NASA - a short history, current projects, industry privatization and future projects. Discussion question: Is where the industry going a good direction? Would it have been more worthwhile to keep the focus on scientific endeavors versus the commercial direction we are currently headed?
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
The future of NASA and other space progams: what's next?
1. THE FUTURE OF NASA AND
OTHER SPACE PROGRAMS:
WHAT’S NEXT?
By Allaire, Marissa, Maggie, and Kristie
2. “WELL, SPACE IS THERE,
AND WE’RE GOING TO
CLIMB IT.”
A History of
the National
Aeronautics
and Space
Administration
3. HUMBLE BEGINNINGS: THE NACA
In 1915, National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics
founded by President
Woodrow Wilson.
Federally -funded agency for
“emergency measures”
during WWI
Improvement of flight
safety
Question if flight into space
was even possible.
4. A RACE TO SPACE: THE USSR
CHALLENGES THE US
October 4, 1957, Sputnik launched
November 3, 1957, launched second unmanned satellite into
orbit with Laika.
Sputnik II proved that a living creature could sustain life while
in space
New Era of Space flight
6. A RACE TO SPACE, CONTINUED: THE US
PLAYS BALL WITH THE SOVIETS
Explorer I
US Navy’s Vanguard
7. “FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND:”
THE BIRTH OF NASA
NACA deemed too-small
Manned flights!
July 26, 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Act , would
fund all of the United States’ future space endeavors.
Congress and public balked at claiming of space
8. “FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND:”
THE BIRTH OF NASA
NASA - federally-funded
civilian agency.
NASA
100 million-dollar annual
budget
three major laboratories
Open letter written
entitled “Introduction to
Outer Space,” gave the
fledgling agency its
motto…
9. “These opportunities
reinforce my conviction that
we and other nations have
a great responsibility to
promote the peaceful use
of space and to utilize the
new knowledge obtainable
from space science and
technology for the benefit
of all mankind.”
MARCH 26,
1958
E x c e rp t f r o m
“ I n t r o d uc t i o n to
O u te r S p a c e , ”
by President
E i s e n h owe r.
10. FLY ME TO THE MOON: THE MERCURY,
GEMINI, & APOLLO PROJECTS
President John F. Kennedy sworn into office on
January 20, 1961
progress in space over the Soviet Union
a (potential) victory of democracy over communism
11. “First, I believe that this
nation should commit itself
to achieving the goal,
before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the
moon…But in a very real
sense, it will not be one
man going to the moon…it
will be an entire nation. For
all of us must work to put
him there.”
MAY 25,
1961
E x c e rp t f r o m
JFK’s joint
a d d r e s s to
Congress,
asking for
a d d i t io n a l
funds for NASA .
15. PROJECT GEMINI (1965-1966)
Project Gemini
encompassed a
series of ten
missions over a year
two astronauts into
space, and creating
a capsule large
enough for such a
mission.
16. GEMINI 4
On June 3, 1965,
astronaut Edward H.
White, Jr.
completed the first
spacewalk.
17. PROJECT APOLLO (1968-1972)
NASA’s mission to reach
the moon by the end of
the decade nearly
stopped when the
program suffered its first
major tragedy.
On January 27, 1967,
astronauts Virgil Grissom,
Roger B. Chaffee, and
Edward H. White, Jr., were
killed when a fire
engulfed one of the first
capsules during Apollo I.
19. “ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND:”
APOLLO 11
Apollo missions
realize Kennedy’s
dream of sending a
man safely to the
moon and back
before the end of
the decade.
Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
Michael Collins
20. “HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM:”
APOLLO 13
Another group to go
to the moon
compromise in the
oxygen tank
21. FAILURE TO LAUNCH: THE COLUMBIA AND
CHALLENGER TRAGEDIES
Tragically, the capsule fire that killed three men
during the Apollo I mission, and the close call
with Apollo 13, would not be the only tragedies
to plague NASA. In the 1980s and early 2000s,
two more missions would go awry, taking the
lives of fourteen US astronauts and one civilian.
22. JANUARY 28, 1986: THE SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER DISASTER
By the 1980s, NASA
developed a new
space craft; the space
shuttle.
Death of seven person
crew
Including school teacher,
Christa McAuliffe.
23. FEBRUARY 3, 2003: THE SPACE SHUTTLE
COLUMBIA DISASTER
Reentry tragedy
Foam insulation
24. DEALING WITH THE AFTERMATH OF
CHALLENGER & COLUMBIA
The Challenger and Columbia space shuttle disasters did much
to damage the American public’s perception of NASA. In the
decades following the initial moon landing of Apollo 11, many
Americans began to question whether manned flights into space
were worth the risk of losing anymore life.
~
Indeed, NASA’s early years were fuelled by social and political
ambitions to extend American democracy beyond earthly
borders, especially during the height of the Cold War. But after
the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, much of the old “race to
space” urgency has been lost – which has lead to a loss of
funding for the program that is, in President Eisenhower’s
words, meant “for the benefit of all mankind.”
26. NASA BUDGET CUTS: PUTTING THE FUTURE OF
SPACE EXPLORATION ON THE LINE?
According to The Lamron, NASA, despite its continual
progress, such as revealing more information about our
galaxy’s origins and age via the Hubble Space Telescope – is in
danger of major budget cuts that could potentially slow or
halt such progress altogether.
With Obama’s budget proposed for 2014 cutting NASA’s
funding by $300 million, do you think NASA is being unfairly
targeted for budget cuts? What other programs could be cut
instead?
29. NASA’S CURRENT ENDEAVORS
Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Of fice (C 3PO)
C3PO creates privately owned and operated space
transportation systems and NASA acts as a lead investor and
customer.
SpaceX and Orbital
30. SPACEX: DRAGON
Free flying, reusable spacecraft
Designed to deliver both cargo and people into space
In 2012, DRAGON became the first commercial spacecraft in
history to deliver cargo to the International Space Station and
safely deliver cargo to Earth
31. SPACE INVENTIONS BEING USED
ELSEWHERE
“Space exploration and the benefits it yields – in medicine
and information technology - should not be overlooked” –Ben
Barr
Cat scans
More functional artificial limbs
Insulin pumps
Ventricular Assist Device (VADs)
32. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
The ISS is an orbiting laboratory as well as space port that is
a collaborative ef fort between 16 nations
Benefits of the ISS for civilians
Neurosurgical medical technology
Water purification technology
Agricultural monitoring
Student amateur radio interaction
Remote telemedicine
33. MARS EXPLORATION: CURIOSIT Y ROVER
Curiosity Rover
Major Objective: “Find evidence of a past environment well
suited to supporting microbial life” ( NASA.gov)
Mission succeeded
34. MARS EXPLORATION: MAVEN ORBITER
The MAVEN Orbiter was “sent to study the Red Planet’s upper
atmosphere over the course of at least one Earth year” (NBC
News)
MAVEN: Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution
Launched Monday, 11/18/2013
35. LADEE: LUNAR ATMOSPHERE AND DUST
ENVIRONMENT EXPLORER
“LADEE is a robotic mission that will orbit the moon to gather
detailed information about the structure and composition of
the thin lunar atmosphere, and determine whether dust is
being lofted into the lunar sky.”
36. HOW IS SPACE FLIGHT
CHANGING AFTER
FUNDING SHIFT?
What
now????
37. FAA/AST Potential Regulatory Path
-- Today Public Safety, Eventually Occupant Safety
Mission
Assurance
Occupant
Safety
Occupant
Safety
Public
Safety
Public
Safety
Public
Safety
Current
FAA
Licensing
Licensing
Human
Spaceflight
FAA
Certification
Routine
Commercial
Space Travel
Certificates
Production
Airworthiness
Air Carrier
Pilot
Instruction
Mechanic
Dispatch
Parts
Time
38. RLVS
Reusable Launch Vehicles
European Union “End-of-Life Vehicles
Directive”
USEPA - “Recycling
and Reuse: End-ofLife Vehicles and
Producer
Responsibility”
Currently: Space shuttle
55. NASA BUDGET CUTS: PUTTING THE FUTURE OF
SPACE EXPLORATION ON THE LINE?
Now that we’ve seen where we’re heading
with less government assistance, is it
worthwhile?
Was this a good or bad thing that
privatization of the industry happened?
56. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maggie
Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, 14 Apr. 2008. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
"Excerpt from an Address Before a Joint Session of Congress,
25 May 1961 ." - John F. Kennedy Presidential Librar y &
Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
"JFK RICE MOON SPEECH." JFK RICE MOON SPEECH. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Nov. 2013.
Title of my section taken from a speech given at Rice University by JFK on September 12, 1962. (http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm). Picture above is of the “Mercury Seven,” the astronauts who participated in the Mercury project (1961-1963). Source: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/StarChild/space_level2/mercury_portrait_big.gif
Picture Sources: Sputnik I (http://www.exact-learning.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/S_Sputnik1_Icon.jpg); Laika (http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media//86/104286-050-EE20531B.jpg)
“Flopnik” lolz
Image source: http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4219/4219-170.jpg Also, side note: my pop pop was one of the rocket scientists who developed the heat shields. He was also one of the only guys at NASA who said that the heat shields needed to be replaced after a period of usage, only to be ignored– and thus incidents like Columbia occurred.
Pictured above: Astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr., sits secured in his capsule, on his maiden voyage to space. It should be noted that, while he was the first American in space, the honored distinction of being the first man in space went to Yuri Gagarin, of the USSR. Picture source: https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQn92LXlt9zjSZ-vcSKwmAuzavvGJsdPabhYwaMUvz5hrf6Rj3-
Pictured above is a diagram of Gemini 4, the mission that had the two-manned space capsule and featured the first space walk. Credit: http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/gemini-4.jpg
The picture above shows the engineers at NASA’s Houston base. The engineers are credited with being able to work with the three-man crew to ensure their safety, and redirect the derelict spacecraft back into the earth’s atmosphere for re-entry. Picture source: http://media1.s-nbcnews.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/050419/050419_apollo13_bcol_1p.grid-6x2.jpg
Pictured above is the explosion caught by high speed cameras from operations center. Source: http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/317/cache/challenger-disaster-myths-explosion_31734_600x450.jpg
The picture above shows the debris NASA collected across Texas after Columbia disintegrated during reentry. Source: https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQKzLRUHxtVrTDm9XLcnRrCnIsMCCdi5kv4v4Xr7lXetd_3ELe8
Uhhhh so, I did my best on this, but I don’t really know how many questions we can do, given that I haven’t read anyone else’s parts. So, I only have one question so far.
Uhhhh so, I did my best on this, but I don’t really know how many questions we can do, given that I haven’t read anyone else’s parts. So, I only have one question so far.
(especially as frivolous as some of the ventures seem)