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By: ALEXIS JOHN B.
BENEDICTO
Teacher, Writer, Artist, Publication
adviser, THE HERALD
For more info. Visit “alexis art and
perception”
Like, comment, and leave a
message
Hint: The answer is NOT ‘because sir/miss told me to’
Measurement
Development
Professionalism
Implying that it is to:
Assess your knowledge and understanding?
Grade your achievements?
Judge your writing skills?
Measure you against your peers?
Implying that it is to:
Assess your knowledge and understanding?
Grade your achievements?
Judge your writing skills?
Measure you against your peers?
Of course, but it isn’t the main reason
Far more important is that you are given the opportunity:
to explore what you think
to improve how you think
to practice communicating your thoughts
Writing is a tool which can allow us to:
Organise our thoughts clearly
give ourselves room to examine
what we think
why we think it
whether we should continue to think it
Sustained, coherent and complex thinking cannot be
done silently.
That is to say, most people cannot sit alone and think
CLEARLY about something COMPLICATED for A LONG
PERIOD of time
But, what do you do when there is no-one you can talk to
Planning an essay is like having that conversation with
yourself
Writing the essay is sharing those thoughts with other
people
Which is important because….
Anybody can make a gut decision
but
only someone who is practiced in communicating and
reasoned argument will be able to justify how the more
difficult decision was made
….what kind of essays are there.
There are generally considered to be three types of essay
Descriptive
Contrast/compare
Argumentative
In de scribe e ssays, yo u are m e re ly aske d to
de scribe , so m e thing , be it an e ve nt, o bje ct, g raph o r
table .
Yo ur O PINIO Nis no t re q uire d unle ss spe cifically
aske d fo r
Description of object or place
Describing a sequence of events.
Describing a process
Describing and explaining
Introduction
major aspects of the subject.
description of aspect A
description of aspect B
etc.
Conclusion
Plan – Object or place
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Describe ....
•Narrate...
•Tell....
Plan – Sequence of Events
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Give an
account of...,
•Trace...,
•Examine
developments
in...
Introduction
First situation
then A happened
then B happened
etc.
Final situation
Conclusion
Plan – A Process
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Explain/What
is the
connection
between....
•Describe the
procedures by
which...
Definition of process
Main equipment/Main steps
Step One
leads to
Step Two
leads to
Step Three
Conclusion
Summary of process
Plan – Describing and explaining
Questions often introduced by:
•Explain the causes/reasons....
•Account for....
•Analyse the causes....
•Comment on (the reasons for)....
•Show that....
•Show why...
•Examine the effect of....
•Suggest reasons for....
•Why did...?
•What are the implications of...?
•Discuss the causes of....
•Discuss the reasons for....
Plan – Describing and explaining
Introduction to causes of A
Cause 1 + example
Effects 1
Cause 2 with example
Effects 2
etc.
Conclusion
Introduction to causes of A
Causes + examples
Transition
Effects
Conclusion
OR
Co ntrast or disting uish be twe e n questions usually
present you with two or more terms, instruments,
concepts or procedures that are closely
connected, and sometimes confused. The
purpose of the essay is to explain the differences
between them.
The contrast essay
The compare essay
The compare and contrast essays
Plan – Contrast
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Contrast ....
•Distinguish between ...
•What is the difference
between....
•What are the
differences between....
•How are ... and ...
different?
Introduction to differences
between A and B
Contrast A & B in terms of first
difference
Contrast A & B in terms of second
difference
etc
Conclusion
Plan – Compare
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Compare ....
•What features do ...
and ... have in
common?
•What are the
similarities
between....
•How are ... and ...
similar?
Introduction to similarities between A
and B
Compare A & B
in terms of first similarity
Compare A & B
in terms of second similarity
etc.
Conclusion
Plan – Compare/Contrast
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Compare ....
•What features do ...
and ... have in
common?
•What are the
similarities
between....
•How are ... and ...
similar?
The purpose of an argumentative essay
is to persuade the reader to follow your
point of view. You do this by supporting your
point with facts or relevant ideas.
The balanced view
The persuasive essay
The to what extent essay.
The balanced view
If the essay title begins with something like:
• Give the arg um e nts fo r and ag ainst. . . .
• Asse ss the im po rtance o f. . . .
• Exam ine the arg um e nts fo r and ag ainst. . . .
• What are the advantag e s and disadvantag e s
o f. . . ?
• Evaluate . . . .
Then you will need a BALANCED essay
The balanced view
That is to say:
• Present BOTH sides of the argument in an
unbiased fashion
• State your opinion in the conclusion, based on
the evidence you have provided
Plan –
The
balanced
view
Introduce the argument to the reader.
e.g. why it is particularly relevant topic nowadays
or refer directly to some comments that have been
voiced on it recently.
Reasons in favour of the argument
Reasons against the argument
After summarising the two sides,
state your own opinion,
and explain why you think as you do
The persuasive essay
If the essay title begins with something like:
• Give yo ur vie ws o n. . . .
• What do yo u think abo ut. . . ?
• Do yo u ag re e that. . . ?
• Co nside r whe the r. . . .
Then you will need a PERSUASIVE essay
The persuasive essay
In which you
• state yo ur o pinio n im m e diate ly
• try to co nvince the re ade r, by re aso ne d
arg um e nt, that yo u are rig ht
Plan –
The
persuasive
essay
Introduce the topic briefly in general terms,
and then state your own opinion.
Explain what you plan to prove in the essay.
Reasons against the argument.
Dispose briefly of the main objections to your case.
Reasons for your argument
the arguments to support your own view,
with evidence and examples.
Conclusion - Do not repeat your opinion again.
End your essay with something memorable
e.g. a quotation or a direct question.
The to what extent essay
If the essay title begins with something like:
• To what e xte nt . . . .
• Ho w true . . . .
• Ho w far do yo u ag re e . . . .
Then you will need a TO WHAT EXTENT
essay
The to what extent essay
• Because the truth is never 100%
• so, how true is it?
Plan –
The to what
extent essay
Introduction to problem
Aspect 1 - true
Aspect 1 - false
Aspect 2 - true
etc
Conclusion
a ‘subtraction’ sum
….how to write

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Alexis John Benedicto (Types of essays)

  • 1. By: ALEXIS JOHN B. BENEDICTO Teacher, Writer, Artist, Publication adviser, THE HERALD For more info. Visit “alexis art and perception” Like, comment, and leave a message
  • 2. Hint: The answer is NOT ‘because sir/miss told me to’
  • 4. Implying that it is to: Assess your knowledge and understanding? Grade your achievements? Judge your writing skills? Measure you against your peers?
  • 5. Implying that it is to: Assess your knowledge and understanding? Grade your achievements? Judge your writing skills? Measure you against your peers? Of course, but it isn’t the main reason
  • 6. Far more important is that you are given the opportunity: to explore what you think to improve how you think to practice communicating your thoughts
  • 7. Writing is a tool which can allow us to: Organise our thoughts clearly give ourselves room to examine what we think why we think it whether we should continue to think it
  • 8. Sustained, coherent and complex thinking cannot be done silently. That is to say, most people cannot sit alone and think CLEARLY about something COMPLICATED for A LONG PERIOD of time
  • 9. But, what do you do when there is no-one you can talk to
  • 10. Planning an essay is like having that conversation with yourself Writing the essay is sharing those thoughts with other people
  • 11. Which is important because….
  • 12. Anybody can make a gut decision but only someone who is practiced in communicating and reasoned argument will be able to justify how the more difficult decision was made
  • 13. ….what kind of essays are there.
  • 14. There are generally considered to be three types of essay Descriptive Contrast/compare Argumentative
  • 15. In de scribe e ssays, yo u are m e re ly aske d to de scribe , so m e thing , be it an e ve nt, o bje ct, g raph o r table . Yo ur O PINIO Nis no t re q uire d unle ss spe cifically aske d fo r
  • 16. Description of object or place Describing a sequence of events. Describing a process Describing and explaining
  • 17. Introduction major aspects of the subject. description of aspect A description of aspect B etc. Conclusion Plan – Object or place Questions are often introduced by: •Describe .... •Narrate... •Tell....
  • 18. Plan – Sequence of Events Questions are often introduced by: •Give an account of..., •Trace..., •Examine developments in... Introduction First situation then A happened then B happened etc. Final situation Conclusion
  • 19. Plan – A Process Questions are often introduced by: •Explain/What is the connection between.... •Describe the procedures by which... Definition of process Main equipment/Main steps Step One leads to Step Two leads to Step Three Conclusion Summary of process
  • 20. Plan – Describing and explaining Questions often introduced by: •Explain the causes/reasons.... •Account for.... •Analyse the causes.... •Comment on (the reasons for).... •Show that.... •Show why... •Examine the effect of.... •Suggest reasons for.... •Why did...? •What are the implications of...? •Discuss the causes of.... •Discuss the reasons for....
  • 21. Plan – Describing and explaining Introduction to causes of A Cause 1 + example Effects 1 Cause 2 with example Effects 2 etc. Conclusion Introduction to causes of A Causes + examples Transition Effects Conclusion OR
  • 22. Co ntrast or disting uish be twe e n questions usually present you with two or more terms, instruments, concepts or procedures that are closely connected, and sometimes confused. The purpose of the essay is to explain the differences between them.
  • 23. The contrast essay The compare essay The compare and contrast essays
  • 24. Plan – Contrast Questions are often introduced by: •Contrast .... •Distinguish between ... •What is the difference between.... •What are the differences between.... •How are ... and ... different? Introduction to differences between A and B Contrast A & B in terms of first difference Contrast A & B in terms of second difference etc Conclusion
  • 25. Plan – Compare Questions are often introduced by: •Compare .... •What features do ... and ... have in common? •What are the similarities between.... •How are ... and ... similar? Introduction to similarities between A and B Compare A & B in terms of first similarity Compare A & B in terms of second similarity etc. Conclusion
  • 26. Plan – Compare/Contrast Questions are often introduced by: •Compare .... •What features do ... and ... have in common? •What are the similarities between.... •How are ... and ... similar?
  • 27. The purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to follow your point of view. You do this by supporting your point with facts or relevant ideas.
  • 28. The balanced view The persuasive essay The to what extent essay.
  • 29. The balanced view If the essay title begins with something like: • Give the arg um e nts fo r and ag ainst. . . . • Asse ss the im po rtance o f. . . . • Exam ine the arg um e nts fo r and ag ainst. . . . • What are the advantag e s and disadvantag e s o f. . . ? • Evaluate . . . . Then you will need a BALANCED essay
  • 30. The balanced view That is to say: • Present BOTH sides of the argument in an unbiased fashion • State your opinion in the conclusion, based on the evidence you have provided
  • 31. Plan – The balanced view Introduce the argument to the reader. e.g. why it is particularly relevant topic nowadays or refer directly to some comments that have been voiced on it recently. Reasons in favour of the argument Reasons against the argument After summarising the two sides, state your own opinion, and explain why you think as you do
  • 32. The persuasive essay If the essay title begins with something like: • Give yo ur vie ws o n. . . . • What do yo u think abo ut. . . ? • Do yo u ag re e that. . . ? • Co nside r whe the r. . . . Then you will need a PERSUASIVE essay
  • 33. The persuasive essay In which you • state yo ur o pinio n im m e diate ly • try to co nvince the re ade r, by re aso ne d arg um e nt, that yo u are rig ht
  • 34. Plan – The persuasive essay Introduce the topic briefly in general terms, and then state your own opinion. Explain what you plan to prove in the essay. Reasons against the argument. Dispose briefly of the main objections to your case. Reasons for your argument the arguments to support your own view, with evidence and examples. Conclusion - Do not repeat your opinion again. End your essay with something memorable e.g. a quotation or a direct question.
  • 35. The to what extent essay If the essay title begins with something like: • To what e xte nt . . . . • Ho w true . . . . • Ho w far do yo u ag re e . . . . Then you will need a TO WHAT EXTENT essay
  • 36. The to what extent essay • Because the truth is never 100% • so, how true is it?
  • 37. Plan – The to what extent essay Introduction to problem Aspect 1 - true Aspect 1 - false Aspect 2 - true etc Conclusion a ‘subtraction’ sum