2. 1. Andrew Goodwin
He identified 5 main aspects the audience should look
out for in a video.
1. Thought beats – seeing the sound
2. Narrative and performance
3. Star image
4. Visual to lyrics relation
5. Technical asepcts
3. 2. Roland Barthes
Said that texts may be open or closed. He narrowed down the
action of texts into 5 different codes which are included into
any narrative – inlcuding music video narratives.
1. The hermeneutic code
2. The enigma code
3. The symbolic code
4. The culture code
5. The semantic code
4. The enigma code
• Commonly featured in a lot of narratives as it can
be very effective if used correctly.
• This is to give the audience a cliffhanger. It builds
up tension as if something will happen and then
usually ends on a questioning note to leave the
audience guessing what will happen next.
5. Vladimir Propp
Propp suggested every narrative has 8 different character types:
1. Hero – often looking for something or on a quest/mission to solve something
2. Villain – fighting the hero and trying to stop them from succeeding
3. Donor – gives the hero something like a special power to help them complete their
quest
4. Princess – prize reward for the hero
5. Princesses father – an authority figure and offers rewards to the hero
6. Helper – ‘sidekick’ to the hero.Will either work alongside the hero or help them in
some way
7. False hero – the one who takes credit for heros actions and tries to make out as a
good guy.
8. Dispatcher – character that sends hero on a mission
