KNOWLEDGE OF PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT

1. Shree Swami Atmanand Saraswati Institute of Technology
A PRESENTATION ON
“PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT”
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT
[2160601]
TERM :- DECEMBER 2018 to APRIL 2019
SEMESTER : 6th
PREPARED BY :-
PATEL AJAYKRUSHN - 170763106017 GUIDED BY :-
PROF. SWATI A. PAREKH

2.  OVERVIEW
WHAT IS PILE DRIVING?
SELECTION OF PILE DRIVING
METHOD OF PILE DRIVING

3. 1. WHAT IS PILE DRIVING?
 The ‘operation’ of inserting a pile into the ground is
known as “pile driving”.
 Piles are driven into the ground by means of hammers.
 The equipment used to lift the hammer and allow it to
fall on the head of pile is known as the “pile driver”.

4. Pile
Hammer
Lead
Helmet
Boom
Crane
Spotter
Pile Gate
Pile Driving System
Monkey

5. 2. SELECTION OF PILE DRIVING
 Type of soil at site
 Costs of pile driving equipment
 Material of pile
 Length of pile
 Ground water level

6. 3. METHOD OF PILE DRIVING
METHOD
Hammer Driving
Vibratory Pile Driver
Water Jetting And
Hammering
Partial Augering
Method

7. 1) Hammer Driving
For hammer driving following equipment are required:-
I. Pile frame
II. Pile hammer
III. Leads
IV. Winches
V. Miscellaneous equipment

8. II. Pile hammer
The hammer used for pile driving are of the following types :-
a) Drop hammer
b) Single acting hammer ( steam or pneumatic )
c) Double acting hammer ( steam or pneumatic )
d) Diesel hammer
e) Vibratory hammer

9. a) Drop hammer
1. A drop hammer is a heavy metal weight that
is lifted by a rope, then released and
allowed to fall on top of the pile.
2. Standard drop hammers are made in sizes
which vary from about 225 to 1360 kg.
3. The height of drop or fall most frequently
used varies from 1.5 to 6 m.
4. Drop hammers may strike 4 to 8 blows per
minute.

10.  Advantages of Drop Hammers:
1. Small investment in equipment.
2. Simplicity of operation.
3. Ability to vary the energy per blow by varying the height of
fall.
 Disadvantages of Drop Hammers:
1. Slow rate of driving piles.
2. Danger of damaging piles by lifting a hammer too high.
3. Danger of damaging adjacent buildings as a result of the
heavy vibration caused by a hammer.
4. Cannot be used directly for underwater driving.

12. b) Single acting hammer
( steam or pneumatic )
 A single-acting steam hammer is a freely falling
weight, called a ram, which is lifted by steam or
compressed air, whose pressure is applied to the
underside of a piston that is connected to the
ram through a piston rod.
 Single-acting steam hammers may strike 50 or
more blows per minute.
 Single-acting steam hammers may be open or
enclosed.

13. Helmet
Ram
Piston
Single-Acting Air/Steam
Hammer Operation
Pile

14.  Advantages of Single-Acting Steam Hammers Compared
with Drop Hammers:
1. Greater number of blows per minute permits faster driving.
2. Reduction in the velocity of the ram decreases the danger of damage
to piles during driving.
3. The enclosed types may be used for underwater driving.
 Disadvantages of Single-Acting Steam Hammers Compared
with Drop Hammers:
1. They require more investment in equipment such as steam boiler or an
air compressor.
2. They are more complicated, with higher maintenance cost.
3. They require more time to set up and take down.
4. They require a large operating crew.

15.  In a double acting hammer , air or
steam pressure is used to raise the
hammer. When hammer has been
raised to the required height, air or
steam pressure is applied to other side
of piston, the hammer is pushed down
under pressure.
 Weight – 1 to 2.5 ton
 1 Minute – 90 to 240 blows
 It’s very useful for driving piles , under
water
 The initial and maintenance cost are
high
c) Double acting hammer
( steam or pneumatic )

16.  A diesel Pile driving hammer is a self-contained
driving unit which does not require an external
source of energy a steam boiler or an air
compressor.
 Therefore, it is simpler and easily moved from
one location to another than a steam hammer.
 A complete unit consists of a vertical cylinder, a
piston or ram, an anvil, fuel tank, lubricating oil
tank, a fuel pump, injectors, and a mechanical
lubricator.
 After the hammer is placed on top of a pile, the
combined piston and ram are lifted to the upper
end of the stroke and released to start the unit
operating.
d) Diesel hammer

17.  Advantages of Diesel Hammers:
1. The hammer needs no external source of energy, and the
maintenance is simple and fast.
2. The hammer is light in weight and is economical to operate.
3. It is convenient to operate in remote areas.
4. It operates well in cold weather, where it is difficult to provide
steam.
 Disadvantages of Diesel Hammers:
1. The hammer may not operate well when driving piles into soft
ground.
2. The number of strokes per minute is less than that for a steam
hammer.
3. The length of a diesel hammer is slightly greater than the
length of a steam hammer of comparable energy rating.

18. 2) Vibratory Pile Driver
 The driving unit of a vibratory hammer has two weight,
called ‘Exciters’. Which rotate in opposite directions.
 The horizontal components of the centrifugal force
generated by the exciters cancel each other but the
vertical components add.
 Thus the vertical force applied to the pile, and the pile
downward.
 Vibratory hammer is useful only for sandy and gravelly
soils.
 The method is used where vibrations and conventional
driving method can not permitted.

19. Vibratory hammer or Vibratory pile driver

20. 3) Water Jetting And Hammering
 When the pile is to penetrate a thin hard
layer of sand or gravel overlying a softer
soil layer the pile can be driven through
the hard layer by jetting technique.
 In this method pile connected jetting
pipe.
 Dia of jetting pipe – 5 to 8 cm
 At pile bottom – 20 to 40 lit – 7 to 17.5
kg/cm pressure
 Last 1 to 2 m depth use only hammer
driving.

21. 4) Partial Angering Method
 In this method a power
auger is used to drill the
hole for a part of the
depth.
 The pile is then inserted
in the hole and driven
with hammers to the
required depth.
 Used : when pile depth
small & soft soil.
 When pile depth large &
hard soil used rotri
drilling.