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Reducing Supervision: Making More
with Less
Martial Hebert, Carnegie Mellon University
Training Model
Training Model
Training Model
Wet PossumPossum
Wet PossumPossum
Training Model
Model dynamics
Primal: Data space
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
Dual: Model space
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
Dual: Model space
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
𝜃𝑆𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘
Dual: Model space
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
𝜃𝑆𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘
Dual: Model space
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
𝜃𝑆𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘
Dual: Model space
Model dynamics
Learning to learn from small samples
𝜃 𝑑𝑜𝑔
∗
𝜃 𝑑𝑜𝑔
𝑜
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
∗
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
𝑜
Res1
q1
0
Res2 Res3 Res4 Res5
q2
0
q4
0
q8
0
q16
0
q*
Type Method Accuracy
(%)
Plain ResNet152 48.03
Balanced-Data
Over-Sampling 52.61
Down-Sampling 51.72
Balanced-Loss Cost-Sensitive 52.37
Ours MetaModelNet 57.34
He et al. 2016.
Shen et al. 2016.
Huang et al. 2016
Model dynamics
Learning to learn from small samples
Domain envelope
𝜃 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Category index
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
#Occurrences
Model dynamics
Learning to learn from small samples
Domain envelope
Composition
Possum
Possum
Wet
Possum
Possum
Wet
Possum
Dog
Furry
Possum
Wet
Possum
Dog
Wet
Dog
Furry
Possum
Wet
Possum
Dog
Wet
Dog
Furry
Wet Fur
Possum
Wet
Dog
Possum
Compose
Wet
Dog
Possum
Wet
Possum
Compose
Wet
Dog
Attributes
Big
Red
Old
Traditional vision system
Attributes
Big
Red
Old
Images for Red
Traditional vision system
Attributes
Objects
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Big
Red
Old
Traditional vision system
Attribute
s
Objects
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Big
Red
Old
Images for Tomato
Traditional vision system
Big
Attributes
Objects
Red
Old
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Red
Tomato
Traditional vision system
Big
Attributes
Objects
Red
Old
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Red
Tomato
Images for Red Tomato
Traditional vision system
Big
Attributes
Objects
Red
Old
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Red
Tomato
Separate classifier for red, tomato and red tomato
Traditional vision system
Attributes
Objects
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Big
Red
Old
Red Wine
Separate classifier for red, wine and red wine
Red
Tomato
Traditional vision system
Attributes
Objects
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Big
Red
Old
Combinations
Separate classifiers for objects, attributes, and pairs
Traditional vision system
Attributes
Objects
ElephantWine TomatoTV Dog
Big
Red
Old
Combinations
Traditional system problem: Lots of labels
Cannot compose existing concepts
Cannot generalize well
possum
wet
wet possum
+ =
Traditional system problem: Generalize
Red
Wine
Compositionality
Transform
Transform
Network
Classifier
Weights
Red
Wine
Combination Classifier
Classifier
Weights
Red
Wine
Classifier
Weights
Wet
Dog
Wet dog
Transform Network
Compositionality
Transform
D
Wine
Classifier
Weights
LeakyReLU
LeakyReLU
Red
D
Red
Wine
Input Concepts
Model regression – Wang & Hebert, 2016
Red
Wine
Classifier
Weights
Red
Wine
Imag
Label
Red
Wine ConvNet
Dot
Produc
t
Loss
Transform
Network
Train on few combinations
Classifier
Weights
Combination
Classifier
Wet
Dog
Wet
Dog
Transform
NetworkWet
Attributes
Objects
Red
Old
PossumWine TomatoTV Dog
Combinations
Train
Test on unseen combinations
Wet
Attributes
Objects
Red
Old
PossumWine TomatoTV Dog
Combinations
Train
Classifier
Weights
Combination
Classifier
Wet
Possum
Wet
Possum
Transform
Network
Test
Retrievals on unseen pairs
Cracked egg Peeled egg
New truck Rusted truck
Broken phone Broken glasses
Moving Beyond Two Inputs:
Subject Predicate Objects
Subject: man
Object: bicycle
Different predicates
Extension of standard SVO tasks – Sadeghi & Farhadi, 2011
riding falling pushing carrying
Model dynamics
Learning to learn from small samples
Domain envelope
Composition
Simulation
Synthetic world Real world
Model dynamics
Learning to learn from small samples
Domain envelope
Composition
Simulation
Evolving the network structure
Task I Task II
Evolving the Model Structure
Task I Task II
Novel task
image
Novel task
ground truth
Novel task
image
Novel task
ground truth
Novel task
image
Novel task
ground truth
Novel task
image
Novel task
ground truth
Novel task
image
Novel task
ground truth
Augmented Pre-trained Classifier
Pre-Trained Network
Depth Augmented
Network
Jointly Depth and Width Augmented
Network
Width Augmented
Network
Recursively Width Augmented
Network
Conventional Fine-Tuning
fc6 fc7 fca
Fine-tuning
Our approach
Consistent improvement across classification
benchmarks
AlexNet
WideAlexNet
Ours (progressive widening)
But wait... is this simple stating that deeper (or
wider) networks are better?

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