Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study Information required for OD OD Survey Types Methodology Road Side Interview Method License Plate Method Tag on Car method Home Interview method postal method online survey method commercial and public vehilce method survey OD MATRIX Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram Conclusion and Reference.

1. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING (TR-603) PRESENTATION
TOPIC:- ORIGIN & DESTINATION SURVEY
SUBMITTED BY:
AKASH KUMAR
202111818
MTech (GI)
MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY (MANIT), BHOPAL (MP)
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. PRITIKANA DAS

2. Index
Introduction
Objectives
Information Required for OD Study
O-D Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Return Post Card Method
Tag on-Car method
Home Interview Method
OD Matrix
Presentation of OD Data
Desire Line and Flow Line Diagram
Conclusion
Reference

3. O-D Survey
Introduction
 OD studies are conducted to understand the pattern
of the movement of persons and goods in a particular
area of interest during a particular period of time.
 These surveys collect household characteristics of the
trip making family, time of the day when journey’s are
made, trip purpose and mode of travel

4. Objective of O & D Study
 To determine the flow & adequacy of existing traffic
route.
 To determine the amount of by-passable traffic.
 To locate terminals and to plan terminal facilities.
 To Plan of new network of road and mass transit
facilities.
 To locate intermediate stops of public transport.
 To locate new bridges as per traffic demands.
 To assess the adequacy of parking facilities.
 To develop trip generation and trip distribution model.

5. Terminologies used in O-D Surveys:
Image Source:
https://sti-india-uttoolkit.adb.org/mod1/se6/008.html
Cordon Line: An Imaginary line
circumscribing the boundary of the
study area is termed as the Cordon Line.
Screen Lines: Imaginary lines along the
physical and natural barriers having road
crossing points within the study area,
are termed as screen lines.

6. OD Survey Types
 Over Rural Roads
 For solving freight related issues and problems,
 Focusing on tonnage rather than trip length.
 Type of Goods is also observed. (flammable or inflammable).
 Over Urban Roads
 For solving Public related issues and problems.
 Focusing on Trip length rather than tonnage.
 Purpose of trip is also observed here.

7. Information Required
 Where travelers are coming from
 Where trip makers are going to
 Purpose of Trip
 Mode of Travel
 Trip Length
 Trip Cost
 Travel Time
 Other Socio-economic data
Image Source:
http://www.cs.sjtu.edu.cn/~yzhu/nrl/projects.htm

8. Methods of
Conducting O
& D Study
License
Plate
Tag on
Car
Return
Post Card
Home
Interview
Road
Side
Interview
O & D Survey Methods

9. Road Side Interview Method
 Vehicles Are stopped And
Interview with prescribed
questionnaire
 The Survey points are selected
along the junction of the cordon-
line or screen-line with the roads.
 For dual carriageways (few traffic)
both direction is dealt
simultaneously.
DatatobeCollected
Place & Time of Origin
Place & Time of
Destination
Route
Purpose of the Trip
Types of Vehicles
Numbers of Passengers
in each vehicle

10. Road Side Interview Survey
Image Source: www.trafficwatchuk.co.uk

11. Advantages and Disadvantages of Road Side
Interview Method
Advantages
Data is collected quickly in short duration.
Field organization is simple.
The Team can be trained quickly.
Limitations
The vehicles are stopped for interview and there is delay to
the vehicular movement and congestion may happen.

12. Format of Road Side Interview Survey
Image Source: CEPT University, Transportation Lab

13. License Plate Method
The entire area under the study is cordoned out.
Stationed at all points of entry and exit on all the routes leading to
and out of area.
Observes note the license plate numbers of the vehicles entering
and leaving the cordoned area.
By Matching the registration number of the vehicles at the point
of entry and exit from the area. One is enabled to identify two
points on the paths of the vehicles.

14. Automatic License Plate Method
ImageSource:https://www.accu-traffic.ca/

15. License Plate Method
Advantages
This method does not interfere with the traffic in any way.
Disadvantages
Information obtained is limited since no data obtained
regarding through traffic, time of journey, final destination,
location of stoppages.
Analysis of the Result can be complicated.

16. Return Post Card Method
In this method reply-paid questionnaires are handed over
to the drivers at the survey points and requesting to all of the
drivers to complete the information and return it by post.
Advantages
This method are simpler and cheaper than many others.
This method avoids delay caused to the drivers.
Disadvantages
Reponses may not a good.

17. Format of Return Post Card Method
Chart Source: https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1402/1320

18. Tag on-Car Method
In this Method, each point where road
cross the cordon line, vehicles are
stopped & a tag is fixed and Removed at
exit points.
Different survey stations have different
Tag shapes and color to identify the
survey stations.
The time of entering and leaving the
area may be marked on the tags in
order to enable the journey times to be
determined.
Image Source: https://www.truebil.com/blog/how-
to-get-use-recharge-check-the-balance-in-fast-tags

19. Home Interview Method
Sample size of 0.5 to 10% of the population is
selected & trained person visit their residence
to collect the travel data.
Detailed information is obtained on the spot.
The data collected is useful for road planning
network and other road facilities.
Number of Trip Made
Their Origin & Destination
Purpose of Trip
Travel Mode
Number of Residents
Age
Sex
Vehicle Ownership
Number of Drivers
Family Income
Source: http://www.tools4dev.org/resources/how-to-choose-a-sample-size/

20. Advantages:
The problem of stopping of
vehicles and consequent
difficulties are avoided
The present travel needs are
clearly known and the analysis is
also simple.
Limitations:
Limited sample size.
Manual Data entry may increase
time and error.
Cost will be high.
ImageSource:
http://www.helpingyoucare.com/19572/

21. Other Methods for O-D Survey Data
Commercial Vehicle
Survey
Public Transport
Survey
Telephonic
Survey
Online (Web-Based)
Survey
Image Source:
https://in.pinterest.com/

22. OD Matrix
OD Matrix are the most common way to define demand for
simulation.
It is a two way table giving the connectivity in Peak Hour Peak
Direction Trips (PHPDT) between two areas.
In each cell of the matrix the demand for the specific Origin-
Destination pair (OD pair) is given
Uses
OD Matrix is used for Junction measures.:-
oRotary- <= 6000
oSignal- > 6000
oFlyover > 12000.
To Calculate the potential of Public transport in the study area.

23. Presentation of Origin and Destination Data
-OD Matrix
Table Source: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1716

24. Desire Line Diagram (DLD)
Desire Lines are used to illustrate on a map the flows of
people or goods from point to point based on the values
from a matrix
Thickness of line shows more traffic at the location
High line weight = More number of trips.
Trip rates show the number of traffic/people movements in
and out of a development (or an average of a number of
developments within the same land use category), for a given
trip rate parameter factor

25. Desire Line Charts
Image Source: https://www.mapping-tools.com%2Fhowto%2Fmaptitude%2Fanalysis-tools%2Fdesire-lines%

26. Flow and Desire Line Diagram
Source: https://www.ptamarin.com%2Fmaps%2Fpages%2Ftraffic-flow-map.html/

27. Conclusion
Origin-Destination (OD) studies are an important tool for
transportation Professionals. OD studies are conducted to
understand the pattern of the movement of Persons and Goods in a
particular area of interest during a particular period of time.
Used for many purpose like to determine the extent to which the
present highway system is adequate and plan for new facilities.
Data provided may useful in Extra widening of carriage width & if
flyover or underpass should be provided
We’ll know if movement of heavy commercial vehicles should be
avoided at day time and allowed at night time.
Alteration of signal timing during peak hour period.
Software’s like CUBE, AUTOCAD can be used for statistical analysis.

28. Reference
1. Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, CA O'Flaherty, MGH Bell
& PW Bonsall (BH Publication)
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kddbZMp7FuQ (YouTube
Channel- WIT Solapur - Professional Learning Community)
3. https://www.slideshare.net/kezangkl11/orgin-destination-survey
4. https://www.coursehero.com/file/p54kidi/Methods-of-conducting-
Origin-Destination-surveys-1-Roadside-interviews-RSI/
5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228647109_Characterist
ics_of_Web-based_surveys_and_applications_in_travel_research
6. NPTEL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/107/105107067/