Agro forestry 'By Allah Dad Khan Lecture To Students

1. Agro forestry
By Allah Dad
Khan

5. Objectives of Agro forestry
• Enhanced nutrient cycling amongst trees, animals and
crops.
• Managing tree-soil interactions by matching species to sites
and systems.
• Acquisition, assessment and integration of local knowledge
with science to develop improved agroforestry
management principles, communication and negotiation.
• Promotion of on-farm tree species diversity.
• Coping mechanisms for climate-induced rainfall variability.
• Adoption, promotion and impact of agroforestry and
natural resource management technologies.

6. Environmental perspective
• Improvement to the development of natural resources:.
• Better control of cultivated areas of land.
• Creation of original landscapes that are attractive, open and favour
recreational activities.
• Counteract the greenhouse effect: constitution of an effective
system for carbon sequestration, by combining the maintenance of
the stock of organic material in the soil
• Protection of soil and water, in particular in sensitive areas.
• Improvement of biodiversity, especially by the abundance of "edge
effects".
• These favorable characteristics are as coherent with the many
objectives of the laws guiding agriculture and forestry, as they are
with the directing principles of the Common Agricultural Policy.

11. Concepts of Agro forestry
• Productivity: Most, if not all, agroforestry systems aim to maintain or increase
production (of preferred commodities) as well as productivity (of the land).
Agroforestry can improve productivity in many different ways. These include:
increased output of tree products, improved yields of associated crops, reduction
of cropping system inputs, and increased labor efficiency.
• Sustainability: By conserving the production potential of the resource base, mainly
through the beneficial effects of woody perennials on soils (see Section IV of this
book), agroforestry can achieve and indefinitely maintain conservation and fertility
goals.
• Adoptability: The word "adopt" here means "accept," and it may be distinguished
from another commonly-used word adapt, which implies "modify" or "change."
The fact that agroforestry is a relatively new word for an old set of practices means
that, in some cases, agroforestry has already been accepted by the farming
community. However, the implication here is that improved or new agroforestry
technologies that are introduced into new areas should also conform to local
farming practices.

12. Benefits of Agroforestry
1. Control run off and erosion.
2. Maintain soil organic matter.
3. Maintain soil physical properties.
4. Lead to more closed Nutrient cycling.
5.Reduce soil toxicities.
6. Utilize solar energy efficiently.
7. Can reduce insect pests
8. Reclaim eroded and degraded land

13. Benefits of Agro forestry contd
9. Create a healthy environment.
10.Moderate microclimates.
11.Augment soil water availability
12. Increase nitrogen in soil through leguminous
plants.
13. Increase nutrient inputs.
14. Maintain soil fertility.
15. Stimulate whole rural economy.

14. Benefits of Agro forestry contd contd
16. protect livestock from wind chill in winter
and provide shade in the summer.
17. muffle noise from traffic and other machine
18.In the case of dairy cows protecting barns,
feeding pens and milking parlour with trees
can lead to increased milk production
19.Help relieve pressure on natural forest stocks.
20.Provide local income and resource for
subsistence.

15. Benefits of Agro forestry contd
21.Agroforestry produces, mushroom, essential
oil, drugs , shampoos , biopesticides ,

16. • Disadvantages of domestication can include:
• • increased species susceptibility to pests and diseases
(particularly in monoculture plantations), often leading to
dependence on potentially harmful pesticides;
• • loss of some of the ecological functions played by the
forest when plantations replace natural forests;
• • heavy dependence on regular infusion of seed from wild
sources, for better yield and resistance to diseases and
pests;
• • concentration of income-generating potential in larger
corporate entities, often far from the forest and the
communities, and causing further disadvantages for poor
households and minority grou