1. العالج الوظيفي المجتمعي
: مفاهيم اساسية
COMMUNITY
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY:
BASIC CONCEPTS
DR. AHMED-REFAT
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 1
2. Basic Terms and Concepts
Health
Community
Community Health
Community-based rehabilitation
Community –based services
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 2
3. Basic Terms and Concepts-cont.,
Health – extent to which an individual or
group is able to realize aspirations &
satisfy needs & to change or cope with the
environment;
positive concept emphasizing social &
personal resources, & physical capacities
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4. Basic Terms and Concepts-cont.,
Community –
a collective of people identified by
common values & mutual concern for the
development & well-being of their group
or geographical area”
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 4
5. Basic Terms and Concepts-cont.,
Community Health –
both private & public efforts of individuals,
groups & organizations to promote,
protect & preserve the physical, mental,
social, & spiritual health of those in a
community .
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6. Occupation
Activities in which people are engaged
to support their roles.
Engagement in activities, tasks and
roles for the purpose of productive
pursuit;
maintaining oneself in the
environment; and for purposes of
relaxation, entertainment, creativity
and celebration;
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7. Occupational Therapists are
concerned with:
Person,
Environment ,
Occupation
Interactions
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8. Occupation
OP
Person Environment
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9. Person’s with disabilities typically
require some intervention in the :
Person/Environment Fit
Limitations in Activities of Daily Living
CHANGE CHANGE
OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE
OF MEANINGFUL ACTIVITIES
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10. HUMANS AS OCCUPATIONAL BEINGS – PEOP MODEL
(Christiansen, C. H. & Baum, C. M. (2005), Occupational Therapy; Performance, participation and well-being. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, Inc.)
Physiological Social Support
Social & Economic
Cognitive Systems
OCCUPATION
PERSON Occupational ENVIRONMENT
(Intrinsic Factors) Performance &
Participation
(Extrinsic Factors)
Spiritual Culture & Values
PERFORMANCE
Neurobehavioral Built Environments &
Technology
Psychological
Natural Environments
WELL BEING QUALITY OF LIFE
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12. Community Based Service
Community Based Service – more
comprehensive than rehabilitation;
includes a broad range of health-related
services such as prevention & health
promotion; acute & chronic medical care;
habilitation & rehabilitation;
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13. Community Based Service-cont
Community Based Service –
direct & indirect service provision; an
orientation to collective health needs in
homes, workplaces, & community
agencies; goal is for client & practitioner to
become integral parts of the community
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14. Community Based Rehabilitation
A strategy that equalizes
opportunities
&
social integration of
all people with disabilities
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15. Community Coalitions
Partnerships & coalitions bring together
members of various organizations &
constituencies in the community to work
together for a common purpose
Healthcare organizations
Government agencies
Neighborhood alliances
Education related groups & organizations
Advocacy groups
Business organizations
Retail outlets
Local media
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16. The Community Occupational
Therapy Service
The Community Occupational Therapy
Service provides help for people of all ages
who experience difficulty coping with
everyday activities due to disability, illness
and/or the ageing process.
The aim of Occupational Therapy is to
provide a comprehensive service to enable
people to remain as independent as possible
within the community
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17. OT & Community Level Interventions
View the community as the client
Assess the following variables
Demographic info about community
Risk factors & health behaviors
Health knowledge, attitudes & beliefs
Cultural habits, preferences & sensitivities
Environmental barriers
Availability of social support & health related services
Effective motivators for change
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18. Attributes & Skills of
Community Practitioners
Professional autonomy
Flexibility & tolerance for ambiguity - Positive attitude &
hopeful
Collaboration & excellent interpersonal communication
Strong organizational skills & problem solving skills
Ability to network
Program planning & evaluation skills - Visionary
Good public relations skills & awareness
Comfort with indirect service provision
Grant-writing skills
Culturally competent - Respectful & non-judgmental
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20. Nature of the Work
Occupational therapists (OT’s)
help people improve their ability to perform tasks in
their daily living and working environments.
work with individuals who have conditions that are
mentally, physically, developmentally, or
emotionally disabling.
help people develop, recover, or maintain daily
living and work skills.
help clients improve basic motor functions and
reasoning abilities and compensate for permanent
loss of function.
Ultimate goal is to help clients have independent,
productive, and satisfying lives.
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21. Client Populations
Across the life-span – all ages
Most medical specialty populations e.g..
cardiac, pulmonary, orthopedic,
rheumatology, ophthalmology, optometry,
pediatrics, geriatrics, mental health,
ophthalmology, hand and upper extremity,
community support grouping of client
populations.
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22. OT
Occupational therapists focus on assisting
people to engage in daily life activities that
they find meaningful and purposeful.
Occupational therapists understand
occupations and use of occupation to affect
human performance and improve the effects
of disease and disability.
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23. The overall goal of OT
The overall goal of occupational therapy in
community health is to help people develop
the skills and obtain the supports necessary
for independent, interdependent, productive
living. Particular emphasis is given to
interventions that result in improved quality
of life and decrease hospitalization.
Occupational therapists and occupational
therapy assistants provide purposeful,
goal-oriented activities
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24. Activities of O Therapist
teach and facilitate skills in:
assertiveness;
cognition (e.g., problem solving);
independent living including using community resources, home
management, time management, management of medication, and
safety in the home and community;
avocational interest and pursuits:
self-awareness;
interpersonal and social skills;
stress management;
activities of daily living (e.g.; hygiene);
role development (e.g., parenting);
self-sufficiency and interdependency; and
wellness.
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25. Occupational Therapy Services
adapting the environment at home, work, and school to
promote an individual's optimal functioning
providing education programs, experiential learning, and
treatment groups or classes;
consulting with employers responding to requirements of
local laws and regulations ;
functional evaluation and ongoing monitoring of clients for
placement in jobs and housing;
providing assistance or guidance with client-run support
groups;
goal setting and rehabilitation plan development with
client; and
providing guidance and consultation to persons in all
employment settings, including supportive employment.
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26. Roles of O. Therapists
Occupational therapists working in the area of community
mental health are provide consultation to:
adult day care centers,
day treatment centers,
home health agencies,
community rehabilitation programs,
community mental health clinics,
clubhouse programs,
outpatient psychiatric clinics,
foster care residents,
sheltered workshops,
group and private homes,
community support programs
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27. Roles of O. Therapists-
Occupational courts,
therapists receive school guidance
referrals from: counselors,
teachers,
case managers, foster care providers,
psychiatrists, family physicians,
social workers, vocational counselors,
and
psychologist,
other health
nurses, professionals.
clients themselves,
family,
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28. The Community Occupational
Therapy Clinic
The Community Occupational Therapy Clinic
provides quality assessment, direct service
and consultation for children and adults.
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29. Areas of O.T
The therapists work collaboratively with
clients and their families within the clinic and
community-based settings for those with:
Developmental disorders
Learning disabilities
Behavior disturbances
Physical challenges
Neurological conditions
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30. The Community OT Clinic
The clinic was developed to meet the following goals:
Provide quality, specialized OT evaluation and treatment
intervention to clients
Provide in-service training to pre-schools, schools, parent
support programs, and agencies in the community
Provide expert consultation, training and resources to
community occupational therapists, other professionals
and families
Provide observational opportunities and resources for
individuals seeking a career in OT
Provide fieldwork placements for OT interns
Provide research opportunities for students and faculty
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31. The Community OT Clinic
The Community Occupational Therapy
Clinic is a model clinic providing holistic
therapeutic interventions enhancing:
Sensory integration
Developmental approach
Behavioral approach
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32. Community OT Services
Community Occupational Therapy
Services
are divided into
five primary categories:
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33. Community OT Services
1- Treatment
(designed to improve skills in self-care and
productivity and to promote independence)
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34. Community OT Services
2- Assistive Technology
(includes assessment for equipment needs
including mobility aids/wheelchairs and
assessments to determine the need for
vehicle and home modifications).
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35. Community OT Services
3- Maintenance
(assessment of worker's need for ongoing
support; if required,)
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