Covering a number of factors that are important in scaling algal biofuels. Factors include land, water, nutrients, sun, optimum strain, carbon dioxide, harvesting, and extraction.

1. AlgaeU.com 10 Commandments of Algae Biofuels

2. Fuel is a Commodity commodity is some good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. Algae based biofuel is a commodity.

3. 10 Commandments of Algae Biofuel Thou shall put no other feedstocks before algae Thou will need land Thou will need freshwater Thou shall use cheap nutrients Thou must have consistent temperature Thou must have sufficient sun (optional) Thou must have carbon dioxide Thou shall use the optimumstrain Thou must have a means to harvest Thou must have a cost effective extraction method

5. 10-30 X more productive vs other crops

6. Can use salty or waste water

7. Grown on marginal lands

9. 2. Thou will need land * For meeting 50% of all transport fuel needs of the United States. Chisti 2007

10. 3. Thou will need freshwater “Even though algae can thrive in salt and waste water, as well as fresh water, using large amounts of water for growing algae may be at odds with water needs of population centers, agriculture, and wildlife habitat. Evaporation alone can consume millions of gallons a day from moderately sized operations. ” Live Fuels

11. 4. Thou shall use cheap nutrients Can’t use fertilizer, therefore must seek out low cost nutrients like waste water.

12. 5. Thou must have consistent temperature Cooling night temperatures can have a dramatic impact on biomass production. Since the systems for growing algae (ponds) and soybean/corn (soil) are dramatically different. Temperature is a critical factor in allowing algae to be grown for seasons longer than row crops like soybean and corn.

13. 6. Thou must have sufficient sun (optional)

14. 7. Thou must have carbon dioxide 100 Tons 160 Tons Algae Biomass Carbon Dioxide Chisti 2007

15. 8. Thou shall use the optimum strain Over 30,000 strains of algae Single cellular and multicellular Photosynthetic and Non photosynthetic Freshwater and Saltwater

16. Chisti 2007, Gouveia 2009

17. 9. Thou must have a means to harvest How to separate the algae from the water.

18. Less than 0.5% biomass in every liter of water. High Biomass does NOT equal high lipid. Gouveia 2009

19. 10. Thou must a have a cost effective extraction versus Soybean Algae Most biofuel crops are dry which allows for a number of extraction methods to be utilized. Drying algae will either be very energy intensive or a limiting factor to crop turnaround time therefore creating a bottleneck.

20. Judgment Day of Algal Biofuel Meet the commodity cost fuel requirement Life Cycle Analysis Meet fuel standards United States ASTM Biodiesel Standard 6751 European Union EN 14214 Limits Linolenic acid methyl ester to 12% mol EN 14213 Limits Iodine to 120 and 130 g iodine/ 100 g biodiesel Plug and Play

21. About AlgaeU.com What is Algae U? Algae U is short for Algae University. We are a collaborative website focused on algae research and applications. Follow on twitter.com/AlgaeU