3. What is OKFIQ Framework?
• Developed at the development Consultant for Asia Africa Pacific
(DCAAP)
• Provide logical principles in preparing different parts of the thesis
proposal from the title to the executive summary or abstract
• Focuses on the objectives (O) which contain the core concepts or ideas
that we want to study.
• Simplifies thesis preparation through the identification of key factors
(KF), key indicators (KI), and the key questions (KQ) in every statement
of objective
• Thus, OKFIQ stands for: Objectives, Key Factors, Key Indicators, Key
Questions
4. Objective (O)
Key Factors (KF)
Key Indicators (KI)
Key Questions (KQ)
Research Design
Statistical Tools
Indicates the descriptive objective/s of the study
and the utilization (output of the study)
Indicates the variables to be measured in
the study and the respondents
Indicates the survey questionnaire to be used
along with its dimensions and the Likert scale
Indicates the inferential questions of the study
(Comparative or Correlational or Both)
Indicates the design to be used in conducting
the study
Indicates the statistical tools to be used in answering
the descriptive and inferential objectives
8. Use of Level, Extent,
and Degree
Example of Likert scale of responses:
Level (Gaano kataas?) 5 (Very high), 4 (High), 3 (Moderate), 2 (low), and 1 (Very low)
Extent (Gaano
kadalas?)
5 (Always), 4 (Often), 3 (Sometimes), 2 (seldom), and 1 (never)
5 (Very great extent), 4 (Great extent), 3 (Moderate extent), 2
(poor extent), and 1 (Very poor extent)
Degree (Gaano
kalawak?)
4 (Strongly agree), 3 (agree), 2 (disagree), and 1 (Strongly
disagree)
4 (Very satisfactory), 3 (satisfactory), 2 (not satisfactory), and 1
(Very not satisfactory)
9. A Variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, time, period, or any
other type of category which can be measured (Kalof et al., 2008).
A Variable is the characteristics of a data set. It is something that
can change, such as gender, which can be either male or female,
age which can be young or old.
10. Independent Variable (Cause). The probable cause of an
event. It is independent of everything that transpires during
the experiment because once it is selected, it does not
easily change.
Dependent Variable (Effect/Result). The outcome of the
study. It is affected by the independent variable. It
changes as a result of the modifications made on
independent variable.
11. Title of Research: An Experiment on the methods of Teaching and Language Achievement
among Elementary Pupils
Independent Variable: Methods of Teaching (it does not change because it is what you
primarily assess)
Dependent Variable: Language Achievement (it is the result of the method of teaching. If
the method of teaching is successful, the result is successful language achievement)
Title of Research: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizers: Their Effects on the
Amount of Harvest
Independent Variable: Gardening Tools, Types of Fertilizers (They do not change because
they are what you primarily assess)
Dependent Variable: Amount of Harvest (it is the result of the effective use of gardening
tools and types of fertilizers.
12. “School Climate and Teacher Leadership of Catholic Schools in
the Province of Antique”
…the independent variable is the school climate (since this variable
is the cause which you will assess to come up with something; it also
does not change); whereas the dependent variable is the teacher
leadership (since this will be the effect if you will assess the school
climate; it changes depending on the cause which is the school
climate)
13. LET’S TRY
1. A study on the effect of gender on the academic
performance of students.
2.A study on the relation between the students’ grades and
their length of study.
3.A study on customer’s satisfaction based on the quality of
food offered in a restaurant.
4.A study on whether the choice of type of footwear differs
between genders.
14. LET’S TRY
5.A study on the extent to which work efficiency affects
employee retention.
6.A study on the relation between age and internet search
engine preference.
7. A study on the relationship between average family income
and food expenditure.
8.A study on the relation between study habits and
performance of grade 10 students.
16. Statement of the Problem (Example)
The study aims to assess the degree of school climate of Catholic schools in Antique in the
areas of safety, security, and peace and order, teaching and learning, relationship, and physical
resources, and maintenance of cleanliness and sanitation as assessed by the administrators,
teachers, and students when they are taken as a whole and grouped according to designation
during the school year 2020-2021. It will also assess the extent of teacher leadership relative to
the domains of association, professional learning, assessment, instruction, community, and policy
when teachers are taken as a whole and grouped according to age, sex, employment status,
educational attainment, and professional status. It also seeks to identify the assessors' different
challenges in terms of school climate and teacher leadership.
Specifically, it will answer the following questions:
1. Is there a significant difference in the degree of school climate when assessors are grouped
according to designation?
2. Is there a significant relationship between the demographics and the teacher leadership
assessment?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the school climate and teacher leadership?
17.
18. LET’S TRY
1. What is the level of teaching performance of Public-school teachers when they are
taken as a whole or grouped according to age, sex, educational attainment, length
of service, and qualification status?
2. Is there a significant difference in the level of college readiness of senior high
school students of a Catholic school when they are grouped according to age
(young and old) given that the data is not normally distributed?
3. What are the challenges encountered by the principals of the Catholic schools in
Antique in terms of educational management?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the age and the commitment of teachers
in a private school given that the data is normally distributed?
5. What is the extent of implementation of modular and online learning in the
Elementary schools of Manila when schools are taken as a whole or grouped
according to location and population?
19. 6. Is there a significant difference in the extent of leadership of principals of public
schools when they are grouped according to length of service (1-5 years, 6-10
years, 11-15 years, and 16-20 years) given that the data is not normally
distributed?
7. What are the factors that affect the absenteeism of private secondary students in
the division of Iloilo?
8. Is there a significant difference in the level of career development of non-teaching
personnel when they are grouped according to income (1,000-5,000 pesos,
6,000-10,000 pesos, and 11,000-15,000 pesos) given that the data is normally
distributed?
9. What is the level of literacy of elementary pupils in a Catholic school when they
are taken as a whole or grouped according to family income and grade level?
10. What are the factors that affect the low enrolment of a Catholic school?
20. Workshop on OKFIQ
21st Century Skills Scale by
Cevik and Senturk (2019)
1. Information and Technology
Literacy Skills
2. Critical Thinking and
Problem-solving Skills
3. Entrepreneurship and
Innovation Skills
4. Social Responsibility and
Leadership skills
5. Career Consciousness
5- Strongly agree
4- Agree
3- Neither agree nor disagree
2- Disagree
1- Strongly disagree
Standardized Job Satisfaction
Scale by Spector (1997)
1. Pay
2. Promotion
3. Supervision
4. Fringe benefits
5. Contingent rewards
6. Operating procedures
7. Coworkers
8. Nature of work
9. Communication
5-Very satisfied
4-Satisfied
3-Undecided
2-Unsatisfied
1-Very unsatisfied
Standardized Psychological
Well-Being Scale by Ryff
(1989)
1. Autonomy
2. Environmental mastery
3. Personal growth
4. Positive relations with others
5. Purpose in life
6. Self-acceptance
6-Strongly agree
5-Agree
4-Slightly agree
3-Slightly disagree
2-Disagree
1-Strongly disagree
21. Reference
Mecado, C. (2006). A new approach to thesis writing. Simplifying
social research. DCAAP: Central Books, Quezon City,
Philippines.
