lecture for student

1. Chemical Hygiene & Laboratory Safety
By
Ahmed Ismail Sabry
Assistant lecturer, Pharmacognosy department, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Fayoum University
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2. Purpose
 Teaches the student/staff to protect themselves
 Reduces the number of accidents by promoting safe
laboratory practices
Persons who handle hazardous chemical or biological
Persons who handle hazardous chemical or biological
materials and/or waste must be trained.
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3. Hazards
I. Physical Hazards
 Fire / Burns
 Clutter
 Gas/Cylinders
II. Biological Hazards
• Blood
• Other Potentially Infectious
Materials (OPIM)
 Gas/Cylinders
 Sharps
 Equipment
Materials (OPIM)
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4. III. Chemical Hazards
• Flammables
• Reactive Chemicals
• Oxidizers
• Compressed gases
• Corrosives
• Incompatible Chemicals
• Carcinogens
(formaldehyde)
• Tetratogen
• Mutagen
• Toxins, Poisons
• Irritants
• Incompatible Chemicals
• Light sensitive chemicals
• Peroxide-forming
• Irritants
• Sensitizers
• ReproductiveToxins
• CNS toxins
• Agents organ damage
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5. Hazards Identification
 Inhalation: Respiratory tract (lungs) through inhalation
 Ingestion: Digestive tract through eating or smoking with
contaminated hands or in contaminated work areas
Absorption through the skin or eyes: Dermatitis or
 Absorption through the skin or eyes: Dermatitis or
damage to the liver, kidney, or other organ systems
 Injection: Percutaneous injection of a toxic substance
through the skin

6. Specific possible health hazards:
 Acute poisoning (rapid assimilation of substance,
i.e., carbon monoxide)
 Chronic poisoning (prolonged exposure, i.e., lead
poisoning)
poisoning)
 Cumulative poisons (numerous chronic exposures,
i.e., heavy metals)
 Substances in combination (synergistic effect, i.e.,
exposure to alcohol and chlorinated solvents)

7. Hazardous Chemical
Handling, Storage and Waste
 All chemicals, solutions and waste must be properly
labeled and stored securely.
 Do not store mixed hazards. Separate flammables,
corrosives, metals, . . . .
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8. Hazardous Material Labeling
 All of the chemicals which you use should be labeled.
 A proper label be legible and will state, at minimum,
 the name and concentration of the chemicals in the
solution,
 the date, (mm/dd/yyyy)
According to hazardous materials labeling
identification system
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9. 9

10. Color and Number Coded Label Systems
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Colors represent kind of hazard
• Red = fire
• Yellow = instability
= health
• black = specific hazard
NFPA-type labels
National Fire Protection Association
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4
• black = specific hazard
& personal protection
Numbers show degree of hazard
• 0 = Minimal
• 1 = Slight
• 2 = Moderate
• 3 = Serious
• 4 = Severe

11. Color and Number Coded
Label Systems
NFPA-type labels
National Fire Protection Association
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Black = specific hazard
• OX = Oxidizer
• ACID = Acid
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2
4
COR
• ALK = Alkali
• COR = Corrosive
• W = Use no water
• Other symbols:

12. Hazardous Material Transfer
Transfer of Solids:
 Wear Gloves and Goggles.
 Always handle bottles PALM to LABEL.
 Pour an amount from the labeled dispensing stock bottle
into a labeled beaker.
into a labeled beaker.
 Then transfer from the beaker the amount needed to
your receptacle.
 Do not pour the unused contents of your beaker solution
back in the dispensing bottle. Use a labeled recycle
bottle or waste bottle.
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13. Hazardous Material Transfer
Transfer of Liquids and Solutions:
 Wear Gloves and Goggles.
 Always pour a solution PALM to LABEL.
 Pour liquids/solutions from the labeled dispensing stock
bottle into a labeled beaker.
bottle into a labeled beaker.
 Then pour from the beaker to your graduated cylinder
or pipet the amount needed.
 Do not pour the unused contents of your beaker solution
back in the dispensing bottle. Use a labeled recycle
bottle or waste bottle.
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14. Handling CORROSIVES (Acids/Bases)
 Concentrated solutions of acids and bases must be used
in a Chemical Fume Hood. Note that these are not
HEPA filtered biological hoods, used to culture cells.
Never breath acid or base fumes.
 Acids and Bases should be washed off immediately with
 Acids and Bases should be washed off immediately with
water. Check for burns.
 Add Acid intoWater to disperse the heat when diluting.
 Store in Corrosive cabinets.
 Do not store with metals nor flammables.
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15. Handling Flammables
 Flammables should be used in a Chemical Fume Hood
with non-sparking hot plates and motors.
 No Smoking signs should be posted.
Note that the vapor of some organics may burn, such as
 Note that the vapor of some organics may burn, such as
ethanol. These should be extinguished with the proper
foam-based fire extinguisher. Do not disperse the vapor.
 Flammables must be stored in flammable cabinets,
 separate from corrosives and metals.
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16. Handling Explosives
 Explosives should be used in explosion proof rooms and
in the proper environment.
 Explosives must be stored under the proper
environment, in explosive retardant cabinets, in
environment, in explosive retardant cabinets, in
explosion proof rooms, separate from corrosives and
metals.
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17. Handling Irritants, Toxins, etc.
 Both the vapor and the solid/liquid material of these
chemicals should be avoided.
 Wear gloves and goggles, with breathing apparatus. Do not
breath it or touch your skin.
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When in doubt – ASK!!!

18. Signs of Chemical Exposure
 Headache
 MuscleAches
 Dizzy
 Burning in eyes, nose, throat
 Sick
 Get to ventilated area immediately. Seek medical attention.
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19. Hazardous chemical waste disposal
 Label all hazardous chemical waste bottles, with the
appropriate label prior to conducting the experiment.
 Disposal procedure and the label must follow the instructions
provided for Hazardous ChemicalWaste Disposal
 Dispose of Solids and Liquids Separately
 Containers should be compatible for waste material.
 Bottles should be sealed. DO NOT use aluminum foil,
parafilm nor corks to seal bottles or containers.
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21. Fires
 The fire alarm is a loud buzzer that will ring three times
intermittently. When the alarm rings you should follow the
fire drill pattern.
 First, please locate the fire exits from your lab.
Emergency Plan
 First, please locate the fire exits from your lab.
 The procedure for a fire:
 1) Don’t panic 2) Shut off gas
 3) Don’t panic and don’t run 4) Go to the fire exit
 6) Exit the building.
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22. UMES Laboratory Safety Rules and
Regulations
1- Safety Attire
2- Safety Lab Cleanliness
3- Safety Equipment
4- Safety First Aid
4- Safety First Aid
5- Safety SpecialTopics
6- Safety Assessment
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23. Safety Attire - Eyewear:
Goggles:
 All students are required to wear
goggles in the laboratory.
 The laboratory rule for using
goggles states:
 If ANYONE in the lab is working
 If ANYONE in the lab is working
with glassware and/or solutions,
including wash-up, EVERYONE in
the lab must wear goggles.
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24. Safety Attire - Eyewear:
Goggles:
 Goggles should have a lens and should include an above-eye
shield and a side shield.
 They should also be chemical resistant and impact safe.
 Full goggles should be used in any experiment where
hazardous, toxic, corrosive and/or flammable chemicals are
hazardous, toxic, corrosive and/or flammable chemicals are
used.
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25. Safety Attire - Bodywear
Gloves:
• Use a glove guide to determine the correct
glove and length for your application.
 Type of glove general rule:
 Organics require chemical resistant gloves
(Nitrile or Butyl Rubber).
 Concentrated acids or bases require
 Concentrated acids or bases require
acid/base resistant gloves (Nitrile or Butyl
Rubber).
 Aqueous solutions, such as weak acid base
solutions, are allowed to use the thinner
latex or nitrile exam gloves.
 Biochemical assays may also use the nitrile or
latex exam gloves.
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26. Safety Attire - Bodywear
Clothing:
 Appropriate clothing should also be worn.
 Acrylics, polyesters, nylons and other synthetics are not
appropriate for the laboratory as these melt and stick to skin
with strong chemicals and with heat.
Cotton lab clothing to protect skin
 Cotton lab clothing to protect skin
and clothing
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27. Safety Attire - Bodywear
Shoes:
 OpenToed Shoes are not allowed in the Chemical laboratory.
 High Heels are strongly discouraged in the laboratory.
.
Wrong Wrong Right
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28. Safety Attire - Personal Items
Bookbags:
 Bookbags and other personal items are not allowed on the
benchtop.
 The benchtop has residual chemicals and may be
contaminated from the previous lab.
contaminated from the previous lab.
 Please keep your areas clean and dry.
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29. Safety Attire - Personal Items
Food and Drink:
 NO FOOD OR DRINK, including candy and chewing gum
are allowed in the laboratory.
 If you must eat, please use the hallway.
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30. Safety Attire - Personal Items
Cell Phones,Text messaging andVideo/Audio Devices:
 Cell Phones,Text messaging andVideo/Audio Devices are
not allowed in the laboratory.
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31. 2- Safety - Lab Cleanliness
Balances:
 Demonstrator will check the balances at the end of
laboratory for spills so keep your area clean.
Glassware:
 All glassware should be washed and put away in
 All glassware should be washed and put away in
your desk drawer.
 Do not leave beakers of water out on the counter
or on the overhead.
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32. Safety - Lab Cleanliness
Countertops:
 TAs will check the lab counter tops at the end of laboratory
for spills and equipment so keep your area clean.
 The counter should be washed with soap and water at the
end of your lab period.
end of your lab period.
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33. Safety - Lab Cleanliness
check the lab at the end of laboratory for glassware, paper, pens,
equipment, candy/gum wrappers and trash so keep your area clean.
Broken Glassware Disposal:
 Broken glassware should be placed in the Broken Glassware Box.
 If contaminated glassware, post a hazard notice on the box.
 PaperTrash goes in theTrash Can.
 PaperTrash goes in theTrash Can.
 Locate theTrash Can.
It better to be like
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34. Safety - Lab Cleanliness
Hoods:
 There are two types of hoods, Chemical Fume or HEPA-filtered.
 Select the hood for the application.
 When using hazardous chemicals, use a Chemical Fume Hood.
 When using biologics which require a hood, use a HEPA
filtered hood.
When using biologics which require a hood, use a HEPA
filtered hood.
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35. Safety - Lab Cleanliness
Hoods:
 Hoods should be kept clean, free of chemicals and, when using
biologics, disinfected.
 Hoods should be properly inspected periodically for flow and
filter changes.
filter changes.
 Properly label solutions or waste containerYou should be
wearing goggles and gloves when working in the hood.
 Hoods are not to be used to store materials nor waste.
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36. Safety Equipment - Eyes
Eyewash Station
 The most used equipment is the eyewash station.
 Most used because students fail to wear goggles and splashes occur.
 Locate the eye wash station.
 The eyewash station should be purged during your laboratory to
ensure that the water is clean and bacteria free.
ensure that the water is clean and bacteria free.
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37. Safety Equipment - Body
Safety ShowerWhole Body Contamination:
 The lab should provide a safety
shower for washing off chemicals due
to full body spill.
 In the event of an emergency:
 In the event of an emergency:
 Pull the shower cord.
 While under water, remove clothing.
 Wash for 15 minutes.
 Seek Immediate MedicalAttention.
 Report incident.
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38. Safety Equipment – Fires
Fire Extinguisher
 In the event of a small fire, a fire extinguisher has been
provided in the lab.
 Do not use the fire extinguisher unless you are trained
personnel.
 Refresher: Select the appropriate extinguisher for the fire type.
Pull the pin and use short blasts to extinguish a fire.
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39. 4- Safety - First Aide
(Burns)
 Burns received in the laboratory are of
special concern as they may also be
contaminated and are especially prone
to infection.
 If you burn yourself, immediately submerge
the burn in clean cool water. This will
reduce the severity of the burn if performed
reduce the severity of the burn if performed
within 20 seconds of contacting heat source.
 If the burn appears blistered, whitish or
intense red color, please call the emergency
phone to receive immediate medical care.
 Care should be taken to not get the burn
infected nor burst the blister.
.
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40. 4-Safety - First Aide
(Cuts)
 Cuts received in the laboratory are of
special concern as they may be
contaminated and are prone to
infection.
 Wash minor cuts with soap and water.
Wash minor cuts with soap and water.
 Treat minor cuts with whatever first aide
you deem appropriate.
 Large cuts and/or heavily bleeding cuts
should be attended by emergency
personnel. Please call the emergency
phone to receive immediate medical care.
 Seek MedicalTreatment if the cut
becomes infected.
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41. 4- Safety - First Aide
(Kit)
These items, along with band-aids, are located in the medicine
cabinet located in the labs.
Each Department is responsible for filling/maintaining First
Aid Cabinets.
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42. Chemical Hygiene for students
 Keep hair, jewelry and clothing away from work area.
 Wear appropriate clothing.
 Don’t mouth suction
 Don’t smell or taste chemicals.
 Listen to or read instructions carefully before attempting to do
anything.
Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from chemicals, heated
 Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from chemicals, heated
materials, or things that might be able to shatter.
 Notify your demonstrator if any spills or accidents occur.
 After handling chemicals, always wash your hands with soap and
water.
 During lab work, keep your hands away from your face.
 Know the location of the fire extinguisher, fire blanket, eyewash
station, and first aid kit.
 No horseplay in lab.
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43. General Reminders for department
members
 Know Hazards of your lab.
 Read labels.
 Use Chemicals for their intended purpose.
 Inspect Equipment and glassware for malfunction.
 Inspect Equipment and glassware for malfunction.
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44. Requirements of each lab
1. Gloves boxes
2. Eyewear boxes
3. Masks boxes
4. 2-3 cabinet lab. hoods
5. Small wall fixed hoods
9. large baskets for papers
10. Separate Cupboards for
glassware, chemicals,
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5. Small wall fixed hoods
6. First aid kits
7. Activated fire alarm
8. Trash boxes for broken
glassware
glassware, chemicals,
microscopes, entire
plants and their powders

45. Have a safe and
happy semester.
Go CHEMISTRY!
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