§ Its elements echo BrontĂ«'s own life. She & her sisters went to a school run by a headmaster
as severe as Mr Brocklehurst. Two of Charlotte's sisters died there from TBC (like Jane's
only friend, Helen Burns). Brontë was also a governess for some years
6. ï§ concerns two families of the landed gentry the Earnshaws & the Lintons, & their
turbulent relationships with Earnshaw's adopted mysterious gypsy-like son, Heathcliff,
treated like a servant
ï§ Revenge ï he ran away from the young woman whom he loved very much & decided to
marry another, to then after he returns as rich & educated, & sets about to get his
revenge on the two families that he believed ruined his life.
ï§ controversial for its depictions of mental and physical cruelty, & for its challenges to
morality, religious & societal Victorian values
7. ï§ Framed as a series of letters from Gilbert Markham to his friend about the events
connected with his meeting a mysterious young widow, calling herself Helen Graham,
who arrives at Wildfell Hall, an Elizabethan mansion which has been empty for many
years, with her young son & a servant
ï§ She pursues an artist's career & makes an income by selling her pictures. Her strict
seclusion soon gives rise to gossip in the neighboring village & she becomes a social
outcast
ï§ Refusing to believe anything scandalous about her, Gilbert befriends her & discovers
her past. In the diary she gives Gilbert, she chronicles her husband's physical & moral
decline through alcohol & debauchery in the dissipated aristocratic society.
ï§ Ultimately she flees with her son, whom she desperately wishes to save from his
father's influence.
ï§ The depiction of marital strife & women's professional identification has also a strong
moral message mitigated by Brontë's belief in universal salvation
8. ï§ A young girl falls through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world of
anthropomorphic creatures.
ï§ Its play with logic gives the story lasting popularity with adults as well as children
ï fantasy (literary nonsense genre)
ï§ its narrative, structure, characters and Imagery ï symbolism ï parodies
ï§ sequel Through the Looking-Glass (1871) & a shortened version for young children The
Nursery âAliceâ (1890)
ï§ has never been out of print & has been translated into at least 97 languages
9. ï§ Novella version in the July 1890 issue of Lippincottâs Monthly Magazine ï Philosophical
novel
ï§ revolves around a portrait of Dorian Gray by Basil Hallward, whom is impressed &
infatuated by his beauty. Through him, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton & he soon is
enthralled by the aristocrat's hedonistic worldview: that beauty & sensual fulfilment are
the only things worth pursuing in life.
ï§ Newly understanding that his beauty will fade, Dorian expresses the desire to sell his
soul, to ensure that the picture, rather than he, will age & fade.
ï§ The wish is granted & Dorian pursues a libertine life of varied amoral experiences while
staying young & beautiful; all the while, his portrait ages & records every one of
Dorian's sins
10. ï§ Epistolary novelï the narrative is through letters, diary entries, & newspaper articles.
ï§ has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker, taking a business
trip to stay at the castle of a Transylvanian noble, Count Dracula. He escapes the castle
discovering Dracula is a vampire
ï§ Dracula moves to England & plagues the seaside town of Whitby. A small group, led by
Abraham van Helsing, hunt Dracula and, in the end, kill him
ï§ Gothic ï horror ï excessively frightening
ï§ Gender & (homo)sexuality, race (of Jews), Disease (vampirism)
11. ï§ Novella tells the story of Charles Marlow, a sailor who takes on an assignment from
a Belgian trading company as a ferry captain in the African interior.
ï§ Marlow is given a text by Kurtz, an ivory trader working on a trading station far up the
river, who has "gone native" and is the object of Marlow's expedition.
ï§ widely regarded as a critique of European colonialism, whilst also examining the
themes of power dynamics & morality.
ï§ Although Conrad does not name the river where the narrative takes place, at the time
of writing the Congo Free State, the location of the large & economically
important Congo, was a private colony of Belgium's King Leopold II.
12. ï§ Novel of manners ï satire on class, wealth, marriage
ï§ Romance ï young girls marry up with older men
ï§ Coming-off age ï self knowledge
ï§ Gothic
ï§ Female writers used pseudonym