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Recent advances in OCT
AJAY DUDANI
MUMBAI RETINA CENTRE
1
Zeiss Cirrus SD OCT
CIRRUS HD-OCT Model 5000/500
Retina
Optic Nerve Head
SLD
XY
Scanner
Detector
Processing
&
Analysis
Display
&
Report
generation
Ophthalmic
Lens
Ref Mirror
Basic Technology
Page 4
B-SCAN
Longitudinal
Scanning
(x-z plane)
C-SCAN
Transversal
scanning
(x-y plane)
A-SCAN
Line scan
Basic Technology
Cirrus HD-OCT
Scan Acquisition
5. Overlay of
fundus image
from previous
scan assures
reproducibility
2. Iris Viewer provides
clear visualization of
the pupil for simple
Mouse Driven
Alignment™
1. Simple scan
choices
4. Simple click
focus
6. One-click image capture
3. Simple click
chinrest
adjustment
OS
IS/OS
ELM RPE
IS
NFL: Nerve Fiber Layer OPL: Outer Plexiform Layer IS/OS: Junction of inner and outer
ILM: Inner Limiting Membrane ONL: Outer Nuclear Layer photoreceptor segments
GCL: Ganglion Cell Layer ELM: External limiting membrane OS: Photoreceptor Outer Segment
IPL: Inner Plexiform Layer IS: Photoreceptor Inner Segment RPE: Retinal Pigment Epithelium
INL: Inner Nuclear Layer
ILM GCL
NFL
Choroid
IPL INL OPL ONL
Healthy Retinaa
One scan for multiple analysis
Macular cube 512 x128
Just 4 simple scan
Protocols
Complete analysis
Fundus + Overlay (1)
•Thickness (zonal) ( 2 )
•OCT Scans ( 3 )
•Precise registration
OCT images correlate
to fundus image ( 4 )
•ILM- RPE map ( 5 )
•ILM Map ( 6 )
•RPE Map ( 7 )
•Enface fundus image ( 8 )
•HD OCT images
-4096 Ascans
ILM overlay on fundus
Shows exact location of
Traction……
Facilitate surgical
approach
Advanced visualization
• Choose the thickness
you want to visualise
• view its C Scan
• Overlay on the fundus
• Pin point pathology
• Of course there is 3D too
RNFL Analysis
Cirrus SD OCT
9
RNFL thickness along the calculation
circle is displayed in graphic format
(TSNIT) and compared to age-matched
normative data
RNFL DEVIATION MAP, overlaid on the
OCT fundus image, illustrates
precisely where RNFL thickness
deviates from the normal range. Data
points that are not within normal limits
are indicated in red and yellow.
RNFL thickness and comparison to
normative data is shown in circle,
quadrants and clock hour display
RNFL THICKNESS MAP shows the
patterns and thickness of the nerve
fiber layer within the full 6mm x 6mm
area
Optic Nerve Head and RNFL OU Analysis
2/11/2010 10
Ganglion Cell Analysis
PanoMap Analysis
Wide-field structural damage assessment for glaucoma
• Integrated wide-field
assessment of posterior
pole with high-density scans
• RNFL, ONH, GCA, and
Macular Thickness analyses
all in one report
• Backward compatible with
your existing CIRRUS scan
data
New En Face Analysis
Four clinical views reveal what lies beneath the surface
IS/OS-Ellipsoid: Follows the RPE contour, centered
at IS/OS. Useful for assessing photoreceptor
disruption.
Vitreoretinal Interface (VRI): Highlights VRI
disorders, such as epiretinal membranes (ERM) and
vitreomacular traction (VMT)
Choroid: Designed to visualize choroidal
vasculature and to visualize RPE/sub-RPE structural
anomalies
Mid-Retina: Designed to highlight fluid and
exudates in the middle third of the retina (Inner
Nuclear Layer to Outer Nuclear Layer)
14
Cirrus SD OCT Clinical Cases ERM Traction
Classical OCT Fundus enface image doesn’t emphasize the pathology
15
VRI Enface View with LSO fundus overlay
VRI enface projection emphasizes the pathology with clinically useful
information with dark areas indicating areas of ERM detachment
Clinical Cases ERM Traction
16
Mid-Retina Enface View
Mid-retina slab shows the cystic spaces in the macula arranged in the classical
“flower petal” structure. Appearance of these petaloid hyperfluorescent spaces is
the hallmark of CME on fluorescein angiography.
Clinical Cases Cystoid Macular Edema
17
IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface View
IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface Slab: Hydroxychloroquine toxicity example
with classic bull’s eye maculopathy
Clinical Cases Bull’s Eye Maculopathy
18
CT Clinical Cases Bull’s Eye Maculopathy
IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface View
IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface Slab: Hydroxychloroquine toxicity example
with classic bull’s eye maculopathy
19
• Deliver targeted visualizations with more brilliant HD scans
• Automatically find the fovea using new Smart HD Scan workflow
• Customizable and available with Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI)
HD Radial
360 perspective
with fovea as
reference point
HD 1 Line 100x
See all the details
with 100 frame
averaging
HD 21 Line See
more of the
retina for wet
AMD therapy
monitoring
HD Cross
Integrated
horizontal and
vertical b-scans
Smart HD Scans Provide Targeted Visualization
and Improve Workflow
20
OCT Angiography
New non-invasive
microvasculature imaging
technology
AngioPlex™ OCT Angiography allows visualization of
both perfused vasculature and vascular abnormalities
of the retina without the need of contrast.
21
OCT Angiography
AngioPlex ™ Technology AngioPlex Maps
AngioPlex ™ Technology detects
motion of scattering particles such
as red-blood cells within sequential
OCT B-scans performed repeatedly
at the same location of the retina.
AngioPlex ™ Maps consist of
reconstruction of the perfused
microvasculature within the retina
and choroid.
22
OCT Angiography
AngioPlex™ Map consists of a 2D representation of retinal the
vasculature of a particular region of interest.
Visualization of
blood flow in
superficial
retina.
Superficial Retina Map Deep Retina Map Avascular Retina Map
Visualization of
blood flow in
deep retina.
Avascular region of the
retina in healthy eyes.
Allows for detection of
abnormal vascular
growth.
23
OCT Angiography
The color depth map combines superficial, deep and avascular retina
maps and allows for depth visualization of retinal blood flow
Color Depth Retina Map
Superficial Retina Map Deep Retina Map Avascular Retina Map
24
OCT Angiography
AngioPlex™ can potentially be used to detect vascular structures,
such as:
Areas of CNV in AMD
Neovascularization in Mactel
Micro-aneurysms and ischemia in DR
Occlusions and abnormalities in CRVO
and BRVO cases
Abnormalities of optic nerve
vasculature
25
CIRRUS OCT Angiography
OMAGC Optical Micro-Angiography
• OMAGC is an imaging technique which uses the
complete complex OCT data signal including both
amplitude and phase
26
OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
Courtesy of Dr. Scott Lee, East Bay Retina, Oakland, CA
Color depth encoded
AngioPlex image
Superficial Retinal Layer
AngioPlex image
Deep Retinal Layer
AngioPlex image
Color depth encoded AngioPlex image
Overlaid onto traditional FA
Diabetic Retinopathy
27
BRVO
Courtesy of Dr. Scott Lee, East Bay Retina, Oakland, CA
Color depth
encoded AngioPlex
image
Superficial
Retinal Layer
AngioPlex
image
Deep Retinal Layer
AngioPlex image
Color depth encoded AngioPlex image
Overlaid onto traditional FA
B-scan showing
blood flow
OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
28
Color depth encoded AngioPlex image
Overlaid onto traditional FA
Custom AngioPlex
Map Overlaid onto FA.
This layer illustrates
The presence of CNV.
B-scan with dashed
purple lines delineating
the layer
selected to create the
custom
AngioPlex map.
AMD
OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
29
OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
Wet AMD with CNV
OCT Angiography
Superficial Retina
OCT Enface
Superficial Retina
Angioplex map CNV Lesion
30
OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
Mactel Type 2
Angioplex map highlight regions of abnormal vasculature within Retina
Superficial Retina Deep Retina Avascular Retina Retina
Superficial Retina Deep Retina Avascular Retina Retina
31
OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
DR with NVE
Angioplex map highlight regions of abnormal vasculature in vitreous
Swept Source OCT
Zeiss has brought in Swept Source Technology in Optical Biometry.
The IOLMasterÂŽ 700 from ZEISS provides a full-length OCT image showing anatomical
details on a longitudinal cut through the entire eye. Thus unusual eye geometries,
such as a tilt or decentration of the crystalline lens, can be detected.
Visualization of Foveal pit
allows for Fixation check
Anterior Segment Imaging
Cirrus SD OCT
• Comprehensive anterior segment imaging with
new magnetic external lenses
• Quick switching to anterior segment scanning
• First-in-class full anterior chamber imaging
from a retinal OCT
Anterior Segment Imaging
• Improved assessment for angle closure glaucoma
• Versatile suite of scans with corneal and refractive applications
• Opens up new market applications, such as fitting scleral CL’s
Anterior Segment Imaging
Visualizes Critical Angle Structures
Scleral Spur
Schlemm’s canal
Schwalbe’s line
• The scleral spur, Schlemm’s canal, and Schwalbe's line can clearly be identified
Anterior Segment Imaging
Dual angle assessment for angle closure glaucoma
Anterior Segment Imaging
The first full anterior chamber view from a retinal OCT
Anterior Chamber Depth and Lens Vault manual measurements for anterior
chamber evaluation and angle closure glaucoma risk assessment
Anterior Chamber
Depth (ACD)
Lens Vault
Angle to Angle
(ATA) Distance
Corneal Thickness
Anterior Segment Imaging
Assess the Cornea in Detail
• High-definition view for
documentation and assessment
of corneal pathology
• Easily visualize all major corneal
layers
Tear film
Epithelium
Bowman’s membrane
Stroma
Endothelium
Anterior Segment Imaging
HD Cornea Scan
• Stromal Distance Tool to assess residual stromal bed
thickness for LASIK enhancement decision
• Caliper Tool for measuring structures such as corneal
flap thickness
Anterior Segment Imaging
Pachymetry Map Highlights Corneal Thinning due to Keratoconus
Clinical Cases
CSR Macular Cube Each line
has 512 A scans
CSR Five Line Raster.
Each line has 1024 A Scans.
Clinical Cases
CRVO 5 Line Raster
Clinical Cases
CNVM Macular cube CNVM 5 Line Raster
Clinical Cases
Angle closure. Anterior Segment Five Line Raster
MEDLEY OF CASES
AJAY DUDANI
MUMBAI RETINA CENTRE
Patient Name: Maria
Diagnosis : DM Uncontrolled , 6/60 OU
AUG 11 -SEVERE NPDR WITH CSME
Therapy :
1.BE- Laser + Avastin
2.BE Ozurdex AS MAINTENENCE
3. Pred Forte + Nevanac
12MONTHS LATER
4. Cataract surgery with Ozurdex INJECTION
PREOP AVASTIN WITH LASER
5 FINAL VISION 6/12 N8
ONE YEAR LATER
Patient Name: Manohar
Diagnosis : 1 Eyed
DM + HT WELL CONTROLLED
BLOOD AND THUNDER CRVO WITH CME
6/60 N36 -FEB 2011
Therapy :
1. Laser DONE BEFORE FOR NPDR
2. Two Macugen (H/O MI ) + 1 OZURDEX
3. 3 Lucentis
4. Nevanac Only (as Steroid Responder)
5 POAG ON XALATAN +2 DRUGS
10 MONTHS LATER
5 MORE LUCENTIS INJECTIONS PRN
CARARACT UNDER LUCENTIS COVER
VISION 6/18 N18
BILATERAL CME
• 15 YR GIRL
• 6/12 AND 6/18 OD AND OS
• FLUCTUATING
• USING RETINO A CREAM FOR PIMPLES
• NEVANAC AND PREDFORTE
DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
• 65 YR MALE
• DM 25 YRS
• PRP AND MULTIPLE AVASTINS
• LE PERSISTANT MACULAR CYST
• WHAT TO INJECT
CSCR
• 2 CASES OF NON RESPONDERS CSCR
• TYPE A
• ANXIOLYTICS
• ?? PDT
35 year old male
Sudden loss of vision in right eye
Oct updateS -AJAY DUDANI
Oct updateS -AJAY DUDANI
Oct updateS -AJAY DUDANI

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Oct updateS -AJAY DUDANI

  • 1. Recent advances in OCT AJAY DUDANI MUMBAI RETINA CENTRE 1
  • 2. Zeiss Cirrus SD OCT CIRRUS HD-OCT Model 5000/500
  • 5. Cirrus HD-OCT Scan Acquisition 5. Overlay of fundus image from previous scan assures reproducibility 2. Iris Viewer provides clear visualization of the pupil for simple Mouse Driven Alignment™ 1. Simple scan choices 4. Simple click focus 6. One-click image capture 3. Simple click chinrest adjustment
  • 6. OS IS/OS ELM RPE IS NFL: Nerve Fiber Layer OPL: Outer Plexiform Layer IS/OS: Junction of inner and outer ILM: Inner Limiting Membrane ONL: Outer Nuclear Layer photoreceptor segments GCL: Ganglion Cell Layer ELM: External limiting membrane OS: Photoreceptor Outer Segment IPL: Inner Plexiform Layer IS: Photoreceptor Inner Segment RPE: Retinal Pigment Epithelium INL: Inner Nuclear Layer ILM GCL NFL Choroid IPL INL OPL ONL Healthy Retinaa
  • 7. One scan for multiple analysis Macular cube 512 x128 Just 4 simple scan Protocols Complete analysis Fundus + Overlay (1) •Thickness (zonal) ( 2 ) •OCT Scans ( 3 ) •Precise registration OCT images correlate to fundus image ( 4 ) •ILM- RPE map ( 5 ) •ILM Map ( 6 ) •RPE Map ( 7 ) •Enface fundus image ( 8 ) •HD OCT images -4096 Ascans
  • 8. ILM overlay on fundus Shows exact location of Traction…… Facilitate surgical approach Advanced visualization • Choose the thickness you want to visualise • view its C Scan • Overlay on the fundus • Pin point pathology • Of course there is 3D too
  • 9. RNFL Analysis Cirrus SD OCT 9 RNFL thickness along the calculation circle is displayed in graphic format (TSNIT) and compared to age-matched normative data RNFL DEVIATION MAP, overlaid on the OCT fundus image, illustrates precisely where RNFL thickness deviates from the normal range. Data points that are not within normal limits are indicated in red and yellow. RNFL thickness and comparison to normative data is shown in circle, quadrants and clock hour display RNFL THICKNESS MAP shows the patterns and thickness of the nerve fiber layer within the full 6mm x 6mm area
  • 10. Optic Nerve Head and RNFL OU Analysis 2/11/2010 10
  • 12. PanoMap Analysis Wide-field structural damage assessment for glaucoma • Integrated wide-field assessment of posterior pole with high-density scans • RNFL, ONH, GCA, and Macular Thickness analyses all in one report • Backward compatible with your existing CIRRUS scan data
  • 13. New En Face Analysis Four clinical views reveal what lies beneath the surface IS/OS-Ellipsoid: Follows the RPE contour, centered at IS/OS. Useful for assessing photoreceptor disruption. Vitreoretinal Interface (VRI): Highlights VRI disorders, such as epiretinal membranes (ERM) and vitreomacular traction (VMT) Choroid: Designed to visualize choroidal vasculature and to visualize RPE/sub-RPE structural anomalies Mid-Retina: Designed to highlight fluid and exudates in the middle third of the retina (Inner Nuclear Layer to Outer Nuclear Layer)
  • 14. 14 Cirrus SD OCT Clinical Cases ERM Traction Classical OCT Fundus enface image doesn’t emphasize the pathology
  • 15. 15 VRI Enface View with LSO fundus overlay VRI enface projection emphasizes the pathology with clinically useful information with dark areas indicating areas of ERM detachment Clinical Cases ERM Traction
  • 16. 16 Mid-Retina Enface View Mid-retina slab shows the cystic spaces in the macula arranged in the classical “flower petal” structure. Appearance of these petaloid hyperfluorescent spaces is the hallmark of CME on fluorescein angiography. Clinical Cases Cystoid Macular Edema
  • 17. 17 IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface View IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface Slab: Hydroxychloroquine toxicity example with classic bull’s eye maculopathy Clinical Cases Bull’s Eye Maculopathy
  • 18. 18 CT Clinical Cases Bull’s Eye Maculopathy IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface View IS/OS-Ellipsoid Enface Slab: Hydroxychloroquine toxicity example with classic bull’s eye maculopathy
  • 19. 19 • Deliver targeted visualizations with more brilliant HD scans • Automatically find the fovea using new Smart HD Scan workflow • Customizable and available with Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI) HD Radial 360 perspective with fovea as reference point HD 1 Line 100x See all the details with 100 frame averaging HD 21 Line See more of the retina for wet AMD therapy monitoring HD Cross Integrated horizontal and vertical b-scans Smart HD Scans Provide Targeted Visualization and Improve Workflow
  • 20. 20 OCT Angiography New non-invasive microvasculature imaging technology AngioPlex™ OCT Angiography allows visualization of both perfused vasculature and vascular abnormalities of the retina without the need of contrast.
  • 21. 21 OCT Angiography AngioPlex ™ Technology AngioPlex Maps AngioPlex ™ Technology detects motion of scattering particles such as red-blood cells within sequential OCT B-scans performed repeatedly at the same location of the retina. AngioPlex ™ Maps consist of reconstruction of the perfused microvasculature within the retina and choroid.
  • 22. 22 OCT Angiography AngioPlex™ Map consists of a 2D representation of retinal the vasculature of a particular region of interest. Visualization of blood flow in superficial retina. Superficial Retina Map Deep Retina Map Avascular Retina Map Visualization of blood flow in deep retina. Avascular region of the retina in healthy eyes. Allows for detection of abnormal vascular growth.
  • 23. 23 OCT Angiography The color depth map combines superficial, deep and avascular retina maps and allows for depth visualization of retinal blood flow Color Depth Retina Map Superficial Retina Map Deep Retina Map Avascular Retina Map
  • 24. 24 OCT Angiography AngioPlex™ can potentially be used to detect vascular structures, such as: Areas of CNV in AMD Neovascularization in Mactel Micro-aneurysms and ischemia in DR Occlusions and abnormalities in CRVO and BRVO cases Abnormalities of optic nerve vasculature
  • 25. 25 CIRRUS OCT Angiography OMAGC Optical Micro-Angiography • OMAGC is an imaging technique which uses the complete complex OCT data signal including both amplitude and phase
  • 26. 26 OCT Angiography Clinical Cases Courtesy of Dr. Scott Lee, East Bay Retina, Oakland, CA Color depth encoded AngioPlex image Superficial Retinal Layer AngioPlex image Deep Retinal Layer AngioPlex image Color depth encoded AngioPlex image Overlaid onto traditional FA Diabetic Retinopathy
  • 27. 27 BRVO Courtesy of Dr. Scott Lee, East Bay Retina, Oakland, CA Color depth encoded AngioPlex image Superficial Retinal Layer AngioPlex image Deep Retinal Layer AngioPlex image Color depth encoded AngioPlex image Overlaid onto traditional FA B-scan showing blood flow OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
  • 28. 28 Color depth encoded AngioPlex image Overlaid onto traditional FA Custom AngioPlex Map Overlaid onto FA. This layer illustrates The presence of CNV. B-scan with dashed purple lines delineating the layer selected to create the custom AngioPlex map. AMD OCT Angiography Clinical Cases
  • 29. 29 OCT Angiography Clinical Cases Wet AMD with CNV OCT Angiography Superficial Retina OCT Enface Superficial Retina Angioplex map CNV Lesion
  • 30. 30 OCT Angiography Clinical Cases Mactel Type 2 Angioplex map highlight regions of abnormal vasculature within Retina Superficial Retina Deep Retina Avascular Retina Retina Superficial Retina Deep Retina Avascular Retina Retina
  • 31. 31 OCT Angiography Clinical Cases DR with NVE Angioplex map highlight regions of abnormal vasculature in vitreous
  • 32. Swept Source OCT Zeiss has brought in Swept Source Technology in Optical Biometry. The IOLMasterÂŽ 700 from ZEISS provides a full-length OCT image showing anatomical details on a longitudinal cut through the entire eye. Thus unusual eye geometries, such as a tilt or decentration of the crystalline lens, can be detected. Visualization of Foveal pit allows for Fixation check
  • 33. Anterior Segment Imaging Cirrus SD OCT • Comprehensive anterior segment imaging with new magnetic external lenses • Quick switching to anterior segment scanning • First-in-class full anterior chamber imaging from a retinal OCT
  • 34. Anterior Segment Imaging • Improved assessment for angle closure glaucoma • Versatile suite of scans with corneal and refractive applications • Opens up new market applications, such as fitting scleral CL’s
  • 35. Anterior Segment Imaging Visualizes Critical Angle Structures Scleral Spur Schlemm’s canal Schwalbe’s line • The scleral spur, Schlemm’s canal, and Schwalbe's line can clearly be identified
  • 36. Anterior Segment Imaging Dual angle assessment for angle closure glaucoma
  • 37. Anterior Segment Imaging The first full anterior chamber view from a retinal OCT Anterior Chamber Depth and Lens Vault manual measurements for anterior chamber evaluation and angle closure glaucoma risk assessment Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) Lens Vault Angle to Angle (ATA) Distance Corneal Thickness
  • 38. Anterior Segment Imaging Assess the Cornea in Detail • High-definition view for documentation and assessment of corneal pathology • Easily visualize all major corneal layers Tear film Epithelium Bowman’s membrane Stroma Endothelium
  • 39. Anterior Segment Imaging HD Cornea Scan • Stromal Distance Tool to assess residual stromal bed thickness for LASIK enhancement decision • Caliper Tool for measuring structures such as corneal flap thickness
  • 40. Anterior Segment Imaging Pachymetry Map Highlights Corneal Thinning due to Keratoconus
  • 41. Clinical Cases CSR Macular Cube Each line has 512 A scans CSR Five Line Raster. Each line has 1024 A Scans.
  • 42. Clinical Cases CRVO 5 Line Raster
  • 43. Clinical Cases CNVM Macular cube CNVM 5 Line Raster
  • 44. Clinical Cases Angle closure. Anterior Segment Five Line Raster
  • 45. MEDLEY OF CASES AJAY DUDANI MUMBAI RETINA CENTRE
  • 46. Patient Name: Maria Diagnosis : DM Uncontrolled , 6/60 OU AUG 11 -SEVERE NPDR WITH CSME Therapy : 1.BE- Laser + Avastin 2.BE Ozurdex AS MAINTENENCE 3. Pred Forte + Nevanac 12MONTHS LATER 4. Cataract surgery with Ozurdex INJECTION PREOP AVASTIN WITH LASER 5 FINAL VISION 6/12 N8
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  • 56. Patient Name: Manohar Diagnosis : 1 Eyed DM + HT WELL CONTROLLED BLOOD AND THUNDER CRVO WITH CME 6/60 N36 -FEB 2011 Therapy : 1. Laser DONE BEFORE FOR NPDR 2. Two Macugen (H/O MI ) + 1 OZURDEX 3. 3 Lucentis 4. Nevanac Only (as Steroid Responder) 5 POAG ON XALATAN +2 DRUGS
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  • 66. 10 MONTHS LATER 5 MORE LUCENTIS INJECTIONS PRN CARARACT UNDER LUCENTIS COVER VISION 6/18 N18
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  • 73. BILATERAL CME • 15 YR GIRL • 6/12 AND 6/18 OD AND OS • FLUCTUATING • USING RETINO A CREAM FOR PIMPLES • NEVANAC AND PREDFORTE
  • 74.
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  • 78. DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA • 65 YR MALE • DM 25 YRS • PRP AND MULTIPLE AVASTINS • LE PERSISTANT MACULAR CYST • WHAT TO INJECT
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  • 86. CSCR • 2 CASES OF NON RESPONDERS CSCR • TYPE A • ANXIOLYTICS • ?? PDT
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  • 91. 35 year old male Sudden loss of vision in right eye