CA #1- A. Lowman

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Reading Strategies
Before, During & After
Elementary Education
RED 4348
Amanda Lowman

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Reading Strategies
 Before Reading- This will help students prepare for the
reading.
 During Reading- These are tools and strategies that will help
the student understand the content while they are reading it.
 After Reading- These strategies will help the student
comprehend what was read.

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Before Reading…
 Activate Prior Knowledge
 Set a purpose for reading
 Explore New Vocabulary
 Complete a K-W-L Chart
 Skim through the text

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Activate Prior Knowledge
 Find out what you already know about what you will read.
 Set a starting point for which the content will begin.

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Set A Purpose For Reading
 Relate the text to real world experiences.
 Give a reason and meaning to the lesson (the bigger picture).
 Get your students excited about reading!

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Explore New Vocabulary
 Pull words that may be unfamiliar and spend time defining and
describing them.
 Pull words that may be hard to pronounce and practice them as
a class.
 Use context clues in the text to discover meaning.

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K-W-L Chart
 Know- What do the students know about what they’re going to
read?
 Do they know the writer?
 Do they know the topic?
 Do they know where it takes place?
If yes to any of these find out what they do know and place it in the “K”
Column.
 Want to Know- What do they want to know about what they will
read?
 What excites them?
 What makes them want to read the text?
 Learned- Completed in the After Reading Section

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Skim
 Skimming through the text can help the students become
familiar with the text and essentially more comfortable.
 Have them review the headings, titles, pictures, font, page
numbers, etc.
 A general (not detailed) flip through a book.

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Great Job!
 You’ve completed the beginning stages of reading!
 What do we do now….....
READ!!

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During Reading
 Find the Hot Spots
 Story Maps
 Making Inferences
 Visualize
 Partner Reading

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Find the Hot Spots
 This is a strategy/game that the students can do while reading.
 How does it work? (Bursuck & Damer, 2011, p. 318)
 Hand the students a variety of colors of Post-It Notes.
 Have the students place a pink Post-It on words they do not know.
 Have the students place a green Post-It on pages they were excited
about.
 Have the students place blue where the author write about a
problem.

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Story Maps
 Story Maps are a form of a graphic organizer.
 Story Maps focus on understanding and retelling stories
(Bursuck & Damer, 2011, p. 287).
 Categories that can be used for a Story Map:
 Characters
 Setting
 Problem/Conflict
 Attempts to correct the problem or conflict
 Resolution
 Lesson/Big Idea/What was learned

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Making Inferences
 This can be thought of as- reading between the lines.
 The students subconsciously make sense of the material being
read by reading the text and finding information not directly
given by the author.
 This is useful with the Question-Answer-Response method.

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Visualize
 This will help the students better understand what they are
reading.
 Encourage your students to make pictures in their heads as
they read.
 You could even have them illustrate a scene in the story that
would help them better understand the setting or conflict
happening at that moment.
 This also helps your ESE and students with disabilities as it will
give them another form of receiving information.

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Partner Reading
 Partner Reading is just as the name says- it is two people
reading a text together.
 This is a great way to pair students based on abilities.
 Students can then use accountable talk to discuss the text and
make inferences.

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Awesome!!
 You just finished reading!!
 Now what??
AFTER Reading Strategies!

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After Reading Strategies
 Timelines
 Venn Diagrams
 Retell the Story
 Complete the “L” portion of K-W-L
 Think-Alouds

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Timelines
 Timelines are great for texts that require students to reflect on
dates or a series of events.
 Students will begin at the left end of a line with the oldest or
first event and will continue to the end of the line, ending with
the last event.
 Students can focus on the core information in the text rather
than the details of it.
 This could be a great study guide for students as well.

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Venn Diagram
 A Venn Diagram is a great way to help the students pull
information together.
 Draw two circles with the inner edges overlapping to create a
third circle in the middle. The students will focus one circle on a
specific set of information as well as the second circle while the
circle in the middle will be how the two are alike.
 This is great for comparing and contrasting texts or events.

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Retell the Story
 Retelling the story will help the students connect the dots in the
text and state it in their own words to show comprehension.
 You can have an entire class read the same text but each
student will get something different from it. Having them all
share what they read can bring clarity to other students.

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Complete “L” Portion of K-W-L
 The “L” Portion of the K-W-L chart will show what the students
have learned.
 Revisit what they “Knew” to see if they were right.
 Revisit what they “Wanted to Know” and see if you can answer
their questions.
 This is a great way to link before reading strategies with an
after reading strategy.

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Think-Alouds
 Think Alouds are a great way to get your students to share their
thoughts with you and with one another.
 The teacher describes their thought process as they read to
model comprehension strategies for the students.
 Ie: I know that when John went to the store Mary did…
 Ie: When Sally was crying it reminded me of...
 You could also link it to their current vocabulary or a current event
happenin
 These are effective when tackling a difficult text.

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References:
 Bursuck W.D., Damer, M. (2011) Teaching reading to students
who are at Risk or Have Disabilities: A Multi-Tier Approach (2nd
ed.) Boston, Ma; Pearson Education Inc.
 George R.R. Martin Quote. (2016). Retrieved March 31, 2016
from, https://quotefancy.com/quote/109/George-R-R-Martin-A-
reader-lives-a-thousand-lives-before-he-dies-The-man-who-
never-reads.