Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4. Watch more: http://telecomacadmey.com/What-is-Ipv6/ ============================================================================================================ Join us on Site: http://telecomacadmey.com/ Join us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Telecom-Acad... Join us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TelecomAcad Join us on tumblr: https://www.tumblr.com/blog/telecomac... Join us on Quora: https://www.quora.com/profile/Telecom... Join us on Google +: https://plus.google.com/u/0/104392545... Join us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/telecomacad/ Join us on pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/hamzathenet...
2. The Need for IPv6
• IPv6 has a larger 128-bit address space,
providing
(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,76
8,211,456 to be exact) addresses. This
provides roughly 50 octillion addresses per
person alive on Earth today, or roughly 3.7 x
1021 addresses per square inch of the Earth’s
surface.
• A lack of Internet addresses caused web
programmes slow down.
• To allow the Internet to continue to grow and
spread across the world, implementing IPv6 is
necessary.
3. The Need for IPv6
• The depletion of IPv4 address space
has been the motivating factor for
moving to IPv6
• IPv4 has a theoretical maximum of 4.3
billion addresses. With an increasing
Internet population, a limited IPv4
address space, issues with NAT and an
Internet of Everything.
• The time has come to begin the
transition to IPv6.
4. IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
• There is not a single date to move to IPv6. For the
future, both IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist. The IETF has
created various protocols and tools to help
network administrators migrate their networks to
IPv6. The migration techniques can be divided into
three categories:
• Dual Stack –A station must run IPv4 and IPv6
simultaneously until all the Internet uses IPv6. To
determine which version to use when sending a
packet to a destination to the source host queries
the DNS. If the DNS return an IPv4 address, the
source host sends an IPv4 packet. If the DNS return
an IPv6 address, the source host sends an IPv6
packet.
5. IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
• Tunneling: is a strategy used when two computer
using IPv6 want to communicate with each other and
the packet must pass through a region that uses an
IPv4. To pass through this region the packet must
have an IPv4 address. So the IPv6 packet is
encapsulated in IPv4 packet when it enters the
region, and it leaves its capsule when it exits the
region. It seems as if the IPv6 packet enters the
tunnel at one end and emerges at other end.
• Header Translation: sender wants to use Ipv6 but the
receiver does not understand Ipv6
• Tunneling does not worked
• Must Ipv4 format to understood
• Header format totally changed
6. Benefits of IPv6
IPv6 offers the following features:
• Increased Address Space and
Scalability – providing the absurd
number of possible addresses stated
previously.
• Integrated Security – provides built-in
authentication and encryption into the
IPv6 network header
• Compatibility with IPv4 – simplifies
address migration, as IPv6 is backward-
compatible with IPv4
7. IPv6 Address Representation
• An IPv6 address is represented as eight
groups of four hexadecimal digits, each
group representing 16 bits (two octets, a
group sometimes also called a hextet). The
groups are separated by colons (:).
• 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
• The hexadecimal digits are case-insensitive.
• The full representation of IPv6 have
following techniques;
• Leading zeroes in a group may be omitted,
but each group must retain at least one
hexadecimal digit.
• Thus, the example address may be written
as: 2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334
8. IPv6 Address Representation(cont.)
• One or more consecutive groups of zero
value may be replaced with a single
empty group using two consecutive
colons (::)
• but the substitution may only be applied
once in the address, because multiple
occurrences would create an ambiguous
representation.
• For example
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
can be written as
2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334
9. What happened to IPv5?
• Version 5 of the IP family was an
experimental protocol developed in the
1980s. IPv5 (also called the Internet
Stream Protocol) was never widely
deployed.
• Since the number 5 was already
allocated, this number was not
considered for the successor to IPv4.
• Several proposals were suggested as the
IPv4 successor, and each was assigned a
number. In the end, it happened that the
one with version number 6 was selected.
10. IPv6 Address Types
• Unicast - An IPv6 unicast address
uniquely identifies an interface on an
IPv6-enabled device
• Multicast - An IPv6 multicast address is
used to send a single IPv6 packet to
multiple destinations.
• Anycast - An IPv6 anycast address is any
IPv6 unicast address that can be assigned
to multiple devices. A packet sent to an
anycast address is routed to the nearest
device having that address.
11. World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day
• World IPv6 Day was a technical testing and
publicity event in 2011 sponsored and organized
by the Internet Society and several large Internet
content services to test and promote public IPv6
deployment.
• Following the success of the 2011 test day, the
Internet Society carried out a World IPv6
Launch day on June 6, 2012 which, instead of
just a test day, was planned to permanently
enable IPv6 for the products and services of the
participants
• Up till now 20 % of IPv6 has been deployed in
the world and might be possible world will
transit to IPv6 in early 2020 due to shortage of
IPv4.
12. The IPv6 Prefix
• IPv4 utilizes a subnet mask to define the
network “prefix” and “host” portions of
an address.
• IPv6 always use CIDR notation to
determine what bits notate the prefix of
an address:
• Full Address:
1254:1532:26B1:CC14:123:1111:2222:3333/64
Prefix ID: 1254:1532:26B1:CC14:
Host ID: 123:1111:2222:3333
• The /64 indicates that the first 64 bits of
this address identify the prefix.
An IP address is essentially a postal address for each and every Internet-connected device. Without one, websites would not know where to send the information each time you perform a search or try to access a website.
The world officially ran out of the 4.3 billion available IPv4 addresses in February 2011. Yet, hundreds of millions of people are still to come online, many of whom will do so in the next few years. IPv6 is what will allow them to come online, providing enough addresses (2128 to be exact) for everyone and all of their various devices.
A lack of Internet addresses would have caused many problems; your favorite web programmes would slow down, computers would find it more difficult to communicate with one another, and your privacy could be compromised because it will be hard to tell the difference between you and another computer user down the street.
To allow the Internet to continue to grow and spread across the world, implementing IPv6 is necessary.
Allowance for extension
Support for mobility
Support for better security
Zayn aik lazy banda hy usy us ki mama ny bola ja k motor on krdo
Wo betha soch rha hy k mai ni ja rha same isi trha internt of everything humain is chez ki facility dyta hay k hum apny electric devices ko ip assign kr skty hain lekin ipv4 hmari ye need poori ni krta or Internet of everything k liay humain Ipv6 ki zrort hy ta k hum hr kisi device ko ip assign kr sakain or us device ko apny mobile device ya kisi b electronic devices mai app ya web application k through hum usy control ker skty hain.
International Engeneering task force
Dual stack: A station must run IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously until all the Internet uses IPv6. To determine which version to use when sending a packet to a destination to the source host queries the DNS. If the DNS return an IPv4 address, the source host sends an IPv4 packet. If the DNS return an IPv6 address, the source host sends an IPv6 packet.
Network Address Translation protocol
Tunneling: is a strategy used when two computer using IPv6 want to communicate with each other and the packet must pass through a region that uses an IPv4. To pass through this region the packet must have an IPv4 address. So the IPv6 packet is encapsulated in IPv4 packet when it enters the region, and it leaves its capsule when it exits the region. It seems as if the IPv6 packet enters the tunnel at one end and emerges at other end.
Header Translation: sender wants to use Ipv6 but the receiver does not understand Ipv6
> Tunneling does not worked
> Must Ipv4 format to understood
> Header format totally changed
Automatic configuration: IPv6 hosts can automatically configure their own IPv6 addresses and other configuration parameters, even in the absence of an address configuration infrastructure such as DHCP.
No more NAT (Network Address Translation)
Auto-configuration
No more private address collisions
Better multicast routing
Simpler header format
Simplified, more efficient routing
True quality of service (QoS), also called "flow labeling"
Built-in authentication and privacy support
Flexible options and extensions
Easier administration (say good-bye to DHCP)
Security - Built-in, strong IP-layer encryption and authentication
Mobility - More efficient and robust mechanisms
Mobile hosts have one or more home address
relatively stable; associated with host name in DNS
A Host will acquire a care-of address when it discovers it is in a foreign subnet (i.e., not its home subnet)
uses auto-configuration or local policy to get the address
registers the care-of address with a home agent,i.e, a router on its home subnet
Packets sent to the mobile’s home address(es) are intercepted by home agent and forwarded to the care-of address, using encapsulation
Mobile IPv6 hosts sends binding-updates to correspondent to remove home agent from flow
Quality of Service
Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (RFC 3041)
Source address selection
Internet stream protocol was never used by public it was only for experimenta;l purposes
Due to different flaws it was never introduced .
What is Unicast?
Unicast is a type of communication where data is sent from one computer to another computer. Unicast is a one-to-one type of network communication. Different data streams are generated for each Unicast connection. This type of communication is the option when clients need different data from network server.
In Unicast type of communication, there is only one sender, and only one receiver.
Example for IPv6 Unicast type of network communication:
1) Browsing a website. (Webserver is the sender and your computer is the receiver.)
2) Downloading a file from a FTP Server. (FTP Server is the sender and your computer is the receiver.)
What is Multicast?
Multicast is a type of communication where multicast traffic addressed for a group of devices on the network. IPv6 multicast traffic are sent to a group and only members of that group receive the Multicast traffic.
Devices which are interested in a particular Multicast traffic must join to that Multicast group to receive the traffic.IPv6 Multicast Groups are identified by IPv6 Multicast Addresses.
In Multicast, the sender transmit only one copy of data and it is delivered to many devices (Not all devices as inIPv4 Broadcast) who are interested in that traffic.
What is Anycast?
Anycast is a type of IPv6 network communication in which IPv6 datagrams from a source are routed to the nearest device (in terms of routing distance) from a group servers which provide the same service. Every nodes which provide the same service are configured with same Anycast destination address.
Refer the above image. Here we have three servers providing the same network service, but located at different routing distances from the source network. With the help of routing protocols, IPv6 Anycast network communication can identify the near node from a group of server nodes, which provides the same service and avail the service from the near server
World IPv6 Day was announced on January 12, 2011 with five anchoring companies: Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Akamai Technologies, and Limelight Networks.[3] The event started at 00:00 UTC on June 8, 2011 and ended 23:59 the same day
he main motivation for the event was to evaluate the real world effects of the IPv6 brokenness as seen by various synthetic tests. To this end, during World IPv6 Day major web companies and other industry players enabled IPv6 on their main websites for 24 hours. An additional goal was to motivate organizations across the industry – Internet service providers, hardware makers, operating system vendors and web companies – to prepare their services for IPv6, so as to ensure a successful transition from IPv4 as address space runs out[
here were more than 400 participants in the original World IPv6 Day.[8] included some of the most heavily accessed destinations on the Internet, content distribution networks,[9] as well as various Internet service and infrastructure providers including:[10] Comcast, Google, Yahoo, Facebook, Yandex[11] YouTube, Akamai Technologies, Limelight Networks, Microsoft, Vonage, AOL, Mapquest, T-Online, Cisco, Juniper Networks, Huawei, the US Department of Commerce, MasterCard, the BBC, and Telmex. Major carriers measured the percentage of IPv6 traffic of all Internet traffic as increasing from 0.024 to 0.041 with respect to native and tunneled stacks combined.[12] Most IPv6 traffic in consumer access networks was to Google sites.[13] Demonstrating the need for content sites to adopt IPv6 for success, the biggest increase was actually in 6to4 transitional technologies.[13]Early results indicated that the day passed according to plan and without significant problems for the participants.[14]
Cisco and Google reported no significant issues during the test.[15][16] Facebook called the results encouraging, and decided to leave their developer site IPv6-enabled as a result.[17] But the consensus was that more work needed to be done before IPv6 could consistently be applied