Welcome to My Own course " Fundamentals of Transformers for Electrical Power Engineering" We will discuss the importance of Transformers and why it is considered as the Backbone of the Power System. In this course we will discuss the construction of the Transformer and its Main Components as  Iron Core which is responsible for the Magnetic Flux action. Magnetic Circuit which is Represented by the Iron Core. Windings of Transformer,Types,Categories and Construction. Insulating Material between the Windings and iron core + Transformer Oil and its Great importance. Conservator of Transformer which Contains Oil and its Function. Breather which is Used as Filter in Transformer. Bushings which is Important for Human Safety and Protection from instant Death. Tap Changer which is used to Control the voltage according to the Load Variations. Cooling Tubes for Transformer Oil Cooling and Heat dissipation. Buchholz Relay in Transformer for Gas Detection. Explosion Vents for Protection of Transformer in case of Internal Faults. you will learn about Different Methods of Cooling of Transformer and Their Corresponding Power Rating. you will learn about the Different Types of Transformers as Power and Distribution Transformers. you will understand the Difference between Single Phase Core and Shell Type Transformers. you will understand the Difference between Three Phase Core and Shell Type Transformers. you will understand the Comparison between the Shell Type and Core Type Transformers. you will see the Transformer in 3D and Real Life in a Video which make everything more Clear. you will understand the Theory of Operation of Transformer. you will be able to Differentiate between Ideal and Non Ideal Transformers and understand which one of them represents an Actual Real-life Transformer. you will realize the Effect of Loading on Transformer. you will Understand the Transformer Regulation and Efficiency. you will learn about Different Losses occurring in Transformer. you will Understand the Meaning of Transformer Rating. you will Understand the Voltage relation in Transformer. you will Differentiate between Approximate and Exact Equivalent Circuits of Transformer. you will Understand the Concept of Referring in Transformer. we will Take some Questions and solved example on Transformer. For any Question you can ask me Directly on Udemy. wish you a Happy Learning.

1. CONSTRUCTION OF
TRANSFORMERS

2. WHAT IS A TRANSFORMER?
• A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical
energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic
induction (also called transformer action). It is used to step up
or step down voltage levels.

3. COMPONENTS OF A TRANSFORMER
• Laminated core
• Windings
• Insulating materials
• Transformer oil
• Bushings
• Tap changer
• Conservator
• Breather
• Cooling tubes
• Buchholz Relay
• Explosion vent

4. CORE
• The core is used to support the windings in the transformer. It
also provides a low reluctance path to the flow of magnetic flux.
It is made of laminated soft iron core in order to reduce eddy
current loss and Hysteresis loss.
• The composition of a transformer core depends on such factors
as voltage, current, and frequency. The diameter of the

5. CORE
• If the diameter of the core is decreased, the weight of the steel
in the core is reduced, which leads to less core loss of the
transformer and the copper loss increase. When the diameter of
the core is increased, the opposite occurs.

6. WINDINGS
There are two windings wound over the transformer core that are
insulated from each other. Windings consists of several turns of copper
coils bundled together, and each bundle is connected in series to form a
winding.

7. EQUIPMENT ACCOMPANIED WITH OIL

8. CONSERVATOR
• The conservator conserves the transformer oil.
• It is an airtight, metallic, cylindrical drum that is fitted above
the transformer.
• The conservator tank is vented to the atmosphere at the top,
and the normal oil level is approximately in the middle of the
conservator to allow the oil to expand and contract as the
temperature varies.
• The conservator is connected to the main tank inside the
transformer, which is completely filled with transformer oil

9. BREATHER
The breather controls the moisture level in the
transformer.
Moisture can arise when temperature variations cause
expansion and contraction of the insulating oil, which
causes the pressure to change inside the conservator.
Pressure changes are balanced by a flow of atmospheric
air in and out of the conservator, which is how moisture
can enter the system.
If the insulating oil encounters moisture, it can affect the
paper insulation or may even lead to internal faults.
Therefore, it is necessary that the air entering the tank is
moisture-free.
The transformer's breather is filled with silica gel. When
the atmospheric air passes through the silica gel of the
breather, the air's moisture is absorbed by the silica
crystals. The breather acts like an air filter for the
transformer and controls the moisture level inside a
transformer.

10. BUSHINGS
• Bushing is an insulated device that allows an electrical conductor to pass
safely through an (usually) earthed conducting barrier wall of a transformer.
This Bushing is made up of Porcelain material with Capacitors placed around
the wire. So it has that shape.
• The wavy shape is to maximize surface path length and minimize surface
leakage, corona, and eventual arcing from exposure to year-round weather
conditions, dust, air pollution etc.
• if high voltage ACSR is connected directly inside the cable box of the
transformer. At terminal point the insulating material between body and
ACSR is only AIR(Low dielectric strength). The field generated by high
voltage ACSR will produce high electric stress and very soon, high voltage

11. TAP CHANGER

12. TAP CHANGER
• The output voltage may vary according to the input voltage and the
load. During loaded conditions, the voltage on the output terminal
decreases, whereas during off-load conditions the output voltage
increases. In order to balance the voltage variations, tap changers are
used.
• Tap changers can be either on-load tap changers or off-load tap
changers.
• In an on-load tap changer, the tapping can be changed without
isolating the transformer from the supply.
• In an off-load tap changer, it is done after disconnecting the
transformer. Automatic tap changers are also available.

13. COOLING TUBES
• Cooling tubes are used to cool the transformer oil.
• The transformer oil is circulated through the cooling
tubes. The circulation of the oil may either be natural
or forced.
• In natural circulation, when the temperature of the oil
rises the hot oil naturally rises to the top and the cold
oil sinks downward. Thus the oil naturally circulates
through the tubes.

14. BUCHHOLZ RELAY
it is a protective device container housed over the
connecting pipe from the main tank to the conservator
tank.
It is used to sense the faults occurring inside the
transformer.
It is a simple relay that operates by the gases emitted
due to the decomposition of transformer oil during
internal faults.
It helps in sensing and protecting the transformer from
internal faults.

15. FOR COMPLETE COURSE ABOUT
TRANSFORMERS
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