2. 2
Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Indonesia
- Designed as sanitary landfill but
operate and practive open
dumping
- There are 60–70 big SWDS in
Indonesia
- Total area of the SWDS > 10 Ha
- Wastes disposed to landfills
minimum of 10 million ton per
year
- Waste piles average low 4 - 10
meter
- Low methane gas produced
3. 3
Methane Emission Potential in Waste
Sector from SWDS
• 10 million ton (Gg) wastes per year from at least 20
cities
• 404 Gg methane per year
3.5
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4
0.4 0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
140
33
32
27
23
21 19
16
15 7
5
7
9
11 9
7
6
Source: DR. John Morton – World Bank, 2005
4. 4
Influencing Factors
• Practice in the field :
– Waste piles
– Regular compaction
– Regular soil cover
• Waste composition:
– organic, an-organic, segregation
• Physical factor:
– Moisture
– Temperature
• Social factor:
– Scavangers
– Settlement around/near the
SWDS
6. THE MAIN PROBLEMS
450 Location of Final Disposal-Open Dumping in Indonesia
450 unit Emitter of Green House Gas (CH4 & CO2)
21 x CO2 = CH4 (Landfill Gas & GreenHouseGas)
7. ANOTHER PROBLEMS
• How to fulfill the MDG-Targets & to eradicate :
- Poverty
– Illiteracy
– Hunger
– Unsafe & unsustainable water supply
– Disease
– Urban & environmental degradation
• Energy supply shortages
• Sustainability of available Airspace for
the Solid Waste -Temporary & -Final Disposal.
8. SWM SITUATION IN INDONESIA - 1
• The Climate of Indonesia is an important factor (high rain
precipitation & average temperature about 30 degree C)
• Almost all of 460 Regency(Kabupaten)/Municipality(Kota) in
Indonesia still using the old fashioned SWM system of Collecting-
Transport-Open Dumping /or Free Burning.
• The Reduce-Reuse-Recycle/3R movement still in the development
phase, only small amount of waste processed, the sustainability of
the waste processing system is also questionable.
• The actual legal framework for SWM in Indonesia is not clear
• The formulation of a regulation specifically dealt with SWM is still
under preparation.
• 2 National Technical Standard : SNI 03-3241-1994 (SiteSelection
for FD) and SNI 19-7030-2004 (Compost Quality Specification)
are available and may need to be updated.
9. EXAMPLE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
OF SWM-REGIONAL FD IN INDONESIA
Waste
Production
West Serang
TPS
West Serang
TPA-RSL
Kosambi
Ronyok
Sos-Ec System
East - Serang
Sos-Ec System
Central - Serang
Sos-Ec System
West - Serang
TPA-RSL
Cilowong
TPA-RSL
East Serang
Leachate
GHG
GHG
GHG
Leachate
Leachate
Air
Water
Soil
Environment
System
In
Regency
of
Serang
Se2/12-09-03/Henky
Waste
Production
Central Serang
Waste
Production
East Serang
Rute 1
West Serang
Rute 1
CentralSerang
Rute 1
East Serang
TPS
Central
Serang
TPS
East Serang
Rute 2 ES
Rute 2 CS
Sos-Ec System
Cilegon
Waste
Production
TPS
Cilegon
TPA-OD
Bagendong
Air
Water
Soil
Environment
System
In
Cilegon
Leachate
GHG
Rute 2 CL
Rute 2 WS
Rute 1 CL
Sos-Ec System
Tanggerang
Waste
Production
Tanggerang
Rute 1
Tang g erang
TPS
Tanggerang
Rute 2 Tng
Sos-Ec System
Lebak
Rute 1
Lebak
TPS
Lebak
Sos-Ec System
Pandeglang
Waste
Production
Pandeglang
Rute 1
Pandeg lang
TPS
Pandeglang
Waste
Production
Lebak
Rute 2 Lbk
Rute 2 Pnd
Feedback
Sos-Ec System
Jakarta
Waste
Production
Jakarta
Rute 1
Jakarta
TPS
Jakarta
Feedback
Rute 2 Jkt
10. SWM SITUATION IN INDONESIA - 2
• ADB-Study 2005 : - Based on analysis to about 76
Regency/Municipalities (R/M), allocation of APBD for SWM
is quite low. - only 7 R/M allocated the budget for SWM is
between 4%-5% of APBD, the most R/M allocated less then
2% of APBD. - Annual budget allocation for SWM is mostly
less then US$ 1,00/capita.year.
• Approximately about 60 to 70 major landfill/dump sites out
of 460 landfill sites in Indonesia show a potential emission of
around 404 million m3 of CH4/Methane Gas per year. (apprx.
287.000 ton CH4 gas/year). Equal to 287.000 tCH4/y x
21tCO2e/y/tCH4/y = 6.027.000 ton CO2equivalent/year.
Equal to a value of US$ 30 million revenue per year.
(under optimistic assumption: 1 ton waste=150 m3LFG; LFG = 50% CH4 content; 1 m3 LFG
contains 357 g CH4gas; 70% collection efficiency; CER : US$ 4,50/ton CO2equivalent)
• ......................................................
• SWM budget allocation ....is still priority number .....999
???!... ,...Open Dumping is the End Destination of our Waste.
11. TOWARD THE BETTER FUTURE OF
SWM SITUATION IN INDONESIA
• Reach the possibilities to sell the Credited Emission Reduction
Units (CER) through the SWM-CDM project in order to have an
additional income and new employment creation.
• But, how to get it efficiently ? Today, CDM is known very little
here, so this is the base situation, why the participation of
Indonesia in SWM-CDM project is very low. Tomorrow and after
tomorrow will be better. Hopefully !
• There are a number of requirement that should be met by
SWM-CDM project developers to have a successful CDM
projects (fresh, healthy blue-sky + CER-additional income).
• Source of further Information, see http://CDM.UNFCCC.int/Projects
• Do the right things !
• Apply the Approriate SWM Technology continuously.
12. WHICH ONE IS THE RIGHT PATH ?
• Reduce-Reuse-Recycle (3R) Movement ?
• Separate at Source or Separate at Temporary Destination
or Separate at End Destination ? About 60% SWM-Cost
goes for Waste-Transportation
• Aerobic Path (+O2) or Anaerobic Path (-O2) ?
• Aerobic Pathway is energy consumer
Aerobic-Composting
Aerobic Bioreactor-Landfill
Incinerator w/o Energy Recovery
• Anaerobic Pathway is energy producer (CH4-gas)
Anaerobic-Composting
Sanitary Landfill
Anaerobic Bioreactor-Landfill
Reusable Sanitary Landfill/RSL
Pyrolise
13. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
• CH4-Recovery from existing SW-Final Disposal.Open Dumping
• Landfill-Mining after CH4-Recovery activity
• Use of LM-Compost for erosion control activity
• Plantation of Jatropha-Curcas in terraced area
• Use the Jatropha-Tree as a hedge in the rural area
• Jatropha-Seed processing for Non-Edible BioDiesel Oil (Liquid)
• Conversion of SWFD, from existing FD.Open Dumping to FD.RSL I
• Development of 2nd. FD.RSL in New Locations
• Integrate two FD Locations in the 1C-2FD.RSL spatial concept.
• CH4 Gas Recovery in every FD.REUSABLE SANITARY LANDFILL
(Gas)
• Landfill-Mining in FD.RSL after CH4-Recovery activity, preparation
works before the next filling cycle (Reuse of FD.Reusable Sanitary
Landfill)
14. Integrated System of Solid Waste Management
to Dual Renewable Energy Generation
Leachate Recirculation-CH4 Recovery
15. PENGKOMPOSAN SAMPAH SKALA KAWASAN
KAPASITAS 20 M3 SAMPAH/HARI DI RAWASARI
Sortasi Penumpukan Proses Pengkomposan
Pembalikan Pengayakan Pengepakan
40. Pilihan Skenario Rencana Kegiatan atasi krisis Sampah di Kawasan Bandung Raya
Skenario
Rentang Waktu Kegiatan
2006-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020 2021-2025 2026-2030 2031-2035
Skenario 1 - - - - - -
Skenario 1
TPA Darurat
TPA Darurat Leuwigajah atau
TPA lain sampai akhir 2007
- - - - -
RSL I dan II Tahun 2008 TPAi RSL I di
Leuwigajah, Luas 43 Ha, Kap.
13000 m3/hari
Operasional RSL I Operasional RSL I Tahun 2022 operasi RSL II , Luas
51,75 Ha, Kap. 7000 m3/hari
Operasional RSL I dan
Operasional RSL II
Operasional RSL I dan
Operasional RSL II
Pengelolaan Sampah
Terpadu Berbasis 3R
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 26 unit, Skala 100
m3 1 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 52 unit, Skala 100
m3 1 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 52 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 2919 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 3649 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 3649 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Biaya (Rp.) 870.867.000.000 652.227.500.000 1.507.911.250.000 1.257.311.250.000 1.257.311.250.000 1.014.061.250.000
Skenario 2 - - - - - -
TPA Darurat Sampah dibuang di TPA Darurat
sampai akhir 2007
- - - - -
RSL I dan II Tahun 2008 TPA RSL I, Luas
118,6 Ha, Kap. 13000 m3/hari
Operasional RSL I Operasional RSL I
Tahun 2020 operasi RSL II , Luas
52,5 Ha, Kap 6500m3/hari
Operasional RSL I dan
Operasional RSL II
Operasional RSL I dan
Operasional RSL II
Operasional RSL I dan
Operasional RSL II
Pengelolaan Sampah
Terpadu Berbasis 3R
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 26 unit, Skala 100
m3 1 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 52 unit, Skala 100
m3 1 unit
Pengelolaan Sampah Individual
278 RW, Skala 20m3/h 52 unit,
Skala 100 m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 2919 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 3649 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 3649 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Biaya (Rp.) 1.650.867.000.000 684.104.000.000 1.428.530.000.000 1.234.498.750.000 1.234.498.750.000 991.248.750.000
Skenario 3 - - - - - -
TPA Darurat Sampah dibuang di TPA Darurat Sampah dibuang di TPA Darurat
sampai akhir 2011
- - - -
TPA Abu dan RSL - Tahun 2012 operasi TPA abu dan
RSL masing-masing 26,6 Ha, Kap.
8000 m3/hari
Operasional TPA abu dan RSL Operasional TPA abu dan RSL Operasional TPA abu dan RSL Operasional TPA abu dan RSL
Incinerator Incinerator kap. 1000 ton/h mulai
2010
Operasioal incinerator Operasioal incinerator Operasioal incinerator Operasioal incinerator Operasioal incinerator
Pengelolaan Sampah
Terpadu Berbasis 3R
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 26 unit, Skala 100
m3 1 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 52 unit, Skala 100
m3 1 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 278 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 52 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 2919 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 3649 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Pengelolaan Individual 3649 RW,
Skala 20m3/h 139 unit, Skala 100
m3 2 unit
Biaya (Rp.) 1,815,992,000.000,- 1.978.256.500.000 1.348.811.250.000 1.257.311.250.000 1.257.311.250 1.014.061.250
