This document discusses different types of subjects and objects in sentences. It defines locative, temporal, and eventive subjects. Locative subjects refer to places, temporal subjects refer to times, and eventive subjects refer to arrangements or activities. It also discusses using the empty "it" as a subject. For objects, it defines affected, locative, cognate, and effected direct objects. It further discusses effected objects that are verbal forms preceded by general verbs. Finally, it defines an indirect object as a "recipient" and can be affected when the sentence has two objects and the verb is give, pay, or owe.

1. Lecture No. 6

2. 
Locative Subject refers to the place that is used as a subject
Ex: This path is swarming with ants.
Temporal Subject refers to the time expression that is used as a
subject
Ex: Tomorrow is my birthday.
Eventive Subject refers to arrangements or activities that are
used as subjects
Ex: The concert is on Thursday.
7.12 Locative , Temporal and
Eventive Subjects

3. 
 Subject can be filled with empty “ it “ when it is
empty of any content and meaningless
 Ex: It is raining .
 Ex: It is my birthday.
7.13 Empty ‘ it ‘ subject

4. 
Direct object can be :
A- Affected the object is affected by the action
Ex: John killed Mary.
B- Locative the object shows the location of the
action
Ex: The horse jumped the fence.
C- Cognate the object repeats wholly or partially
the meaning of the verb
Ex: John sings a song.
7.14 Locative and effected object

5. 
D- Effected the object exists only by the virtue of
the activity indicated by the verb.
The subject did not do anything to the
object
Ex: John invented television.
7.14 Locative and effected object

6. 
The object can also be effected when it has a verbal
form ( verb or infinitive ) preceded by a verb with
general meaning ( do , make , have , take , give )
Ex: He did little work that day.
Ex: He made several attempts to contact me.
7.15

7. 
The indirect object is basically known as “ recipient “
and it can be “affected “when the sentence has two
objects ( Oi & Od ) and the verb of the sentence is ( give ,
pay , owe )
Ex: John paid her a visit .
Here , the sentence means ( John visited her ) . So her is
the object that is affected by the action of the verb and
for that it is known as ‘ affected ‘.
7.16 Affected indirect object