High temp (up to 1400 C) fluidized bed drying technology can be used for the drying, heating and calcining of non-heat-sensitive materials in the form of (or can be converted to by mixing process ) lump, grains and powder; for non-explosive material drying, heating and calcining; therefore it is possible to replace rotary dryer / calciner, steam tube rotary dyer / calciner, fluidized bed dryer / calciner with immersed steam heat exchangers: Building material: sands, quartz sand, frac sand, etc; ​Fertilizers: KCl, KSO4, etc; Inorganic salts: Compounds of sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lithium, etc; ​Non-Metallic and Metallic Ore: Cu concentration, kaolin/ clays, etc; Wastes: Municipal and industrial sludge, industrial solid wastes, etc;

1. Solutions for Drying & Calcining
High Temp Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
Delta Drying Technologies Ltd
Add: Suite 219, Block B ， Qilu Software Park, No. 1 Shunhua Rd, Jinan, China
Email: alexwong66@aol.com; oxtiger@139.com
Website ： www:coaldryingtech.com
Tel ： 0086-13953108165; 001-610-829-9317

2. High Temperature Fluidized
Bed Dryer / Calciner
• Rotary dryer is often considered as (1), robust, and valued for their reliability; (2) high throughput
capacity; (3) ability to accept variability in feedstock;
• While fluidized bed dryer is considered as (1) having a smaller footprint than rotary dryer; (2) only for
small processing facilities; (3) lower ability to accept variance in feedstock.
Actually, some of the above statements are wrong, and even total opposite.
• (1) Rotary dryers are robust and reliable. It is true that rotary dryers can be operated over 10 or 20 years and
fluidized bed dryers are shorter. That was caused due to design and fabrication: fluidzed bed dryer is stationary with
minimum moving parts and therefore it can be designed and fabricated with lower strength; rotary dryer is rotating
and therefore it has to be designed and fabricated with higher strength. For fluidized bed dryer for coal drying, they
have been in operation since 1970 and they are still in service now;
• (2) Throughout. It is total opposite. For lignite coal drying with 40% moisture, the maximum throughout with rotary
dryer is less than 100t/h; while it can up to 1000 t/h or even higher for fluidized bed dryer;
• (3) Ability to accept variability in feedstock. It is correct only to some degree. Fluidization requires minimum velocity
and maximum velocity and rotary dryer does have such a requirement on velocity. The maximum velocity is 5 to 10
times higher than minimum velocity and there is still adjustment range for selected material.

3. High Temperature Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
High temperature fluidized bed dryer
The maximum inlet temperature for conventional fluidized bed dryer/ calciner is around 650 C due to limitation caused
by air distribution plate design, few of them can be increased to 750C after modification. The maximum inlet
temperature for rotary dryer / calciner can be 1000 C, even 1050C. The actual inlet temperature is about 900 C to 950
C due to leaking from kiln hoods.
The maximum inlet temperature for new type fluidized bed dryer / calciner could be up to 1100 C for explosive material
drying and 1400 C for non-explosive material drying with new design of air distribution plate. High inlet temperature
makes it possible to integrate drying, heating and calcining, which can shorten process, reduce equipment dimensions
and capital cost.
Modifications to air distribution and discharge device makes sure that clumping can be eliminated during operation.

4. High Temperature Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
Comparison between High Temperature Fluidized Bed Dryer and Rotary Dryer
(For frac sand drying )
Rotary dryer ：
Wet sand ： 210t/h;
Inlet moisture: 6%;
Final moisture: 0.5%;
Discharged temp: 70C;
Air flow: 43000m3/h;
Diameter of rotary dryer: 2.75m;
Length of dryer: 16 m;
Weight of dryer: 75 t;
High temp fluidized bed dryer (same throughout):
Air flow: 33000m3/h;
Area of fluidized bed: 4m2;
Weight of dryer: 35 t;
High temp fluidized bed:
(1)Lower capital cost, 65% or so as rotary dryer;
(2)Lower power consumption due to lower air flow;
(3)Lower energy consumption due to higher inlet temp;

5. High Temperature Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
Comparison between High Temperature Fluidized Bed Dryer and Fluidized Bed Dryer
with Immersed Steam Heat Exchanger (For salt drying )
Fluidized Bed Dryer with Immersed Steam Heat Exchanger:
Wet salt: 21t/h;
Inlet moisture: 3%;
Final Moisture: 0.15%;
Salt discharged temp from dryer: 75C;
Air flow: 7100m3/h;
Bed Area: 1.5 m2;
Steam consumption: 840000 kcal/h;
High Temp Fluidized Bed Dryer (same throughout):
Air flow: 2100m3/h;
Bed area: 0.5 m2
Energy consumption: 600000 kcal/h;
High temp fluidized bed:
(1)Lower capital cost, 50% or so as Fluidized Bed Dryer with Immersed Steam Heat Exchanger;
(2)Lower power consumption due to lower air flow;
(3)Lower energy consumption due to higher inlet temp;

6. High Temperature Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
Comparison between High Temperature Fluidized Bed Dryer and Steam Rotary Dryer (For
coking coal drying )
Steam Rotary Dryer:
Wet coal: 300t/h;
Inlet moisture: 10.5%;
Final moisture: 6.5%;
Diameter of rotary dryer: 4.2 m;
Length of rotary dryer: 21 m;
Heat exchanger area: 2063 m2;
Weight of dryer: 275 ton;
Steam pressure: 1.5MPa;
Steam temp: 250 C;
Air flow: 71000m3/h;
High temp fluidized bed dryer (same throughout):
Air flow: 70000m3/h;
Bed area of dryer: 5 m2;
Weight of dryer: 60 ton;
High temp fluidized bed:
(1)Lower capital cost for process equipment, 50% or less as Steam Rotary Dryer;
(2)Lower energy consumption due to higher inlet temp;

7. High Temperature Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
Comparison between High Temperature Fluidized Bed Dryer / Calciner and Rotary Dryer / Calciner (For Oxide
Nickel drying / calcining in RKEF process )
High temp fluidized bed dryer / calciner:
Wet oxide nickel: 160 t/h;
Inlet moisture: 30%;
Final moisture: 0%;
Discharged temp from dryer / calciner: 900 C;
Bed area: 25 m2;
Weight of dryer / calciner: 600 ton;
Air flow: 200000 m3/h;
Capital cost for process equipment: $15 million;

8. High Temperature Fluidized Bed
Dryer / Calciner
Application
High temp fluidized bed drying
technology can be used for the drying,
heating and calcining of non-heat-
sensitive materials in the form of (or can
be converted to by mixing process )
lump, grains and powder; :
•Building material: sands, quartz sand,
frac sand, etc;
•​Fertilizers: KCl, KSO4, etc;
•Inorganic salts: Compounds of sodium,
calcium, magnesium, manganese,
nickel, lithium, etc;
•​Non-Metallic and Metallic Ore: Cu
concentration, kaolin/ clays, etc;
•​Wastes: Municipal and industrial
sludge, industrial solid wastes, etc;
Activated Carbon
Aggregate
Aluminum
Hydroxide
Ammonium
Sulfate
Barite
Bauxite
Bentonite
Blast Furnace
Slag
Borax
Boric Acid
Calcium
Carbonate
Calcium Sulfate
Carbon Black
Cement Klinker
Chrome Sand
Clay
Coal
Copper Concentrate
Copper Oxide
Cryolite
Diatomaceous Earth
Dolomite
Ilmenite
Iron Ore
Lead Concentrate
Limestone
Magnesite
Magnesium Sulfate
Manganese
Melamine Resin
Mica
Molybdenum
Sulfide
Molybdic Oxide
Nickel Concentrate
Perlite
Phosphate
Potash
Polyphosphate
Salts
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Sulfate
Quartz
Rutile
Salt
Sand
Sewage Sludge
Silica Sand
Soda Ash
Sodium
Bicarbonate
Sodium Chlorate
Sodium Dichomate
Sodium
Phosphate
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Sulfite
Spodumene
Tin
Titanium
Dioxide
Trona
Uranium
Vanadium
Zinc
Concentrate