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Basic Statistical Concepts and Methods

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Ahmed-Refat Refat
Ahmed-Refat Refat

Statistics is the science of dealing with numbers.  It is used for collection, summarization, presentation and analysis of data. Statistics provides a way of organizing data to get information on a wider and more formal (objective) basis than relying on personal experience (subjective).

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Basic Statistical Concepts and Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]
Definition of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uses of medical statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
    1- Quantitative data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2- Qualitative data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Presentation Of Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tabulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Frequency Distribution tables
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object]
How to Construct a Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to Construct a Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables What is Your Conclusion?
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables ,[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables construction of classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Distribution tables construction of classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
2-Graphical Presentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2-Graphical Presentation ,[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart- Simple
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart ,[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart-Multiple ,[object Object],Cancer Anemia Males Females
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart ,[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart ,[object Object],[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 1- Bar chart- Component
Graphical Presentation 2-Pie diagram: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 2-Pie diagram:
Graphical Presentation 3- Histogram: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 3- Histogram:
Graphical Presentation 4 -Frequency Polygon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 5 - Scatter diagram ,[object Object]
This scatter diagram showed a positive or direct relationship between NAG and albumin/creatinine among diabetic patients
[object Object]
Graphical Presentation 6- Line graph: it is diagram showing the relationship between two numeric variables (as the scatter) but the points are joined together to form a line (either broken line or smooth curve)
Normal Distribution Curve
Normal Distribution curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Characteristics of Normal Distribution curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Areas under the normal curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Skewed data ,[object Object],[object Object]
Causes of Skewed Curve Not Normally Distributed Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data Summarization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measures of central tendency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1- The arithmetic mean: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1- The arithmetic mean:
Calculation of Mean For frequency Distribution Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculation of Mean For frequency Distribution Data
[object Object],[object Object],Calculation of Mean For frequency Distribution Data with class intervals
 
 
2- Median ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2- Median
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2- Median
[object Object],2- Median
[object Object],[object Object],3- Mode
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3- Mode
Advantages and disadvantages of the measures of central Tendency: ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Advantages and disadvantages of the measures of central Tendency:
Measures of Dispersion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
   1- Range: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],   2- Variance
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],   2- Variance
[object Object],[object Object],   2- Variance
3- Standard Deviation SD ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4- Coefficient of variation CoV
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example
[object Object],[object Object],Examples
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples
Inferential statistics ,[object Object]
Inferential statistics Hypothesis Testing ,[object Object]
Hypothesis Testing ,[object Object],[object Object]
Hypothesis Testing ,[object Object],[object Object]
Hypothesis Testing –Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Null and alternative hypotheses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Null and alternative hypotheses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General principles of significance tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General principles of significance tests ,[object Object],[object Object]
General principles of significance tests P<0.05 ,[object Object]
Tests of significance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tests of significance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tests of significance ,[object Object]
Student’s t-test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],t-test
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],t-test
[object Object],[object Object],Paired t-test
[object Object],[object Object],ANOVA
[object Object],[object Object],ANOVA
[object Object],[object Object],ANOVA
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chi-Squared Test
[object Object],[object Object],Chi-Squared Test
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chi-Squared Test
 
[object Object],Chi-Squared Test
[object Object],[object Object],Z Test
[object Object],[object Object],Chi-Squared Test
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chi-Squared Test
[object Object],[object Object],Correlation & regression
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Correlation & regression
[object Object],[object Object],Correlation
[object Object],[object Object],Linear regression
[object Object],[object Object],Linear regression
 
[object Object],[object Object],Multiple regression
[object Object],[object Object]
What Type of Sample is? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Present the following data by a suitable table & graph ,[object Object]
Present the following data by a suitable table & graph ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 

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