Inspired by reading an Article titled: " Guiding Principles to Understand the future of Leadership" - Prof Basil Leonard, Head of the Leadership Programme at the University of Stellenbosch Graduate School of Business, I wrote a free-flow Opinion Piece - which deals with commentary & insights about the Quality of Leadership, the Determinants of inspiring and motivation Leadership Styles, the need for systemicity as well as an emphasis on the concept of: " Leadership is everybody's Business". Though the original article is focuses more on political leadership, given the imminent National Elections in South Africa, I have allowed for commentary and insights across the spectrum of leadership needs. These are my thoughts on this good day - the intent of which is to hopefully catalyse further thought, dialogue and dialectic - mostly, it hopes to achieve transformation from the old style of leadership to a new, inclusive, non-hierarchical system. It also seeks to mobilise every citizen of the world to realise their responsibilities as Leaders.

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FREE-FLOW OPINION PIECE: INSPIRED BY THE SUBSTANCE & CONTENT OF: “GUIDING PRINCIPLES
TO UNDERSTAND THE FUTURE OF LEADERSHIP”
An article written by Prof Basil Leonard: Head of the Centre of Leadership Studies: University of
Stellenbosch Graduate School of Business – Appended at the end of the OpEd
10 April 2014
 NOTE: The views expressed within this piece have been written in free-flow, have not
been edited and represent purely instinctive thoughts, insights, questions and
commentary – which all have the intent to stimulate dialogue – whether that be
engaging in an inner dialogue only and/or in a combination of both inner and outer
dialogue.
Elucidating article, written by Prof Basil Leonard: Head of the Centre of Leadership Studies
[University of Stellenbosch Graduate School of Business] - focusing on two of his areas of
expertise: Leadership and Emotional Intelligence. A short and powerful piece of writing,
which makes some social as well as practical commentary on the future of Leadership in our
country - and which provides a simple framework within which Government specifically
could re-evaluate how Leadership candidates are selected and evaluated.
The well-written and well-structured content of the article made me sit up, take note [and
make notes] and furthermore, inspired me to think deeply. It moved me to set time aside, to
extract some of the most pertinent points and I have taken the liberty of adding my own
form of diagnosis, commentary, questions & insights:
[The CAVEAT to this OpEd:
* None of the insights, commentary & statements are stated as being axiomatic or
generalised - in other words, I am not tarring all politicians and officials with the same brush.
This is a case of: " if the shoe fits" - no matter the Party Political affiliation or public
persona/profile [ I have learnt that a great many "leaders" who would be deified, by virtue of
the glossy, shiny facade that has been so aptly created by the machinations of the Doctors
of Spin, remain human & extremely fallible. The thin veneer of perfection fades swiftly when
one starts peeling the layers away; feet of clay, crumbling up to the hips or eyeballs are a
reality which I sometimes wish that I did NOT have the personal experience of. I carry this
knowledge inside me - it is weighty and on some days, a great burden.
* I am NOT Max du Preez- and so this short piece should rather not be compared to the
quality of his OpEds [Smiling]
* There ARE qualified, hard-working, experienced, passionate & motivational Political
Leaders as well as Government Officials throughout the 3 spheres of Government - I state this
as my personal truth, given that I had and continue to have to absolute privilege of working

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with and alongside such individuals - there are a great MANY of them, thankfully - but THEIR '
good stories' are NOT the ones which we are exposed to in the popular media
* My very purpose and how I make meaning of my life and world, are directly driven and
connected to the sheer inner satisfaction of contributing to Human & Social Capital
Development, as a natural out-flow of whatever work I am commissioned to do; Individual,
family unit, community [ whether in the traditional sense of community - defined as a
population of people living in the same geographical area - or a community of practice, in
the context of work environments - function at their best, when they are reminded that they
have a voice, that their opinions count and are able to help shape the success, sense of
cohesion, belonging and ownership of both the challenges and opportunities that we are all
faced with on a daily basis.
In this piece, the statements that found the strongest resonance with me, are the following:
“Leadership is everybody's business."
“Leadership is the business of CHOICE; of making things happen, of making a difference,
also, to have to accept the consequences that come directly with the choice to lead - TOO
FEW have made the CHOICE to LEAD"
“If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, become more, you are a
leader." - John Quincy Adams
With that all said, my contribution for this day:
1. One of the major chinks in our armour is inherent within the structure of our political system
- we vote for a PARTY and not for INDIVIDUALS. As I read this relatively simple statement, I
realised that I had personally not thought about the gravitas of this reality, until I was
reminded of it today. My question to myself is: “How different would this country and the
political landscape and leadership be, if I was asked to vote for specific individuals, rather
than for separatist Party Politics?”
One of the pivotal issues which pains the electorate, is the general lack of moral integrity of a
great many political leaders, across the spectrum of Parties & Ideologies; this lack of integrity
is particularly evident throughout the constantly repetitive cycle of making wild and lofty
promises just as elections arrive, going into a form of hiatus for 4 1/2 years thereafter and then
suddenly coming alive again just before the end of term.
From first-hand experience, this is true of ALL political parties. Some remain active on the
ground, within communities, via passionate and hard-working Ward Councillors, Community
Activism and Community Leadership. Other Ward Councillors are nowhere to be found,
near impossible to reach and one does not experience the presence of the political
leadership within communities.
Globally, the system of Resource Allocation is done, using the ' Top-Down' method. National
Governments ultimately decide how and where funds are allocated and this is then trickled
downwards. In reality, it is within the microcosms of our society, at grass-roots, community-
level, where all of the people KNOW "exactly what it looks like when it's fixed". [Credit - Dr
Barbara Holtmann] It is within communities, using the widely espoused " ALL-IN" or
Harmonisation Approach [From the Paris Declaration - detailing the pooling of resources and
whole-of-society developmental partnerships] that we start to build a new and positive
future, by dealing with the ROOT CAUSES of the negatively repetitive social and societal
problems, rather than continuing to fund the EFFECTS or CONSEQUENCES of things that are
entirely preventable.

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To do the above, requires BOLD, forthright and forward-thinking leadership, who are
interested in the long-term future and not just their term of office.
Now, IF politicians had to, instead of switching between parties, looking for the best possible
deal - actually have a PERSONAL Manifesto, proven credentials, a lived value system that
would be visible through their actions - both past and present - and IF they had to be
measured against their promises versus their performance, THEN, we would surely be moving
towards surfacing and finding real leaders, rather than having those who have simply risen
through the political rank and file, automatically appear on all sorts of lists - despite the fact
that they do not have the leadership qualities, qualifications or even the track record to
motivate for such a place on the lists. Again - I am speaking here of ALL political parties in
our country.
2. At the Inter-Personal level of Leadership Abilities, Personal and Professional Dimensions
CANNOT be compartmentalised; AND
3. Leadership ability is more qualified by the level of Emotional Intelligence [EQ], rather than
on the level of IQ and Technical Skills - research by Daniel Goleman concludes that in
selecting leadership, the ratio which is most appropriate is: IQ 20 EQ 80
True leaders demonstrate the following traits; * Connection * Reciprocity * Warmth *
Networking abilities * Sincerity * Authenticity * Integrity * Assertiveness * Good communication
skills * Negotiation skills * Robust Problem-solving abilities - this is under-scored by high levels of
Personal Mastery, self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and excellent social
skills. It is about being to decide what happens IN us - once external forces are at work.
IQ, Qualifications, Technical Skills are in fact viewed as ' Threshold Capabilities' - they are
simply Entry-Level requirements. EQ should be the decided.
This leads me into the concept of “Organic Intellectualism" [Gramsci]; something which I
personally believe our society as a whole needs to stop and consider very carefully.
In our quest to attach immense value to the Pieces of Paper of Qualifications, which we
allow to be the near sole voice in terms of how we want to evaluate leadership and
employee candidates, we are, in my opinion, excluding a great many Organic Intellectuals,
who have, through life-long learning, the development of expertise, know-how and specialist
knowledge through PRAXIS [rather than just the acquisition of islands of Theoretical
Knowledge] immense value to add. These individuals are often the vessels which retain the
institutional memory, deep-rooted value systems and who should be the coaches and
mentors whom we defer to, in building inclusive and generative communities of practice.
The statement that “TOO FEW have made the CHOICE to lead" rings very true - throughout
the world. The 'Peter Principle' remains alive and well, as nepotism, cronyism and having the
right connections, in government as well as within corporate environments, continue to
ensure that those who are often the most inept, continue to climb the ladder upwards.
Discrete areas of Specialisation - the one not inter-acting with the other - along the complete
value chain, Reductionist Vertical and Horisontal Hierarchical Structures & Functional
Ramparts, continue being the near only way in which the world is conceived of. This stems
from Aristotle's Principles of Non-Contradiction which we accepted as the benchmark to
structure our society. For the past 3000+ years, we have not once thought to reconsider the
damage that this fragmented conception of our world has wreaked.
The Leaders of the NOW and of the Future, are in my opinion, those who have made it their
life's work to NOT become their one-dimensional Qualification or Title. It is and will be those
who have taken the time to become Generalist Specialists, who experience the world as a

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systemic, inter-related and inter-connected whole and who, most importantly, understand
the value of each of the units functioning within the whole.
These new leaders will not continue on the path of " Business as Usual", which wants to
function on the old-style ' Command & Control' Leadership, which seeks to continue to apply
short-term ' Fixes that Fail' - topical, symptomatic patches that are placed on ever-growing,
gaping and necrotic wounds.
We see and experience the outcomes of this way of doing things in our daily lives - the sheer
scale of social problem wickedness has all but engulfed us. Citizens are marching against
crime, drug abuse, violence, school drop-out rates and the range of social ills that we are
beset by - globally.
It is good that we are waking up and mobilising. This is a first step. But, for ' leadership to be
everyone's business', we cannot be sitting and waiting for some external force to come and
save us from ourselves.
As CEO's of companies, we cannot continually be looking downward into the organisational
structures, forcing endless meetings and brainstorms [a patent waste of time and an attempt
to make it appear as if business is being done] and using employees as expendable
commodities, who we work to death in our quest to demand unrealistic financial growth, in
the context of a world, where we have reached the Limits to Traditional Growth.
As citizens, we cannot stand by and be part of the consistent, circular negative discourse, to
which we are both party and contributors. We have to stand up, educate ourselves and be
part of finding solutions. We have to take a step back, take a breath and understand what
the root causes of the range of problems which are spiralling out of control are. We need to
stand together, understand our inter-relatedness, know ALL which unifies and connects us -
and together, start actively leading for positive change, growth and development - starting
with ourselves and building out within our family unit, into our schools, churches, communities
- and upwards.
" TOO FEW have made the CHOICE to lead" " If your actions inspire others to dream more,
learn more, do more, become more, you are a leader" - my questions to myself and to
anyone reading this piece of writing are:
“Have I chosen to lead?" [My own answer is a resounding - YES]
“Do my actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more?" [I
can, with some certainty, answer in the affirmative - based on written and verbal '
references' to that effect]
“Am I doing enough?" [The answer is NO - I have to continue doing more and contributing
more - in every moment]
“Am I holding myself to scrutiny, turning the mirror inwards and continually questioning my
beliefs, actions and core values?" [Yes - I am and I do - it is a life-long, often very difficult
journey - but it essential so as to continue to become a better human being and leader]
“Am I constantly in search of new knowledge and understanding, so that I expand my view
of the world and understand the inter-connectedness of all things - BEFORE I spew forth
opinions and/or go over to action?" [Yes - I continue to be driven by my inherent knowledge
of just how ignorant I am - the more I learn, the more I understand, the deeper the insights,
the more I realise how little I know - the more I am thus driven to satisfy both my curiosity and
ignorance]

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“Would I be comfortable if people did as I do?" [Am I comfortable with the example that I set
- do my actions speak louder than my words - do I 'walk my talk'?]
- In answer - I am human, I am flesh & bone, I am fallible, I make mistakes on a daily basis -
but I do the best that I can, with the resources available to me at any given moment. I value
my mistakes more than my successes, because it is from my mistakes that I learn most. I
believe fervently in the greatness that is inherent in every human being - and am driven by
my personal small contribution to ensuring that individual potential can be fully developed -
no matter the context.
There are a great many other questions that I ask myself in every moment - constantly. It is
part of Personal Mastery, which is a life-long commitment, not only to myself, but to all those
around me.
I end off this random piece of writing, which I allowed to flow through from my mind, soul,
heart and being into my phalanges and via the enabling technology of the keyboard to the
platform for discourse, which is the Inter-Webs and Ether - by simply asking the reader to: *
Think * Be curious * Constantly ask questions * Choose to Lead * Turn the mirror inwards - grow
& develop * Have empathy through authentic understanding * Focus on that which unites us
* Make things happen * Choose to make a positive contribution and difference * Accept the
consequences of making these choices * Lead by example - in EVERYTHING that you do * Be
responsible, accountable, inclusive, of exemplary character and ethics and motivate those
around you -
In short - CHOOSE to lead and to be part of an unstoppable force-field, to transform our
society. That's all.
Amanda Brinkmann
10 April 2014
THE ARTICLE WHICH INSPIRED THE SPONTANEOUS OPED
Guiding principles to understanding the future of
leadership
2014/04/09 13:00
Prof Basil C Leonard
On Wednesday, 7 May 2014, a large percentage of over
thirty million eligible voters will go to the polls for national and provincial elections. In the current
context of South African election procedures, the people cannot vote for leaders directly, but only for

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parties.
This is viewed by many as a major shortcoming in the current system. While this is the status quo, the
newspapers are full of criticism against many of our current political leaders, not least the
president. Areas that have come under much scrutiny in the political leadership are a lack of moral
integrity (especially that of making promises that aren’t kept), involvement in crime and corruption
(impacting greatly on service delivery), and personal enrichment at the expense of the
taxpayers. And the list goes on.
Meanwhile, we do hear of political and other leaders involved in many leadership development
programmes – both locally and overseas. In the attempt to develop leaders for the future, it is often
asked what we should focus on in such development processes.
The difficulty or shortcoming, to my mind, is not with the actual development programmes, but with
the participants who attend these programmes. In too many organisations the people are selected to
attend according to their business card titles and not their leadership potential. A senior manager,
therefore, cannot attend with a first line manager even if both have the same academic qualifications.
In government organisations it is even worse as people attend according to their ranking in the
department – director general (DG), deputy director general (DDG); chief officer; director; deputy
director, etc. Again their academic qualifications or NQF levels will not matter.
In this article I would like to propose four guiding principles to assist those who wish to evaluate their
own leadership potential and possibly that of others.
Leadership is most evident on the interpersonal level
the people with whom you work reflect your own attitude. If you are suspicious, unfriendly and
condescending, you will find these unlovely traits echoed all about you. But if you are on your best
behaviour, you will bring out the best in the persons with whom you are going to spend most of your
working hours (Beatrice Vincent).
Leadership is defined in many ways, but one core element in many definitions is that of influence
(John Maxwell). Influence is further explained as a process. According to Ogawa and Bossert,
leadership involves influence and “it is something that flows throughout an organisation, spanning
levels and flowing both up and down hierarchies”.
To enable any leader to influence effectively and positively, concepts such as connect, reciprocity,
warmth and networks become necessary parts of the discourse. Research by Jack Zenger and
Joseph Folkman show that “leaders who are rated low on likability have about a one in 2 000 chance
of being regarded as effective. Only after they’ve achieved likability should they focus on displaying
competence, an equally critical characteristic”.
It becomes very apparent that for leadership to be effective, personal character traits (such as
sincerity, authenticity, integrity) need to be in place and interpersonal skills (such as assertiveness,
communication, negotiation, problem solving) need to be developed continuously. The bottom line to
all of this is that nobody’s leadership influence or effectiveness can be properly assessed until they
are observed in interpersonal relationships (whether within the family, workplace or community).
Leadership is best assessed through EQ and not IQ
We cannot tell what may happen to us in the strange medley of life. But we can decide what happens
in us — how we can take it, what we do with it — and that is what really counts in the end (Joseph
Fort Newton).
Daniel Goleman writes that “the most effective leaders are alike in one crucial way: They all have a
high degree of … emotional intelligence. It’s not that IQ and technical skills are irrelevant. They do
matter, but mainly as “threshold capabilities”; that is, they are entry-level requirements for executive
positions”. According to him, his research and that of others clearly show that “emotional intelligence
is the sine qua non of leadership”. In evaluating the EQ of leaders, Goleman states that “the numbers

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are beginning to tell us a persuasive story about the link between a company’s success and the
emotional intelligence of its leaders”. The major components addressed when considering the
leader’s EQ would be self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills.
It is very interesting that the research being done by academics such as Goleman have now shown
that the future success of leaders is determined by both IQ and EQ, but in the ratio 20:80. This does
not mean that the engineer or the medical doctor should not be fully qualified, but rather that the IQ
which gets people into the workplace is not what gets people promoted. Unfortunately this
requirement of a sensible ratio of IQ and EQ is not true for elected officials, as the only criterion
seems to be popularity.
Leadership is always a choice – never an appointment to a position
I neither started the project nor suggested it. I simply responded to the call of the people for a
spokesman (Martin Luther King).
Stephen R Covey wrote that “this is a bold statement …: leadership is a choice, not a position.
Understanding this fundamental precept of leadership is critical because it is the key to success in
any undertaking of life. When you’ve got good leadership, families, businesses, schools, hospitals,
communities, and governments thrive. Under poor or mediocre leadership, none of these enterprises
fulfil their potential. Leadership, therefore, is everybody’s business. It is the business of choice, of
making things happen, and of making a difference.” We have all encountered people in leadership
positions that have never made the choice to lead. They act the part that the role expects from them
very well, but they have to rely on externals such as position, authority and hierarchy to foster their
success.
Making the choice to lead also means accepting the consequences that come with the choice. The
deliberate consequences of leadership includes, but is not limited to, values such as responsibility,
accountability, inclusivity and being exemplary and motivational. When leaders fail to accept these
consequences they fail to lead.
While we sometimes struggle to define leadership accurately, we are always aware when there is a
lack of leadership when a situation calls for it. The South African political arena is a case in
point. There are many political leaders who hide behind the term deployed and too few who have
made the choice to lead.
Personal and professional dimensions of leadership cannot be separated
If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a
leader (John Quincy Adams).
One of the major issues I encounter in the facilitation of leadership is the ease with which many feel
that the private (personal) and public (professional) dimensions of their lives can be kept completely
separated. I would like to contend that this is a fallacy. This dichotomous perspective of life may be
valid and possible in other areas, but most certainly not in leadership. In fact, once we step up to
accept our leadership role and responsibilities, we are under more scrutiny. History is full of men and
women who tried the separation approach, only to discover that the world judges us more harshly
when we fail in a leadership role. This has been a major bone of contention with the release of
candidate lists for the upcoming elections. Questions were immediately asked regarding the inclusion
of people who have been found to lack integrity in many ways.
The greatest danger in the separation approach is that of hypocrisy, which is simply the ‘do as I say,
not as I do’ approach. How effectively can parents (leaders in the family) who smoke convince their
children of its ill effects? How effectively can politicians (leaders in the country) who are corrupt
convince the electorate of their integrity?

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Prof Basil C Leonard is Associate Professor at the University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB)
and Head of the Centre for Leadership Studies. His areas of expertise include Leadership and
Emotional Intelligence.
Read more at http://www.usb-ed.com/content/Pages/Guiding-principles-to-understanding-the-
future-of-leadership.aspx#Q35pl7Fuytx5Ylou.99