parathyroid gland and diseases caused by pth

1. PRESENTED BY :
AMAN SINGH CHAUHAN
B.Sc (ZBC) 4sem
INVERTIS UNIVERSITY BAREILLY

2.  Human beings have 4 parathyroid glands,
which are situated on posterior surface of
upper and lower poles of thyroid gland.
 Parathyroid gland are very small in size,
measuring about 6 mm long , 3 mm wide and
2 mm thick.
 it is Dark brown in colour.

4.  Made up of chief cell and oxyphil cell
 Chief cell :
 Secrete parathormone
 Oxyphil cell :
 Degenerate chief cell and their function is
unknown
 May secrete parathormone during
pathological condition called , parathyroid
adenoma.

5.  Secreted by Parathyroid gland
 Essential for the maintenance of blood calcium
level with in a very narrow critical level.
 Maintenance of Blood calcium level is necessary
because calcium is an important inorganic ion for
many physiological function

6.  It increases the activity of osteoclats which causes
bone reabsorption.
 It reduce excretion of calcium in urine as increase
reabsorption of calcium.
 It stimulates JG cells of kidney to release calcitrol
hormone which increase absorption of calcium from
intestine.
 Increase loss of phosphate in he urine called
phosphaturia.

7.  Hypoparathyroidism : leads to parathyroid or
hypocalcaemic tetany which is characterized by fall in
calcium level in blood ( 6 mg/100 ml ) and cause painful
spasmodic contraction of muscle of face , hand , feet and
larynx and increase neuro –excitation.
 Hyperparathyroidism : it causes osteitis fibrosa cystica ,
which is characterized by increased separation of calcium
from bones so causing Osteoporosis, softning and bending
of bones , high calcium level in blood and loss of calcium
in urine and phosphaturia.

8. THANKYOU