Still one of the most modern and beautiful cities i've ever seen.

1. BERLIN - GERMANY
history brief and facts...
erlin is the capital city and one of
B sixteen states of Germany. With a
population of 3.4 million within its
The metropolis is home to
world-renowned universities, research
institutes, sporting events, orchestras,
an economic and social unit. In 1307, the
two cities were united politically. Over
time, the twin cities came to be known
city limits, Berlin is Germany’s largest
city. It is the second most populous city museums and personalities. Berlin’s simply as Berlin.In 1435, Frederick I
and the eighth most populous urban area urban landscape and historical legacy has became the elector of the Margraviate of
in the European Union. Located in made it a popular setting for international Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440.
northeastern Germany, it is the center of film productions. The city is recognized His successor, Frederick II, established
the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan for its festivals, diverse architecture, Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and
area, comprising 5 million people from
over 190 nations. nightlife, contemporary arts, extensive subsequent members of the Hohenzollern
public transportation networks and a high family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as
First documented in the thirteenth quality of living. Berlin has evolved into electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of
century, Berlin was successively the a global focal point for young individuals Prussia, and finally as German emperors.
capital of the Kingdom of Prussia and artists attracted by a liberal lifestyle In 1448 citizens rebelled in the “Berlin
(1701–1918), the German Empire and modern zeitgeist. The name Berlin, is Indignation” against the construction of a
(1871–1918), the Weimar Republic of unknown origin, but may be related to new royal palace by Elector Frederick II
(1919–1933) and the Third Reich
(1933–1945). After World War II, the the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- Irontooth.
city was divided; East Berlin became the “swamp”.
capital of East Germany while West This protest was not successful,
Berlin became a Western exclave, The earliest evidence of however, and the citizenry lost many of
surrounded by the Berlin Wall
(1961–1989). Following German settlements in today’s Berlin central areas its political and economic privileges. In
reunification in 1990, the city regained its is a wooden beam dated from 1451 Berlin became the royal residence
status as the capital of all Germany approximately 1192. The first written of the Brandenburg electors, and Berlin
hosting 147 foreign embassies. mention of towns in the area of had to give up its status as a free
present-day Berlin dates from the late Hanseatic city. In 1539, the electors and
Berlin is a major center of culture, twelfth century. The settlement of the city officially became Lutheran.
politics, media, and science in Europe. Its Spandau is first mentioned in 1197, and Frederick the Great was one of Europe’s
economy is primarily based on the
service sector, encompassing a diverse Köpenick in 1209, though these areas did enlightened monarchs. The Thirty Years’
range of creative industries, media not join Berlin until 1920. The central War between 1618 and 1648 had
corporations, environmental services, part of Berlin can be traced back to two devastating consequences for Berlin. A
congress and convention venues. The city towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first third of the houses were damaged and the
serves as a continental hub for air and rail mentioned in a 1237 document, and city lost half of its population. Frederick
transport, and is one of the most visited Berlin, across the Spree in what is now William, known as the “Great Elector”,
tourist destinations in the EU. Other
industries include traffic engineering, called the Nikolaiviertel, is referenced in who had succeeded his father George
optoelectronics, IT, pharmaceuticals, a document from 1244. The former is William as ruler in 1640, initiated a
biomedical engineering, and considered to be the “founding date”. policy of promoting immigration and
biotechnology. From the beginning, the two cities formed religious tolerance. g

2. twentieth century
BERLIN - GERMANY
history brief and facts...
W ith the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Frederick William
offered asylum to the French Huguenots. More than
15,000 Huguenots went to Brandenburg, of whom 6,000
into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into
which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western
Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France)
settled in Berlin. By 1700, approximately twenty percent of
formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East
Berlin’s residents were French, and their cultural influence on
Berlin. The Berlin Wall in 1986, painted on the western side.
the city was immense. Many other immigrants came from
People crossing the so-called “death strip” on the eastern
Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg. Berlin became the capital of
side were at risk of being shot.
the German Empire in 1871 and expanded rapidly in the
following years. (Unter den Linden in 1900)
All four allies retained shared responsibility for
With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king (in Berlin. However, the growing political differences
Königsberg), Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union led the
Prussia. In 1740 Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great latter, which controlled the territory surrounding Berlin,
(1740–1786) came to power. Berlin became, under the rule of to impose the Berlin Blockade, an economic blockade of
the philosophically oriented Frederick II, a center of the West Berlin. The allies successfully overcame the
Enlightenment. Following France’s victory in the War of the
Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in Blockade by airlifting food and other supplies into the
1806, but granted self-government to the city. In 1815 the city city from 24 June 1948 to 11 May 1949. In 1949, the
became part of the new Province of Brandenburg. Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West
Germany, and eventually
The Industrial Revolution included all of the American,
transformed Berlin during the British and French zones, but
nineteenth century; the city’s excluded those three countries’
economy and population expanded zones of Berlin, while the
dramatically, and it became the main Marxist-Leninist German
rail hub and economic center of Democratic Republic was
Germany. Additional suburbs soon proclaimed in East Germany.
developed and increased the area and West Berlin remained a free
population of Berlin. In 1861, city that was separate from the
outlying suburbs including Wedding, Federal Republic of Germany,
Moabit, and several others were and issued its own postage
incorporated into Berlin. In 1871, stamps. Airline service to West
Berlin became capital of the newly Berlin was granted only to
founded German Empire. On 1 April American, British and French
1881 it became a city district separate from Brandenburg. airlines. The founding of the two German states
increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was
At the end of World War I in 1918, the Weimar surrounded by East German territory. East Germany,
Republic was proclaimed in Berlin. In 1920, the Greater Berlin however, proclaimed East Berlin (which it described
Act united dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates only as “Berlin”) as its capital, a move that was not
around Berlin into a greatly expanded city at the expense of recognized by the Western powers. Although half the
Brandenburg. After this expansion, Berlin had a population of size and population of West Berlin, it included most of
around four million. On 30 January 1933 (Machtergreifung), the historic center of the city. The West German
Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. Nazi rule government, meanwhile, established itself provisionally
destroyed Berlin’s Jewish community, which had numbered in Bonn.
170,000 before 1933. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in 1938,
thousands of the city’s German Jews were imprisoned in the The tensions between east and west culminated in the
nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, in early 1943, construction of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin
were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz. During the and other barriers around West Berlin by East Germany on 13
war, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air August 1961 and were exacerbated by a tank standoff at
raids and during the Battle of Berlin. After the end of the war in Checkpoint Charlie on 27 October 1961. West Berlin was now
Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status,
the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. g

3. the fall of the Berlin wall and geography
BERLIN - GERMANY
history brief and facts...
1. Berlin was completely separated. It at the end of the last ice age. The Spree autumn are generally chilly to mild.
was possible for Westerners to pass follows this valley now. In Spandau, Berlin’s built-up area creates a
from one to the other only through microclimate, with heat stored by the
Berlin’s westernmost borough, the Spree city’s buildings. Temperatures can be
strictly controlled checkpoints. For
most Easterners, travel to West Berlin meets the river Havel, which flows from 4°C (7°F) higher in the city than in the
or West Germany was no longer north to south through western Berlin. surrounding areas.
possible. In 1971, a Four-Power The course of the Havel is more like a
agreement guaranteed access across chain of lakes, the largest being the Annual precipitation is
East Germany to West Berlin and ended Tegeler See and Großer Wannsee. A 22.4 inches (570 mm) with moderate
the potential for harassment or closure rainfall throughout the year. Light
series of lakes also feeds into the upper
of the routes. snowfall mainly occurs from December
Spree, which flows through the Großer through March, but snow cover does
In 1989, pressure from the East Müggelsee in eastern Berlin.
German population broke free across the not usually remain for long. The city’s
Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, which appearance today is predominantly
was subsequently mostly demolished. Substantial parts of present-day Berlin shaped by the key role it played in
Not much is left of it today; the East Side extend onto the low plateaus on both sides Germany’s history in the twentieth
Gallery in Friedrichshain near the of the Spree Valley. Large parts of the century. Each of the national
Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie governments based in Berlin — the
preserves a portion of the Wall. on the Barnim plateau, while most of the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar
Democracy and market economy changed boroughs Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Republic, Nazi Germany, East
East Germany and East Berlin. Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof- Germany, and now the reunified
Schöneberg, and Neukölln lie on the Germany — initiated ambitious
On 3 October 1990 the two parts Teltow plateau. The borough of Spandau construction programs, each with its
lies partly within the Berlin Urstromtal own distinctive character. Berlin was
of Germany were reunified as the Federal and partly on the Nauen Plain, which
Republic of Germany, and Berlin became stretches to the west of Berlin. The devastated by bombing raids during
World War II and many of the old
the German capital according to the highest elevations in Berlin are the buildings that escaped the bombs were
unification treaty. In June 1991 the Teufelsberg and the Müggelberge. Both eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s in
German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted hills have an elevation of about both West and East. Much of this
to move the (West) German capital back 115 metres (380 ft). The Teufelsberg is in destruction was initiated by municipal
fact an artificial pile of rubble from the architecture programs to build new
from Bonn to Berlin. In 1999, the German ruins of World War II. The outskirts of
parliament and government began their Berlin are covered with woodlands and residential or business quarters and
main roads. In the eastern part, many
work in Berlin. numerous lakes. Plattenbauten can be found, reminders
of Eastern Bloc ambitions to create
2. Berlin is located in eastern Germany, Berlin has a temperate/mesothermal complete residential areas with fixed
about 70 kilometers (44 miles) west of the climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen ratios of shops, kindergartens and
climate classification system. schools. The design of little red and
border with Poland in an area with marshy
terrain. The Berlin–Warsaw Urstromtal Summers are warm with average high green men on pedestrian crossing
temperatures of 22–25°C (mid 70s F) and lights, the Ampelmännchen, are also
(ancient river valley), between the low lows of 12–14°C (mid 50s F). Winters are rather spread in Eastern parts. Berlin’s
Barnim plateau to the north and the cold with average high temperatures of unique recent history has left the city
Teltow plateau to the south, was formed 4°C (upper 30s F) and lows of -2 to 0°C with a highly eclectic array of
by water flowing from melting ice sheets (upper 20s and low 30s F). Spring and architecture and buildings. g

4. BERLIN - GERMANY architecture
history brief and facts...
The area around Hackescher Markt is
T he Fernsehturm (TV tower) at
Alexanderplatz in Mitte is the
second-tallest structure in the
home to the fashionable culture, with
countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars,
European Union at 368 meters (1,207 ft). and galleries. This includes the
Built in 1969, it is visible throughout Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of
most of the central districts of Berlin. The buildings around several courtyards,
city can be viewed from its 204 metres reconstructed around 1996.
(670 ft) high observation floor. Starting Oranienburger Straße and the nearby
here the Karl-Marx-Allee heads east, an New Synagogue were the center of
avenue lined by monumental residential Jewish culture before 1933, and regains
buildings, designed in the Socialist being it today. Schloss Charlottenburg
Classicism Style of the Stalin era. is the largest existing palace in Berlin.
Adjacent to this area is the Rotes Rathaus the Napoleonic occupation of the city, is
(City Hall), with its distinctive red-brick bordered by two similarly designed The Straße des 17. Juni,
architecture. The previously built-up part cathedrals, the French Cathedral with its connecting the Brandenburg Gate and
in front of it is the Neptunbrunnen, a observation platform and the German Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as central
Cathedral. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), East-West-Axis. Its name
fountain featuring a mythological scene.
home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, commemorates the uprisings in East
The East Side Gallery is an open-air Berlin of 17 June 1953.
stands between the two cathedrals.
exhibition of art painted directly on the Approximately half-way from the
last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. It The Berliner Dom, a Protestant Brandenburg Gate is the Großer
is the largest remaining evidence of the cathedral and the third church on this site, Stern, a circular traffic island on
city’s historical division. It has recently is located on the Spree Island across from which the Siegessäule (Victory
undergone a restoration. the site of the Berliner Stadtschloss and Column) is situated. This monument,
adjacent to the Lustgarten. A large crypt built to commemorate Prussia’s
houses the remains of some of the earlier victories, was relocated 1938–39
Prussian royal family. Like many other from its previous position in front of
the Reichstag. The Kurfürstendamm
buildings, it suffered extensive damage is home to some of Berlin’s luxurious
during the Second World War. The stores with the Kaiser Wilhelm
Cathedral of St. Hedwig is Berlin’s Memorial Church at its eastern end on
Roman Catholic cathedral. Breitscheidplatz. The church was
destroyed in the Second World War
Unter den Linden is a tree lined and left in ruins. Near by on
east-west avenue from the Brandenburg Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe,
Gate to the site of the former Berliner claimed to be continental Europe’s
Stadtschloss, and was once Berlin’s largest department store. The Rathaus
premier promenade. Many Classical Schöneberg, where John F. Kennedy
made his famous “Ich bin ein
buildings line the street and part of Berliner!” speech, is situated in
The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic Humboldt University is located there. Tempelhof-Schöneberg. West of the
landmark of Berlin and Germany. It also Friedrichstraße was Berlin’s legendary center, Schloss Bellevue is the
appears on German euro coins (10 cent, street during the Roaring Twenties. It residence of the German President.g
20 cent, and 50 cent). The Reichstag combines twentieth century traditions
building is the traditional seat of the
German Parliament, renovated in the with the modern architecture of today’s
1950s after severe World War II damage. Berlin. Potsdamer Platz is an entire
The building was again remodeled by quarter built from scratch after 1995 after
British architect Norman Foster in the the Wall came down. To the west of
1990s and features a glass dome over the Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum,
session area, which allows free public which houses the Gemäldegalerie, and is
access to the parliamentary proceedings
and magnificent views of the city. flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and
the Philharmonic. The Memorial to the
The Gendarmenmarkt, a neoclassical Murdered Jews of Europe, a Holocaust
square in Berlin whose name dates back to memorial, is situated to the north.

5. BERLIN - GERMANY religion, economy, culture
history brief and facts...
contributes around 81.85%, industry technology parks worldwide. Research
18.03%, and agriculture 0.12% .After and development have established
Germany´s reunification, significant economic significance, and the Berlin
de-industrialization changed Berlin´s
economy which is today dominated by the Brandenburg region ranks among the top
service sector. The unemployment rate three innovative regions in the EU. Berlin
steadily decreased and reached a 13 is among the top three convention cities in
year-low with 13.3% in September 2008 the world and is home to Europe’s biggest
(German average: convention center in the form of the
7.4%/September/2008). Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC).
Among the Forbes Global 2000 It contributes to the rapidly increasing
and the 30 German DAX companies, tourism sector encompassing 659 hotels
Siemens and Deutsche Bahn control with 97,400 beds and numbered 17.8
headquarters in Berlin. A multitude of
1have no registered religious affiliation.
A majority of Berlin residents (60%)
German and international companies
established secondary departments or
million overnight stays and 7.9 million
hotel guests in 2008. Berlin has
The largest religious groups are established itself as the third most-visited
Protestants (mostly belonging to the service offices in the city. Among the 20
Evangelical Church of city destination in the European Union.
largest employers in Berlin are the
Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper railway company Deutsche Bahn, the
Lusatia, a united church) at 23% of the hospital company Charité, the local
population (757,000), Roman Catholics public transport company BVG, the
(9%, or 312,000 people), members of service provider Dussmann and the
other Christian churches (2.7%), and Piepenbrock Group. Daimler
Muslims (6%, or 213,000). Most of the manufactures cars, and BMW builds
over 120,000 Jews in Berlin have come motorcycles in Berlin. Bayer Schering
from the former Soviet Union. Pharma and Berlin Chemie are major
Berlin is seat of both a Roman pharmaceutical companies
Catholic bishop (Roman Catholic headquartered in the city. The second
Archdiocese of Berlin) and a Protestant most important German airline Air Berlin
bishop (Evangelical Church of and the rail company Deutsche Bahn are
Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper headquartered in Berlin. In Germany,
Lusatia). The Independent Universal Music and Sony Music are
Evangelical-Lutheran Church (former
name: Old Lutherans) has eight parishes
of different sizes in Berlin.
headquartered in Berlin as well.
3institutions, manyitsof which cultural
Berlin is noted for numerous
enjoy
international reputation. The diversity and
vivacity of the Zeitgeist Metropolis led to
There are 36 Baptist
an ever-changing and trendsetting image
congregations, 29 New Apostolic
among major cities. The city has a very
Churches, 15 United Methodist churches,
diverse art scene, and is home to around
eight Free Evangelical Congregations, an
420 art galleries. Young Germans and
Old Catholic church, and an Anglican
international artists continue to settle in the
church in Berlin. Berlin has eleven
city, and Berlin has established itself as a
synagogues, two Buddhist temples, and
center of youth and popular culture in
76 mosques. There are also a number of
Europe. Signs of this expanding role was
humanist and atheist groups in the city.
the 2003 announcement that the annual
Popkomm, Europe’s largest music industry
2based economy of thesector.isThe ICC
The
on the service
city mainly
Fast-growing sectors are communications,
life sciences, mobility and services with
convention, would move to Berlin after 15
years in Cologne. Shortly thereafter, the
and the Funkturm are part of the city’s Universal Music Group and MTV also
information and communication
exhibition and congress center. decided to move their European
technologies, media and music, advertising
and design, biotechnology and environmental headquarters and main studios to the banks
In 2008, the nominal GDP of the citystate
Berlin experienced a growth rate of 1.6% services, transportation and medical of the River Spree in Friedrichshain. In
(1.3% in Germany) and totaled €83.0 engineering. The Science and Business Park 2005, Berlin was awarded the title of “City
($108) billion, of which service sector of Berlin-Adlershof is among the 15 largest of Design” by UNESCO. g

6. BERLIN - GERMANY media, festivals, museums, arts
history brief and facts...
1television the home stations; the Europeanisand Germanmore
Berlin is
and radio
of many
industry. It home to
film
international, national as well than one thousand film and
as regional. The public television production
broadcaster RBB has its companies, 270 movie theaters,
headquarters there as well as and around 300 national and
the commercial broadcasters international co-productions
MTV Europe, VIVA, TVB, are filmed in the region every
FAB, N24 and Sat.1. German year. The venerable
international public Babelsberg Studios and the
broadcaster Deutsche Welle production company UFA are
has its TV production unit in located outside Berlin in
Berlin. Additionally, most Potsdam. The city is also home
national German broadcasters of the European Film Academy
have a studio in the city. and the German Film
American radio programming Academy, and hosts the annual
from National Public Radio Berlin Film Festival. Founded
NPR is also broadcast on the in 1951, the festival has been underground and carnival Love Parade, club
FM dial. Berlin has Germany’s celebrated annually in February counter-culture gatherings. It is transmediale and the
largest number of daily since 1978. With over 430,000 also home to many nightclubs, cultural festival Berliner
newspapers, with numerous admissions it is the largest including Kunst Haus Festspiele, which include
local broadsheets (Berliner publicly attended film festival Tacheles, techno clubs Tresor, the jazz festival JazzFest
Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, in the world. WMF, Ufo, E-Werk, the Berlin. Several technology
Der Tagesspiegel), and three infamous Kitkatclub and and media art festivals and
Berghain. The Linientreu, near
major tabloids, as well as
national dailies of varying 2diverse and one of the most
Berlin has
vibrant nightlife the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial
conferences are held in the
city, including
sizes, each with a different scenes in Europe. Throughout Church, has been well known Transmediale and Chaos
political affiliation, such as Die the 1990s, twentysomethings since the 1990s for techno Communication Congress.
Welt, Junge Welt, Neues from surrounding countries, music. The LaBelle
Deutschland, and Die particularly those in Eastern discothèque in Friedenau
Tageszeitung. The Exberliner,
a monthly magazine, is Berlin’s
and Central Europe, made
Berlin’s club scene the premier
became famous as the location
of the 1986 Berlin discotheque
3museums. The ensemble
Berlin is home to 153
English-language periodical bombing. Berlin is one of the on the Museum Island is a
nightlife destination of Europe. UNESCO World Heritage
focusing on arts and After the fall of the Berlin Wall most popular areas for nightlife
entertainment. Berlin is also the and DJ-culture in Europe. Site and is situated in the
in 1989, many buildings in
headquarters of two major Mitte, the former city center of northern part of the Spree
SO36 in Kreuzberg originally Island between the Spree
German-language publishing East Berlin, were renovated. focused largely on punk music
houses: Walter de Gruyter and Many had not been rebuilt and the Kupfergraben. As
but today has become a popular early as 1841 it was
Springer, each of which since the Second World War. venue for dances and parties of
publishes books, periodicals, Illegally occupied by young designated a “district
all kinds. SOUND, located from dedicated to art and
and multimedia products. people, they became a fertile 1971 to 1988 in Tiergarten and
Berlin is an important center in ground for all sorts of antiquities” by a royal
today in Charlottenburg, gained decree. Subsequently, the
notoriety in the late 1970s for its Altes Museum (Old
popularity with heroin users and Museum) in the Lustgarten
other drug addicts as described displaying the bust of Queen
in Christiane F.’s book Wir Nefertiti, and the Neues
Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo. Museum (New Museum),
The Karneval der Kulturen, a Alte Nationalgalerie (Old
multi-ethnic street parade National Gallery),
celebrated every Pentecost Pergamon Museum, and
weekend, and the Christopher Bode Museum were built
Street Day, which is Central there.While these buildings
Europe’s largest gay-lesbian once housed distinct
pride event and is celebrated collections, the names of the
the last weekend of June, are buildings no longer
openly supported by the city’s necessarily correspond to
government. Berlin is also the names of the collections
well known for the techno they house. g

7. BERLIN - GERMANY media, festivals, museums, arts
history brief and facts...
Apart from theis Museum Lichtenberg, onEast grounds
Island, there a wide of the former
the
German
variety of museums. The Ministry for State Security
Gemäldegalerie (Painting (Stasi), is the Stasi Museum.
Gallery) focuses on the The site of Checkpoint
paintings of the “old masters” Charlie, one of the renowned
from the thirteenth to the crossing points of the Berlin
eighteenth centuries, while the Wall, is still preserved and
Neue Nationalgalerie (New also has a museum. The
National Gallery, built by museum, which is a private
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) venture, exhibits a
specializes in twentieth comprehensive array of
century European painting. material about people who
The Hamburger Bahnhof, devised ingenious plans to
located in Moabit, exhibits a flee the East. The Beate Uhse
major collection of modern Erotic Museum near Zoo
and contemporary art. In Station claims to be the Komische Oper has named for the orchestra’s
spring 2006, the expanded world’s largest erotic traditionally specialized in longest-serving conductor,
Deutsches Historisches museum. operettas and is located at Herbert von Karajan. The
Museum re-opened in the Unter den Linden as well. The current principal conductor
Zeughaus with an overview of
German history through the 4 Berlin is home to more than Deutsche Oper opened in 1912
50 theaters. The Deutsches in Charlottenburg. During the
is Simon Rattle. The
Konzerthausorchester
fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Theater in Mitte was built in division of the city from 1961 Berlin was founded in 1952
The Bauhaus-Archive is an 1849–50 and has operated to 1989 it was the only major as the orchestra for East
architecture museum. The continuously since then, opera house in West Berlin. Berlin, since the
Jewish Museum has a standing except for a one-year break Philharmonic was based in
exhibition on two millennia of (1944–45) due to the Second There are seven West Berlin. Its current
German-Jewish history. The World War. The Volksbühne symphony orchestras in principal conductor is
German Museum of on Rosa Luxemburg Platz was Berlin. The Berlin Lothar Zagrosek. The Haus
Technology in Kreuzberg has a built in 1913–14, though the Philharmonic Orchestra is one der Kulturen der Welt
large collection of historical company had been founded of the preeminent orchestras in presents various exhibitions
technical artifacts. The already in 1890. The Berliner the world; it is housed in the dealing with intercultural
Museum für Naturkunde Ensemble, famous for Berliner Philharmonie near issues and stages world
exhibits natural history near performing the works of Potsdamer Platz on a street music and conferences. g
Berlin Hauptbahnhof. It has Bertolt Brecht, was established
the largest mounted dinosaur in 1949, not far from the
in the world (a brachiosaurus), Deutsches Theater. The
and a preserved specimen of Schaubühne was founded in
the early bird Archaeopteryx. 1962 in a building in
Kreuzberg, but moved in 1981
In Dahlem, there are to the building of the former
several museums of world art Universum Cinema on
and culture, such as the Kurfürstendamm. Berlin has
Museum of Indian Art, the three major opera houses: the
Museum of East Asian Art, Deutsche Oper, the Berlin
the Ethnological Museum, the State Opera, and the Komische
Museum of European Oper. The Berlin State Opera
Cultures, as well as the Allied on Unter den Linden is the
Museum (a museum of the oldest; it opened in 1742. Its
Cold War), the Brücke current musical director is
Museum (an art museum). In Daniel Barenboim. The